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Final Research Report CRP

HND in Computing (ESOFT Metro Campus)

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Higher Nationals
Internal verification of assessment decisions – BTEC (RQF)
INTERNAL VERIFICATION – ASSESSMENT DECISIONS

Programme title BTEC HND in Computing

Assessor Ms. Sampa Internal

Verifier
Unit 13: Computing Research Project
Unit(s)
Final Research Report – Remote working
Assignment title
Mohamed Aiyoob Anas
Student’s name
List which assessment Pass Merit Distinction
criteria the Assessor has
awarded.
INTERNAL VERIFIER CHECKLIST

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those shown in the assignment brief? Y/N

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justified by the assessor’s comments on the Y/N
student work?
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Higher Nationals - Summative Assignment Feedback Form

Student Name/ID Mohamed Aiyoob Anas / COL00079253

Unit Title Unit 13: Computing Research Project

Assignment Number 1 Assessor Ms. Sampa

Date Received
Submission Date
1st submission
Date Received 2nd
Re-submission Date
submission

Assessor Feedback:
LO2 Conduct and analyse research relevant to a chosen computing research project

Pass, Merit & Distinction

Descripts
P3 ☐ P4 ☐ M2 ☐ D1 ☐

LO3 Communicate the outcomes of a research project to identified stakeholders

Pass, Merit & Distinction

Descripts
P5 ☐ M3 ☐ D2 ☐

LO4 Reflect on the application of research methodologies and concepts

Pass, Merit & Distinction

Descripts
P6 ☐ P7 ☐ M4 ☐ D3 ☐

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Resubmission Feedback:

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Internal Verifier’s Comments:

Signature & Date:

* Please note that grade decisions are provisional. They are only confirmed once internal and external moderation has taken place and
grades decisions have been agreed at the assessment board.

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Assignment Feedback
Formative Feedback: Assessor to Student

Action Plan

Summative feedback

Feedback: Student to Assessor

Assessor Date
signature

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Pearson
Higher Nationals in
Computing
Unit 13: Computing Research Project
Project Report

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General Guidelines

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previous page as your cover sheet and make sure all the details are accurately filled.
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Student Declaration

I hereby, declare that I know what plagiarism entails, namely to use another’s work and to present
it as my own without attributing the sources in the correct form. I further understand what it means
to copy another’s work.

1. I know that plagiarism is a punishable offence because it constitutes theft.

2. I understand the plagiarism and copying policy of Edexcel UK.
3. I know what the consequences will be if I plagiarise or copy another’s work in any of the
assignments for this program.
4. I declare therefore that all work presented by me for every aspect of my program, will be my
own, and where I have made use of another’s work, I will attribute the source in the correct
way.
5. I acknowledge that the attachment of this document signed or not, constitutes a binding
agreement between myself and Pearson , UK.
6. I understand that my assignment will not be considered as submitted if this document is not
attached to the assignment.

Student’s Signature: [email protected] Date:

(Provide E-mail ID) (Provide Submission Date)

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Higher National Diploma in Computing

Assignment Brief
Student Name /ID Number Mohamed Aiyoob Anas / COL00079253

Unit Number and Title Unit 13 – Computing Research Project

Academic Year 2021/22
Unit Tutor Ms. Sampa
Assignment Title Final Research Project Report
Issue Date

Submission Date

IV Name & Date

Submission format

• The submission is in the form of an individual written report.

• The submission is in the form of an individual written report.
• This should be written in a concise, formal business style using single spacing and font size 12.
• You are required to make use of headings, paragraphs and subsections as appropriate, and all
work must be supported with research
• referenced using the Harvard referencing system.
• Please provide a referencing list using the Harvard referencing system.
• The recommended word limit is minimum 4,500 words
Unit Learning Outcomes:

LO2. Conduct and analyse research relevant to a chosen computing research project
LO3. Communicate the outcomes of a research project to identified stakeholders
LO4. Reflect on the application of research methodologies and concepts

Assignment Brief and Guidance:

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Learner is now required to provide a comprehensive research project report based on the findings
of secondary and primary research carried out on the project proposal submitted in the previous
section on Remote working.
The Learner requires to produce a detailed research project report covering following areas

• Conduct primary and secondary research using appropriate methods for a computing research
project that consider costs, access and ethical issues. Carry out your research and apply
appropriate analytical tools to analyse research findings and data and discuss merits,
limitations and pitfalls experienced during data collection and analysis.
• Draw conclusion based on the research findings.
• Communicate the outcomes of your research project to the identified audience and a critical
evaluation of the outcomes demonstrating if the research objectives were met.
• Reflect on the success of your research project and your performance at the end of the
project with the inclusion of a project evaluation and recommendations (Consider
alternative research methodologies and lessons learnt in view of the outcomes)

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Grading Rubric
Grading Criteria Achieved Feedback

P3 Conduct primary and secondary research using

appropriate methods for a computing research project
that consider costs, access and ethical issues
P4 Apply appropriate analytical tools to analyse
research findings and data.
M2 Discuss merits, limitations and pitfalls of
approaches to data collection and analysis.
P5 Communicate research outcomes in an appropriate
manner for the intended audience.
M3 Coherently and logically communicate outcomes to
the intended audience, demonstrating how outcomes
meet set research objectives.
D2 Communicate critical analysis of the outcomes and
make valid, justified recommendations.
P6 Reflect on the effectiveness of research methods
applied for meeting objectives of the computing
research project.
P7 Consider alternative research methodologies and
lessons learnt in view of the outcomes.
M4 Provide critical reflection and insight that results in
recommended actions for improvements and future
research considerations.

