Data Collection- Procedures and Measurements

Section on Process (Survey)

The data collection process will begin by developing a structured questionnaire survey
for this study. Surveys offer respondents a sequence of pre-defined questions to collect data and
information (Tuten, 2020). I have already created a survey questionnaire that captures relevant
information about the target population, African immigrants in Minnesota. The next step will be
conducting the pre-testing phase. In this pilot study, a small group of African immigrants has to
participate in this pilot test to evaluate the clarity and comprehensibility of the survey questions.
The actual survey will be administered online and face-to-face to reach a diverse range of
African immigrants in Minneapolis. An online survey link will be disseminated to the selected
participants, who will be given two weeks, allowing them to complete the survey at their
convenience and preferred location. For these online participants, alerts will be sent after one
week to remind those who still need to complete the survey.
For those who may not have access to the Internet or prefer face-to-face interaction, an
appropriate place will be chosen to conduct the survey at the time of their choice within the
research timeframe. Before the survey, the participants will be informed of the research aims,
methods, risks and advantages before obtaining their voluntary informed consent will be
obtained from each participant voluntarily. They will be informed that they can withdraw from
the research at time. To protect the anonymity of the participants, no identifying data will be
gathered. All survey answers will be de-identified before being kept in encrypted, password-
protected electronic files only accessible by the researcher. The data-gathering procedure usually
takes three weeks to give respondents enough time to finish the survey.
Data Analysis
The quantitative survey results will be analyzed thoroughly using SPSS (Statistical
Package for the Social Sciences). This analytical process will involve various statistical
techniques to extract meaningful insights and draw valid conclusions from the data collected.
Descriptive statistics will be calculated to offer an initial overview of the study's participants and
their important features. The data's distribution and central patterns will be shown using
descriptive statistics like means, frequencies, standard deviations, and percentages. This stage
will provide participants' demographics, income, healthcare coverage, and other pertinent
information.
Correlation analysis will be used to answer the study questions and verify the postulated
connections. The researcher will use Pearson correlation coefficients to evaluate the strength and
direction of the correlations between income, insurance coverage, and healthcare access among
African immigrants in Minnesota. The variables for the correlation are income, insurance
coverage, and healthcare access. Others include age, gender, educational level, duration of stay in
the U.S., and immigration status. The correlations will show how changes in one variable may
affect changes in another. The need to comprehend quantitatively the relationships between
variables dictates the choice of correlation analysis. Pearson correlation coefficients may
evaluate the degree and direction of linear connections between income, insurance coverage, and
healthcare access and usage among African immigrants in Minneapolis. Correlation analysis is
ideal for determining how one variable affects another. This tool will identify whether these
variables are significantly related, laying the groundwork for regression analysis. Correlation
analysis determines how income, insurance coverage, and healthcare access and usage affect
African immigrants in Minneapolis. This research determines whether income and insurance
coverage are statistically significant healthcare access and usage predictors. It helps find
correlation analysis trends or patterns.
Regression analysis will also examine the predictive links that independent variables
(income and insurance coverage) have with the dependent ones (healthcare access and
utilization). The variables for the regression analysis include healthcare access and utilization,
income level, and insurance coverage. Regression analysis will be used to examine the
relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable among African
immigrants in Minnesota. There are several reasons why regression analysis is suitable for this
study. Regression analysis is a reliable statistical tool for studying the complex factors affecting
healthcare delivery for African immigrants in Minnesota. Its inherent capabilities match the
study goals, justifying this decision. Regression analysis reveals complex variable interactions
via a predictive lens. This research uses this predictive ability to determine how much
independent factors like income and insurance coverage affect dependent variables like
healthcare access and use. By quantifying their size and direction, regression analysis helps me
understand and explain how significant variables affect healthcare outcomes. Regression analysis
excels at controlling confounding variables. This statistical method isolates the effects of income
and insurance coverage from demographic or immigration factors that might skew the findings.
Thus, the study can isolate and assess the specific contributions of income and insurance
coverage to healthcare inequities, providing a more accurate picture.
Regression analysis's inference extends the research beyond the sample population.
Regression analysis allows researchers to deduce wider patterns and trends from data acquired
from a group of African immigrants, providing demographic-wide insights. The study's
generalization ability may influence policy choices and initiatives outside its focus. Regression
analysis can isolate the effects of each independent variable on the dependent variable. This
comprehensive approach lets researchers determine whether income or insurance coverage
affects healthcare access and use more. This disentanglement of contributions enhances the
study's results and comprehension of African immigrants' healthcare delivery.
Regression analysis allows us to understand how changes in the independent variables
are related to changes in the dependent variable and helps us quantify the strength and direction
of these relationships. Multiple regression analysis aims to investigate better and quantify the
connections between income, insurance coverage, and healthcare access and usage among
African immigrants in Minneapolis. This research examines the predictive capacity of income
and insurance coverage on healthcare access and usage and the specific contributions of income
and insurance status to healthcare outcomes while correcting for relevant confounders. Another
objective is to examine whether income and insurance coverage affect healthcare access and
usage and if demographic and immigration variables temper the correlations. Multiple regression
analysis can adjust for confounding factors and discover the distinct contributions of income
level and insurance status on healthcare access (Chesser, 2019). The findings will show if income
and insurance status substantially influence healthcare access and usage among African
immigrants in Minnesota. Subgroup investigations may examine demographic parameters (e.g.,
age, gender, educational level) and immigration-related factors (e.g., duration of stay in the U.S.,
immigration status) that may affect healthcare access and usage. Diverse subpopulations of
African immigrants may have diverse healthcare access and use, which may be better understood
with the help of these subgroup studies.