Quarter 1- LIVING THINGS

Module 1: Respiratory and

Circulatory
System

CAROL C. BALDOMAR
Science Teacher
 What I Need to Know
After going through this module, you are
expected to:

The module focuses on 1. Identify the key parts of the breathing system;
achieving this learning 2. Describe the function of each part of the
competency: breathing system;
3. Explain how the lungs work;
Explain how the 4. Describe how the movement of the diaphragm
respiratory and circulatory helps the air go in and out of the lungs;
5. Identify the components of the circulatory
systems work together to system;
transport nutrients, gases, 6. Explain the different types of circulation;
and other molecules to 7. Explain how blood is pumped by the heart;
and from the different and,
parts of the body (S9LT-Ia- 8. Explain the mechanism of how the respiratory
and circulatory systems work together
b-26)
The Human Breathing System
➢ Breathe in and out.
➢ Notice your chest and belly moving and feel the soft air passing from the nose.
➢ Listen to the quiet sounds of breathing in and out.
➢ Imagine the air moving from the nose into the throat, through the air tubes, and
into the airsacs.
➢ The parts of the respiratory system that are in charge of supplying oxygen are
the nose, nasal passageways, windpipe, lungs, and diaphragm. In the nose and
nasal passages, the entering air is made warm, damp, and clean of unknown
particles.
The Human Breathing System
➢Next, the air moves down through the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles,
and alveoli.
• Trachea is the empty tube that serves as passageway of air into
the lungs.
• Bronchi are the two branching tubes that connect the trachea to
the lungs.
• Bronchioles are the hairlike tubes that connect to the alveoli.
• Alveoli are the airsacs that allow gas exchange in the lungs.
 LESSON 1: Respiratory and Circulatory System
What’s In

Our bodies are the mechanisms we depend upon to get

us through each day. Even when at rest, it is working to
keep us alive. This special machine relies on different
systems that work either together or separately.

Do you have any body parts that constantly move, even

while sitting still or asleep? What are these?
 LESSON 1:

5 Functions of Respiratory System

Gas Exchange – oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Breathing – movement of air.
Sound Production.
Olfactory Assistance – sense of smell.
Protection – from dust and microbes entering body
through mucus production, cilia, and coughing.
 What is It The Respiratory System
Do you know that each day we breathe about twenty thousand
times? Breathing is so important to life that it happens
automatically. All of us cannot live without breathing. All of this
breathing could not happen without help from the respiratory
system.
❖Breathing is the process that delivers oxygen to where it is
needed in the body and removes carbon dioxide.
❖We breathe in to allow oxygen to move into our bloodstream and we
breathe out to remove carbon dioxide from our blood.
❖The oxygen is carried in the blood to all cells of the body.
 What organ is in-charge when it comes to breathing?
THE LUNGS
Your lungs make up one of the largest
organs in your body, and they work in
your respiratory system to allow you to
breathe.

o Air flows into your body through the nose or mouth and enters a specific
pathway for air.
o These pathways carry air into our lungs.
o Then these split off where they become smaller and smaller.
o In the end, the pathways are attached to small air sacs where the exchange
of oxygen from the air for carbon dioxide occurs.
Parts and Its Functions
 Parts and Its Functions
Nose and Mouth (Nasal Cavity)

❖The nose is what we normally use to inhale and exhale.

❖It has two holes called nostrils through which air passes.
❖The skin lining both nostrils is embedded with tiny hairs
called cilia, which act like a filter to catch dust and other
small particles in the air we breathe.
❖The mouth is what we use to breathe when we need more
air than what can be taken in through the nostrils, as when
we pant or puff when we are exhausted.
 Pharynx and Larynx

❖The pharynx is the opening just behind the nose and mouth and is part of
both the respiratory and digestive systems.
❖Both food and air pass through the pharynx; it is lined with tissues called
tonsils which can partially obstruct the passage of either of the two.
❖Like when swallowing, respiration is interrupted.
❖The pharynx ends in the esophagus and the larynx.
❖The larynx is also known as the "voicebox" because it houses the vocal
chords and the different muscles used in producing sounds.
❖The epiglottis, a cartilage found at the top of the larynx, aids in closing it
tightly to prevent the passage of food or liquids.
 Trachea and Bronchi

❖The trachea, also referred to as the windpipe, is a

tube through which respiratory gas transport takes
place.
❖It is lined with ciliated cells to push particles out, and
cartilage rings to guard it against pressure when
breathing.
❖The end of the trachea is split into two tubes called
the bronchi, which also have several thin-walled
branches called bronchioles.
❖These bronchioles lead to air sacs called alveoli,
where most of the gas exchange happens.
 Lungs

❖The lungs are the most essential organ for

respiration.
❖ They consist of a cluster of bronchioles and
alveoli, blood vessels, and elastic tissue.
❖Their main function is to transfer oxygen
into the bloodstream, and to excrete carbon
dioxide into the air.
Mechanism of Breathing
 Mechanism of Breathing
❖Inhalation (inspiration) and exhalation (expiration)
are the processes by which the body takes in oxygen
and expels carbon dioxide during breathing.
❖You breathe with the help of the diaphragm and the
intercostal muscles between your ribs.
❖The diaphragm is shaped like a parachute and
located below your lungs. It divides the chest cavity
from the abdomen, while intercostal muscles are
located between your ribs.
 Mechanism of Breathing

Breathing in (Inhalation)

❖When you breathe in (inhale), your

diaphragm contracts (tightens) and moves
downward.
❖In this way, it could provide a bigger space
for your lungs to expand in the chest cavity.