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D3 Demonstrate reflection and engagement in the

resource process leading to recommended actions for
future improvement.

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Factors affecting business operations during remote

work in WSO2 technology

By
Mohamed Aiyoob Anas
COL00079253

Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the

COMPUTING RESEARCH PROJECT MODULE OF PEARSON’S HND
IN < YOUR STREAM> PROGRAMME
at the
ESOFT METRO CAMPUS

Name of research Tutor: MS Sampa

2023.01.07

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DECLARATION

Name of Research Candidate: Mohamed Aiyoob Anas

Pearson Registration Number: COL - 00079253
Program Name: BTEC HND in Computing
Research Title: Factors affecting business operations during remote work in WSO2 technology
Field of Study: Remote Working
I do solemnly and sincerely declare that:
i. I’m the sole author of this study
ii. This work is original
iii. In case of any use if any information from other sources references of copyright with its
ownership have been acknowledged in this document
iv. I do not have any actual knowledge nor do I ought reasonably to know that the making of
the work constitutes an infringement of any copyright work
v. I know that plagiarism is a punishable offence because it constitutes theft, I understand the
plagiarism and copying policy of the Edexcel UK, I know what the consequences will be
if I plagiaries or copy another’s work in this research for this program.

Candidate Signature: [email protected] Date: 2023-02-01

Subscribed and solemnly declared before,

Supervisor’s Name: Sampa Withanachchi

Designation:

Supervisor’s Signature: Date: 2nd

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I'd want to use this occasion to extend my heartfelt thanks and best wishes to Coordinator
Ms. Chathurika for his wise counsel and support. And I'd want to express my heartfelt gratitude
to my instructor, Ms. Sampa Withanachchi, for her unwavering support and supervision during
this project. Blessings, assistance, and direction will take me a long way in the life path I am
about to embark on. I'd also want to take this opportunity to thank ESoft Metro Campus in
Colombo for their hospitality and excellent facilities, which aided me in completing this study.

Thanks!
Yours sincerely,
Mohamed Aiyoob Anas,
Esoft Metro Campus.

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ABSTRACT

Using people and analytics data from over 10,000 skilled individuals at a big Asian IT services
organization, we investigate productivity before and after the Covid-19 pandemic's working
from home [WFH] phase. Working hours rose, including an 18% increase outside of typical
business hours. Productivity dropped by 8-19% while average production dipped marginally.
Then we look at the factors that influence productivity changes. Employees with children at
home worked longer hours and saw a greater drop in productivity than those without children.
Women had a greater drop in productivity, but those with a longer firm stay fared better.
Higher communication and coordination costs are a significant driver of changes in WFH
production. Time spent on coordination and meetings rose, while undisturbed work hours
decreased significantly.

Employees communicated with fewer people and business divisions both inside and outside of
the company. The globe has been touched by the COVID-19 epidemic, and many firms and
organizations have implemented various workplace initiatives in many industries throughout
the world. Working from home has gained popularity as a component of quarantine efforts to
control the spread of the disease since the epidemic began. This rapid transition has had a
significant impact on corporate life, and workers have struggled to adjust to their new style of
working. As a result, their productivity has altered as a result of several things at their new
workplace: home

Working from home is only feasible because to advances in information technology. Because
of its solutions, information technology allows corporate life to continue. Employees may
connect with one another and with businesses by sending and receiving textual, audio, and
visual information thanks to information technology solutions. It is critical for everyone's sake
that information technology professionals’ function effectively, especially during pandemics.
Managers and coordinators play a critical part in their performance. As a result, this study
focuses on staff productivity in WSO2 technology.

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CONTENTS
DECLARATION ........................................................................................................................................... i
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ............................................................................................................................... ii
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................. iii
CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................................. iv
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................................... vi
A LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................. vii
LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................................... viii
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................9
1.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................9
1.2. Purpose of research .....................................................................................................................10
1.3. Significance of the Research .......................................................................................................10
1.4. Research objectives .....................................................................................................................11
1.5. Research Sub objectives ..............................................................................................................11
1.6. Research questions ......................................................................................................................11
1.7. Hypothesis ...................................................................................................................................12
1.8. Thesis structure............................................................................................................................13
CHAPTER 1 – Introduction .................................................................................................. 13
CHAPTER 2 - Literature Review.......................................................................................... 13
CHAPTER 3 – Methodology ................................................................................................ 13
CHAPTER 4 - Presentation of Results .................................................................................. 13
CHAPTER 5 - Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 13
CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW ...................................................................................................14
2.1. Literature Review ........................................................................................................................14
2.1.1 Remote Working .......................................................................................................... 15
2.2. Conceptual framework ................................................................................................................17
CHAPTER 3 – METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................18
3.1. Research philosophy....................................................................................................................20
3.2. Research approach.......................................................................................................................20
3.3. Research strategy.........................................................................................................................20
3.4. Research Choice ..........................................................................................................................21
3.5. Time frame ..................................................................................................................................21
3.6. Data collection procedures ..........................................................................................................22
3.6.1. Type of Data ................................................................................................................................23
3.6.2. Data Collection Method ..............................................................................................................30
3.6.3. Data Collection and Analyze Tools .............................................................................................30
3.6.4. Questionnaire structure................................................................................................................31

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3.6.5. Data Storage ................................................................................................................................32

3.7. Target population and sampling ..................................................................................................33
3.8. The selection of participants........................................................................................................34
3.9. Reliability, Validity, and Generalizability...................................................................................34
3.10. Ethical issues of the research study .............................................................................................35
CHAPTER 4 - PRESENTATION OF RESULTS ......................................................................................36
4.1. Demographic Analysis ................................................................................................................36
4.2. Correlation Analysis ....................................................................................................................39
4.2.1. RO2 ......................................................................................................................... 40
4.2.2. RO3 ......................................................................................................................... 40
4.2.3. RO4 ......................................................................................................................... 40
4.3. Regression Analysis ....................................................................................................................41
4.3.1. RO1 ......................................................................................................................... 42
4.3.2. RO2 ......................................................................................................................... 43
4.3.3. RO3 ......................................................................................................................... 44
4.3.4. RO4 ......................................................................................................................... 46
CHAPTER 5 - CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................50
5.1. Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................50
5.1.1. RO1 ......................................................................................................................... 50
5.1.2. RO2 ......................................................................................................................... 51
5.1.3. RO3 ......................................................................................................................... 51
5.1.4. RO4 ......................................................................................................................... 52
5.2. Recommendations .......................................................................................................................53
5.3. Limitations ..................................................................................................................................54
5.4. Future Improvements ..................................................................................................................54
5.5. Personnel Reflection....................................................................................................................54
Referencing .................................................................................................................................................55
Annexures....................................................................................................................................................57
Annexures A: Glossary of Terms ............................................................................................................57
Annexures B: Sample SPSS Charts/ Table .............................................................................................62
Annexures C: Feedback Form / Question list..........................................................................................63
Annexures D: Sample Feedback sheets...................................................................................................64

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

WFH – Work from Home

IT – Information Technology
RO – Research Objective

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A LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 Hypothesis ........................................................................................................................ 12

Table 2 Time frame ....................................................................................................................... 21
Table 3 Questionnaire structure .................................................................................................... 31
Table 4 Sampling........................................................................................................................... 33
Table 5 The selection of participants ............................................................................................ 34

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viii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Conceptual Framework ................................................................................................... 17

Figure 2 onion model .................................................................................................................... 19
Figure 3 Gantt Chart ..................................................................................................................... 22
Figure 4 Questionnaire .................................................................................................................. 57

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CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION
1.1. Introduction

The employee-related research in this study concentrated on discovering, assessing, and

reporting variables that WSO2 Technologies' remote working policies were having on the
efficiency of its IT employees. Large-scale infrastructure and well-known IT firms,
including the cloud, Amazon, Google, and others, have swiftly changed their operations to a
working from home model across the rest of the globe. Everyone who works for WSO2
Technologies is aware that telecommuting is an option. The Coronavirus (COVID19)
pandemic's causes and consequences are currently a topic of discussion as well. As a result,
businesses have developed response mechanisms and adjusted to the globally very
unpredictable current situation.

Businesses today need to switch from an offline to an online manner of operation due to the
difficult circumstances caused by the COVID outbreak. As a result, communication and
work will be harder. In order to facilitate remote working, we will identify and choose
software and productivity solutions in this study project. To do this, we will perform both
primary and secondary research to learn more, compare tools, and select the best ones for
each of us.

Every employee's impact on the business's productivity has been recognized and studied,
including remote working. There are several options for at-home self-study. Therefore, this
research study has contributed to the body of information on workplace procedures by
showing a connection between remote work and higher employee productivity in the
context of the present economic situation.

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1.2. Purpose of research

The goal of the study is to One of the crucial components that have an impact on the study
of employees' productivity, as described in the section above, is the variables and influence
of employee productivity at IT on WSO2 Technologies. Today's globe is home to many
well-known IT firms, including those in Sri Lanka, and working remotely has an impact on
employees' productivity. The issue raised in this computing research study is the lack of an
influence on remote employee productivity at IT. Determine which areas of the company
are negatively impacted by workers in terms of variables and productivity. The fundamental
justification for this is that if workers are continuously compelled to work from home, their
everyday work routine will not be revealed, and their output will not be monitored. This
study is being conducted to analyze and consider how workers may affect the previously
described research.