❖As your lungs expand, air enters the nose and

mouth, traveling towards your windpipe and
into your lungs.
 Mechanism of Breathing

Breathing out (Exhalation)

❖When you breathe out (exhale), your

diaphragm relaxes and moves upward into
the chest cavity.
❖As the space in the chest cavity reduced,
carbon dioxide is pushed out of your lungs and
windpipe, and then out of your nose or mouth.
 KEY CONCEPTS

• The air we breathe goes through the nose, nasal passages, and then
through the trachea or windpipe, which separates into two branches,
called bronchial tubes or bronchi, one entering each lung.
• The bronchi subdivide many times inside the lungs, analogous to the
branching pattern of grapes, finally
• becoming hairlike tubes called bronchioles.
• In the last part of the terminal bronchioles are tiny bubble-like bunch of
structures called alveoli or airsacs.
 KEY CONCEPTS
• When you breathe in, your diaphragm muscle contracts downward
and rib muscles pull upward causing air to fill up the lungs.
• When your diaphragm goes lower and ribs shift up, they provide
more breathing space in your chest.
• This also reduces the force on your lungs so the air will move in from
the outside.
• Breathing out is a reverse process.
• Your diaphragm loosens up and the ribs and lungs thrust in, causing
the gas to be exhaled.
The Circulatory System

The function of the circulatory

system is to transport oxygen
and nutrients to the body cells
and to carry deoxygenated
(oxygen-poor) blood and carbon
dioxide back to the heart and
lungs.
 MAJOR PARTS

Its major parts are the heart, the blood,

and the blood vessels.

❖The HEART is a muscular pump which keeps

the blood flowing to each part of the body.
❖Generally, your blood circulates from your
heart, throughout your body, and back to
your heart about every 60 seconds.
 Blood: Fluid Transport
carries the materials throughout the body

❖ Blood is a tissue made of fluid,

cells, and fragments of cells.
❖ The fluid or the flowing portion of
the blood is termed plasma.
❖ Plasma is straw-colored fluid and
makes up about 55 percent of the
total volume of blood.
❖ Red and white blood cells and
platelets are suspended in plasma.
 Blood Vessels:carries the blood throughout the body
The circulatory system has three types of blood vessels:
arteries, veins, and capillaries.

❖ Arteries carry blood away from the heart towards the rest of the body.
❖ They carry oxygenated (oxygen-rich) blood except pulmonary arteries,
which carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
❖ The arteries branch off from the heart.
❖ They branch off into smaller arteries called arterioles. Arterioles enter
tissues, where they branch into the smallest blood vessels, the capillaries.
 ❑ Veins carry blood from the rest of the body back towards the heart.
❑ They carry deoxygenated (oxygen-poor) blood excluding pulmonary
veins, which carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
❑ In your body, oxygen-poor blood has a darker red color.

You can think of arteries and veins as a system of roads. Large arteries and veins are
like major highways. Smaller arteries and veins are like streets that route traffic
through local neighborhoods. Arteries and veins are connected by a system of
capillaries.

❑ Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels that move blood to and from the cells of the
body.
❑ These vessels are so small that blood cells must move through them in single file.
❑ Its walls are very thin that materials can easily diffuse into and out of them.
❖ Thousands of blood vessels in your body would be of little use if there
is no organ that will move blood through them.
❖ The heart moves blood through the vessels.
❖ In fact, the main function of the heart is to keep blood moving
constantly through the body.
❖The largest structures in your heart
are the four chambers.
❖As shown in the figure, the two
smaller chambers are the right
atrium and left atrium (plural,
atria), and the two larger chambers
are the right and left ventricles. .
❖ The atria are the receiving chambers of the heart,
accepting blood from the body (right atrium) and from
the lungs (left atrium).
❖ The ventricles are the pumping chambers, moving blood
to the lungs (right ventricle) and into the body (left
ventricle).
• The heart has two pumps. Each pump has two chambers, the upper
and lower chambers.
• The upper chamber is the atrium that receives blood coming in
from the veins.
• The lower chamber is the ventricle that forces the blood out into the
arteries.
• There is a valve between each atrium and ventricle to prevent the
blood from flowing backwards.
• The valves are like one-way doors that keep the blood moving in only
one direction.
• All of the muscle tissues of the heart do not contract at
the same time.
• Different parts of the heart contract at different times.
• When the top portion contracts, the bottom part
relaxes.
• When the bottom contracts, the top relaxes.
• When a chamber contracts, it becomes smaller and
the blood inside gets squeezed or pumped out.
 Types of Circulation

❖Pulmonary circulation occurs only between the heart and

the lungs.
❖The main function of this circulation is to carry
deoxygenated (oxygen-poor) blood to the lungs, where it
picks up Oxygen, expels excess CO2 and water, and carries
oxygenated (oxygen-rich) blood back to the heart.
❖Each lung is supplied by its own pulmonary artery and
pulmonary vein.
Systemic circulation Movement of blood from
the heart to the rest of the body, excluding the lungs

• It carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells and picks up

carbon dioxide and waste products.
❖Systemic circulation starts when blood leaves the left
ventricle.
❖The blood then flows through the torso, arms, legs, and
head, and then reverts to the heart.
❖ Coronary circulation
❖ Movement of blood though the
tissues of the heart.
❖ The vessels that provide blood
high in oxygen levels to the
heart are called as coronary
arteries.