1.3. Significance of the Research

The analysis' principal purpose is to establish how remote work impacts employee
productivity and what amount of computer technology is required. Through the conduct of
this research, a student's abilities and knowledge will be enhanced. It will be able to
complete any study work without difficulty in the future. With the help of this inquiry, the
project's challenges will be efficiently handled, and favorable outcomes will be reached.
The purpose may be to investigate in depth the data on how staff productivity is affected.
The primary goal of this study is to assess how effectively employees function under Covid-
19 conditions when working remotely. A conclusion that would assist WSO2 technologies
in establishing their standard and mechanism would be advantageous. Future studies
conducted by researchers will be aided in addressing and minimizing difficulties as a result
of the research findings.

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1.4. Research objectives

RO1: To assist, examine the influence of remote working on employee productivity in the
IT industry will be discovered at the conclusion of the study.
RO2: To determine a better solution to the issues that WSO2 Technologies' IT field
personnel are having with remote working that are impacting their productivity.
RO3: Employee productivity during COVID 19 will be impacted by digital infrastructure.
RO4: Employee productivity when working remotely is correlated with their level of
wellbeing.
RO5: The influence of IT training on employee productivity when working remotely.

1.5. Research Sub objectives

• Increase productivity during the COVID 19 using remote working.

• Digital infrastructure will have impact on employee’s productivity during the
COVID 19
• Wellbeing has a relationship with employee’s productivity during remote working.
• IT training will have impact on employee's productivity during remote working.

1.6. Research questions

• Does remote working have an impact on IT employees at WSO2 Technologies?

• Does remote working have the ability to measure and increase employee
productivity using WSO2 technologies?
• Does remote working at WSO2 Technologies have an impact on the digital
infrastructure?
• Is it true that workers have gained/obtained training while working remotely?

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1.7. Hypothesis

H1 HO There is no relationship between remote working and employee’s productivity at

of IT on WSO2 Technologies.
HA There is relationship between remote working and employee’s productivity at of
IT on WSO2 Technologies
H2 HO 1 There is no relationship training infrastructure and employee productivity at of IT
due to remote working on WSO2 technologies.
HA 1 There is relationship training infrastructure and employee productivity at of IT
due to remote working on WSO2 technologies.
H3 HO 2 There is no relationship digital infrastructure employee productivity at of IT due
to remote working on WSO2 technologies.
HA 2 There is relationship digital infrastructure employee productivity at of IT due to
remote working on WSO2 technologies.
H4 HO 3 There is no relationship employee wellbeing and employee productivity at of IT
due to remote working WSO2 technologies.
HA 3 There is no relationship employee wellbeing and employee productivity at of IT
due to remote working WSO2 technologies

Table 1 Hypothesis

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1.8. Thesis structure

CHAPTER 1 – Introduction

Look through previous research. To remedy this research gap, I chose my research topic and
developed research questions and objectives.

CHAPTER 2 - Literature Review

This part includes the literature that covers the research's contributing components. The
independent and dependent variables discovered in the previous chapter of the study are
explored one by one in this chapter utilizing literature based on prior literature. The
discussion of the literature will provide further support for the findings of the research
analysis.

CHAPTER 3 – Methodology

This chapter contains the technique used by the researcher to achieve the study's aims and
answer the research questions. The study includes four independent variables: remote
working, digital infrastructure, training, and employee welfare, as well as one dependent
variable: employee productivity. The approach used in the study is research onion.

CHAPTER 4 - Presentation of Results

The analysis chapter presents the study's analytical results in order to achieve the objectives
stated in the introductory chapter. The study was analyzed using SPSS software, which
includes description analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis.

CHAPTER 5 - Conclusions and Recommendations

Chapter 05 is the conclusion and suggestions chapter, which summarizes the preceding
chapter's findings and makes recommendations to better the research aims.

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CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Literature Review

On January 27, 2020, the first verified case of COVID-19 was reported in Sri Lanka. The
infected person was a Chinese citizen who had visited Sri Lanka two weeks before the
reported date. As of January 27, 2020, the Corona Virus had been found in 11 countries,
with 2798 confirmed cases and 80 deaths. After being hospitalized, the COVID-19-positive
Chinese individual was treated at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID). As of
January 28, 2020, five additional persons were being investigated for the Corona Virus,
including two Sri Lankan citizens. These folks were held under monitoring at the NIID
(Amaratunga, et al., 2020).

Employees that use WFH are required to sustain their performance during the COVID-19
epidemic. Because WFH varies from Work from Home (WFO), because WFH requires
employees to be adaptable to changes in culture or a new work environment, this policy
clearly has an impact on individuals. Employees must acquire used to the WFH setting
since the two environments are diverse and need different methods (Singh & Kumar, 2020).

Working from home has been popular in many countries as a strategy to combat the spread
of COVID-19, but it has a negative impact on mental health. According to the study, the
principal drug was linked to both physical and mental health in those infected with COVID-
19 (Panchal, et al., 2021). Because of the lockdown, there are mental health difficulties in
the neighborhood, which occur against a backdrop of previously high rates of mental illness
and substance misuse. According to the survey, one out of every ten people experienced
anxiety and/or depressive symptoms prior to the epidemic (Panchal, et al., 2021).

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Employees that work from home do so from the comfort of their own homes. People who
work from home have greater flexibility throughout their working hours. Working from
home also helps people to maintain a good work-life balance while supporting organizations
in completing tasks and reducing the possibility of a COVID-19 outbreak. Working from
home, according to (Crosbie & Moore, 2004), provides employees with greater time
planning flexibility and, in the long run, a solid work-life balance. The firm, on the other
hand, benefits from it. Work from home is used to track employees' performance and ensure
that they continue to be effective in completing their jobs, in addition to giving flexibility
for employees.

2.1.1 Remote Working

Remote working is a sort of work method that allows employees to accomplish their
obligations away from the office or in other non-work-related areas. This review study
extensively examines the ideas, advantages, and downsides of remote working before
addressing specific challenges, notably those raised by researchers.

The need for various remote working strategies is increasing all the time, and this approach
is one of the most difficult options provided by the WSO2 technologies IT industry.
Because of the remote work arrangement, employees have been obliged to work from home
for a longer period of time. Several of them are anxious about their jobs in these uncertain
times. This has had a substantial influence on the productivity levels of these WSO2
Technologies employees. As more firms deploy hybrid employees and learn how to develop
a collaborative remote workforce, the usage of trainee individuals in the company's
information technology (IT) at home is increasing.

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The quantity of remote work done affects individual results, and (other) job characteristics
are discovered to be modifiers. This strategy makes it simple to identify which types of
work are best suited for remote working. As a result, "whether employees may fully profit
from telecommuting is likely to be impacted by the method in which they must do their
professional obligations," as stated by (Golden & Veiga, 2005).

Based on the notion that remote working regulations can benefit only particular jobs (A &
M, 2001), this technique considers the work characteristics of the workers as boundary
criteria to balance the contradictory impacts of remote working. The major conclusion from
these studies is that managers should allow competent individuals and occupations to work
remotely.

Following the COVID-19 epidemic, forced working from home has been regarded as a shift
to remote work, whereas the work from home notion depicts the worker having total
freedom over how the work from home is structured. As a result, distinguishing between
COVID19 voluntary remote work and COVID-19 required remote work is critical when
choosing remote work is linked to environmental safety and government-imposed limits.

Furthermore, as a result of the pandemic's quick shift to much more accessible remote
employment productivity, there has been a significant increase in the effect of trainee
employees owing to remote work events. When working remotely, the employee must
adhere to the company's guidelines as well as the timeline.

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2.2. Conceptual framework

Figure 1 Conceptual Framework

Employees are the most important component of employee productivity using WSO2
technology. Process tracking because they have an influence or are affected by the
generation. In this study, the conceptual framework interprets 'training' as the independent
variable and 'employee production' as the dependent variable. According to the assumption,
‘remote working' is the cause, while 'staff productivity' is the result. If it is good, the
association between remote working and employee productivity can be found.

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CHAPTER 3 – METHODOLOGY

The study onion model is a well-known Methodology that is widely utilized by researchers
worldwide. The model's multiple layers symbolize the various steps that a researcher must
go through while putting up an effective approach, and it was created by Saunders et al in
2007 (Saunders, et al., 2019).

Research methodology refers to the procedures and strategies used to correctly portray the
study. Such techniques improve the study process while also making research approaches
more accessible to everybody. The researcher is usually in charge of presenting the concept
to the audience and explaining the study methodology. Research methodologies are specific
tactics for acquiring and evaluating data. Creating your methodological approach would be
a critical component of your study design. A design research methodology is both a strategy
and a grouping of similar methodologies and concepts. The Design Research Methodology
would be a framework that writers would utilize to conduct research. Blessing created the
DRM framework, which has been accepted as the supporting framework for this study. as
its methodologies are meant to allow for a more detailed research approach by aiding in the
planning and implementation of design study. This technique, if utilized as the authors
advise, should help make design research more productive and efficient.

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Figure 2 onion model

The research onion has several layers, with the idea being that we start from the exterior and
peel each layer away until we reach the center. These layers are divided into six major
categories:

- Research Philosophy
- Research Approach
- Research Strategy
- Research Choices
- Time Horizons
- Techniques and Procedures.

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3.1. Research philosophy

The researcher used a positivist research perspective, which stresses the use of a more
scientific method and the testing of phenomena. Under positivist research philosophy,
knowledge is regarded to be independent of the subject being researched. The first and most
superficial layer of the research onion is concerned with a collection of concepts about the
nature of reality that are being investigated, and it is commonly researched in the context of
ontology and epistemology. A research philosophy is a collection of views regarding the
optimal approach to collect, analyze, and apply evidence on a certain topic. Unlike
doxology, which relates to what is considered to be true, the term epistemology refers to a
wide range of study method philosophies. As a result, the goal of science is to convert doxa
(what is believed) into episteme (what is known). As for research technique, there are four
major research philosophies. According to research, the primary schools of philosophy are
Positivism, Realism, Interpretivism, and Pragmatism.

3.2. Research approach

The second layer of the research onion depicts the many approaches that a researcher can
use while doing any sort of study. A research technique can be deductive or inductive, and
its selection is frequently impacted by previous decisions, study goals, constraints, and
personal preferences. This is crucial for proving the point. Furthermore, the study should
lead to research findings in order for the research to be acceptable to the reader. There are
two kinds of research methods. The two approaches are inductive and deductive.

3.3. Research strategy

The third layer of the research onion is concerned with how a researcher intends to collect
data for the thesis or dissertation under consideration. Data gathering approaches include
experiments, surveys, case studies, action research, grounded theory, ethnography, and
archive research. As long as the decision is appropriately expressed in the thesis or
dissertation, an academic researcher can gather data using more than one of the approaches
listed above.

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3.4. Research Choice

The research onion describes the mono method, mixed method, and multi-method
possibilities (Saunders, et al., 2019). As the name implies, the mono-method strategy
comprises adopting only one research technique for the subject. The use of two or more
research techniques is required for mixed methods research, which most frequently refers to
the use of both qualitative and quantitative procedures. The multi-method approach employs
a greater number of approaches (Bryman, 2012).

3.5. Time frame

The Time Horizon refers to the time span in which the project is expected to be completed
(Saunders, et al., 2019). Within the research onion, there are two sorts of time horizons:
cross sectional and longitudinal (Bryman, 2012).

The cross-sectional temporal horizon is chosen for the investigation. When all of the study
is for a single point in time, such as in surveys, the cross-section time horizon is used.

Millstones Task Completion Data

Study of the topic 16th December 2022
Introduction to research area 19th December 2022
Finding the related works and prepare Literature review 25th December 2022
Design the conceptual framework 28th December 2022
Define research objectives 29th December 2022
Define research questions 1st January 2022
Define research methodology 5th January 2022
Prepare a Gantt chart 10th January 2022
Conclusion 25th January 2022
Finalizing the project proposal 20th February 2022
Table 2 Time frame

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Figure 3 Gantt Chart

3.6. Data collection procedures

The data for the study is acquired via polling the target demographic for the survey. The
questionnaire is a five-point Likert scale with items related to the study topic. The data for
the study is acquired via polling the target demographic for the survey. The questionnaire is
a five-point Likert scale with items related to the study topic. The data for this study is
collected using a Google form. Here you may add some questions from all of the employees
to the Google form and obtain answers from the staff. Employees can also collect data by
reading the questions in the Google form and answering them.

He gathers the data for this research and shapes it based on these facts. In other words,
gathering data from a Google form can yield accurate results. A Google form can also be
used to get all of the employees' information. These facts can be utilized to gather
information.

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3.6.1. Type of Data

Primary data
Primary data is information gathered by researchers directly from primary sources, such as
interviews, surveys, and experiments. Primary data are often acquired from the source—
where the information originated—and are considered the most basic and straightforward
data in research.

Primary data sources are often chosen and adjusted particularly to meet the needs or criteria
of a certain research project. Also, before selecting a knowledge gathering source, the
purpose of the research and the target population must be determined. When conducting a
market survey, for example, the purpose of the survey and hence the sample population
must be established initially. This is frequently what determines which data collecting
source is most appropriate—an offline survey is more suitable for a population living in
distant places without an internet access than online surveys.

Examples of Primary Data

Market Research

This is an important part of corporate strategy that entails acquiring knowledge about the
target market and clients. The information acquired during marketing research is essential
since it is tailor-made to meet the demands of the organization. An organization conducting
marketing research on a new product (say, a phone) that is about to be released will need to
collect data from the target market such as purchasing power, feature preferences, daily
phone usage, and so on. Because the products vary, information from previous polls is not
used.

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Trauma Survivors

Although people react differently to stress, there is typically a trait that people who have
experienced an identical level of trauma have. Interviewing survivors, sending them
surveys, or other primary sources of information gathering will be used in the research to
determine how victims of sexual assault overcome the horrific event.

Primary data collection method

Primary data collection methods are various approaches for collecting primary data. It
describes the tools used to acquire primary data, a few of which are mentioned below:

1. Surveys & Questionnaires

Surveys and questionnaires are two related strategies for gathering primary data. They are a
series of questions typed or written out and distributed to a sample of research participants
for replies. Following completion of the survey, the survey is returned to the researcher for
recording. It is recommended to perform pilot research in which specialists fill out
questionnaires to examine the weaknesses of the questions or methodologies utilized. There
are two types of surveys used for data collection: online surveys and offline surveys. Online
surveys are conducted utilizing internet-enabled devices such as mobile phones, PCs,
tablets, and so forth.

They can be distributed to responders via email, websites, or social media. Offline surveys,
on the other hand, do not require an internet connection to be administered. A paper-based
survey is the most prevalent type of offline survey. However, there are offline surveys, such
as Form plus, that may be filled out on a mobile device without an internet connection. This
type of survey is known as an online-offline survey since it is completed offline but requires
an internet connection to be submitted.

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2. Observation

The observation technique is frequently used in behavioral science research. The researcher
use observation as a scientific instrument and way of gathering knowledge. Observation as a
strategy for knowledge collecting is normally systematic and subject to checks and controls.
There are several techniques to the observation method, including organized and
unstructured approaches, controlled and uncontrolled approaches, and participant, non-
participant, or disguised approaches.

The structured and unstructured approaches are distinguished by rigorous characterization

of objects of observation, kind of observer, circumstances, and knowledge selection. A
structured observation method is one that meets this need, and vice versa. A controlled and
uncontrolled strategy indicates whether the study was conducted in a natural context or in
accordance with certain pre-planned plans. If an observation is completed in a natural
situation, it is uncontrolled; yet, if wiped out in a laboratory, it becomes controlled.

Before hiring a substitute instructor, academic institutions may request a sample teaching
class to evaluate the teacher's abilities. The evaluator enters the category and watches the
instruction, becoming a participant.

The evaluator may also decide to watch from outside the category, therefore becoming a
nonparticipant. An evaluator may also be required to stay in school and disguise himself as
a student in order to conduct a disguised observation.

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Secondary Data
Secondary data is information that has previously been gathered from primary sources and
made easily available for scholars to utilize in their own study. It is a type of information
that has already been accumulated in the past. A researcher may have gathered information
for a specific project and subsequently made it available for use by another researcher. The
information might also be gathered for public consumption with no special study objective,
as in the case of a national census.

Data that is classed as secondary for one study might be considered main for another. This
is frequently the case when data is reused, making it primary data for the main study and
secondary data for the secondary research.

Sources of Secondary Data

Secondary data sources include books, personal sources, journals, newspapers, websites,
government documents, and so on. Secondary data are recognized to be more easily
available than primary data. Using these sources takes little or no investigation and wishes
for labor. Secondary data sources become more accessible with the advent of electronic
media, and therefore the internet. Several of these resources are noted below.

1. Books

Books are one of the most ancient methods of gathering information. There are books
accessible nowadays for every topic you could be interested in. When finishing research, all
you have to do is search for a book on the subject being investigated, then choose from the
available repository of books in the region. When carefully selected, books are an authentic
source of authentic material and may be valuable in writing a literature review.

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2. Unpublished Personal Sources

In comparison to published sources, this may not be as easily accessible. They are only
available if the researcher shares them with another researcher who is not permitted to share
them with a third party. A corporation's merchandise management team, for example, may
have data on consumer feedback to analyze what customers feel about their product and
improvement ideas. They'll have to gather the information from the customer service
department, which largely collected the information to improve customer service.

3. Journal

When it comes to data collecting, journals are progressively supplanting books. This is
frequently due to journals being updated on a regular basis with new papers, therefore
providing up-to-date information. In addition, when it comes to research, journals are
generally more specialized. As an example, a magazine will be named "Secondary data
collection for quantitative data," but a book will simply be labeled "Secondary data
collection."

4. Blogs

Blogs are one of the most popular internet data sources, yet they are even less legitimate
than webpages. Nowadays, almost everyone has a blog, and many people utilize these blogs
to generate traffic to their website or make money through paid adverts. As a result, they
cannot always be trusted. For example, a blogger may write positive things about a product
because the company paid him or her to do so, even if the information is false.

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Secondary Data Analysis

Secondary data analysis is the process of examining data gathered from another researcher
who gathered the data primarily for another reason. Researchers use secondary data to save
time and resources that would otherwise be spent on main data collecting. The secondary
data analysis method is frequently delivered quantitatively or qualitatively depending on the
sort of knowledge handled by the researcher. The quantitative approach of secondary data
analysis is used on numerical data and is statistically examined, whereas the qualitative
method employs words to provide detailed information about data.

How to Analyze Secondary Data

Secondary data analysis is divided into stages that include events before, during, and after
data collection. These stages are as follows:

Statement of Purpose
You would like to comprehend your statement of aim before gathering secondary data for
analysis. That is, a clear understanding of why you are collecting data—the ultimate goal of
the study effort and how this data will aid in achieving it. This will steer your approach
toward gathering the necessary facts and picking the easiest data source and technique of
investigation.

Research Design
The research design is a documented plan outlining how the research activities will be
carried out. It outlines the sort of knowledge to be gathered, the sources of that knowledge,
the technique of knowledge gathering, the instruments, and even the method of study. A
study design might also include a time stamp for when each of those tasks will be carried
out. As a result, it serves as a guide for secondary data analysis. After determining the
purpose of the study, the researcher should devise a search strategy that will lead the
information analysis process.

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Developing the Research Questions

It is not enough to simply understand the study aim; you need also construct research
questions that will aid in the identification of secondary data. This is frequently due to the
fact that they are frequently a pool of information to choose from, and asking the
appropriate questions can aid in gathering real data. For example, a researcher attempting to
collect data on the simplest fish feeds to permit rapid development in fish will need to ask
questions such as, what kind of fish is considered? Is the data intended to be quantitative or
qualitative? What is the composition of the fish feed? the rate of growth of fish after feeding
on it, and so forth.

Identifying Secondary Data

Researchers utilize the research questions as a guide to locate relevant data from the
information repository after generating them. A researcher, for example, can filter
qualitative data if the sort of knowledge to be obtained is qualitative. The appropriate
secondary data will be the one that appropriately answers the issues raised above. When
attempting to solve an applied mathematics issue, for example, the solutions will be integers
that fulfill both the aim and hence the restrictions. Any answer that does not satisfy both, is
not an answer.

Evaluating Secondary Data

This stage is sometimes referred to as the "real data analysis stage" since it is where the
actual analysis takes place. The steps outlined above, on the other hand, are a part of the
information analysis process since they impact how the analysis is conducted. Once a
dataset that looks promising in answering the basic requirements described above is
discovered, the next stage in the process is to evaluate the dataset to ensure its suitability for
the study subject. The information is assessed to ensure that it truly covers the topic
statement and answers the research questions. Following that, depending on the type of
information, it will be assessed using either the quantitative or qualitative technique
(Blog, 2022).

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3.6.2. Data Collection Method

This section discusses data collecting research methodologies and approaches. As a

quantitative study has been completed, the researcher does not take the time to collect data.
The researcher conducted this investigation using both primary and secondary data. The
organized quiz gathers fundamental information. Remote working is a research topic in
WSO2 technologies that focuses on the factors that influence the productivity of company
operations when working remotely.

3.6.3. Data Collection and Analyze Tools

The data for this study was gathered using a Google form. The data is then evaluated by
SPSS at this point. IBM SPSS® Statistics is a capable statistical software platform. It has an
easy-to-use interface and a robust collection of capabilities that allow your business to
swiftly extract relevant insights from your data. Advanced statistical processes aid in
ensuring decision correctness and quality. From data preparation and management through
analysis and reporting, all aspects of the analytics lifecycle are covered.

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3.6.4. Questionnaire structure

Variable Indicators Measurement Mean STD. Median

Deviation
Remote Q1: Do you believe you Questioner 4.3333 .71255 4.6667
Working have a good work-life
balance while working
remotely?
Q2: Are you as productive
at home as you are at
office?
Q3: Do you achieve your
daily job targets when
working remotely?
Digital Q1: Do you have all of the Questioner 4.1250 0.556998 4.3333
Infrastructure necessary equipment and
remote tools to do your
task to the best of your
ability?
Q2: Do you have the
proper setting (for
example, a peaceful and
distraction-free room) to be
productive when working
remotely?
Q3: Do you feel connected
to your coworkers when
working remotely?
Employee Q1: Are there any obstacles Questioner 4.309211 .57812 4.6667
Training that must be overcome in
order to reach your goals?
Q2: Did your company
gain support for tasks?
Q3: Could the organization
do anything to further
assist its employees?
Employee Q1: Do you believe that Questioner 4.4123 0.784073 4.666667
Productivity remote working affects
employee productivity?
Q2: Do you believe that
digital infrastructure affects
staff productivity?
Q3: Do you believe that
staff training has an effect
on employee productivity?
Q4: Do you believe that
employee well-being
affects employee
productivity?

Table 3 Questionnaire structure

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3.6.5. Data Storage

While performing research, project data will be preserved and used for simple access to
study information and data on mobile phones and PCs. Interviews with participants will be
documented in document format, and research information and data kept on my mobile and
computers will be utilized to have a laptop and mobile phone available at all times. After the
study project is done and finalized, the data will be saved on the ESoft metro college lecture
panel access LMS at the Colombo branch. For longer than a month, the information will be
preserved in the form of a Microsoft Word document. The data and information acquired
are stored in one Google Drive. In the meanwhile, these data need be evaluated in order to
draw conclusions from them. This data was transferred to the laptop computer for this
reason. The researcher also left his own USB pen drive since he wants to show the
processed data to the teacher.

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3.7. Target population and sampling

3.7.1 Target Population

The research population's target population is the group of people on whom the researcher
intends to conduct research and draw conclusions. The research's target demographic is all
WSO2 technologies personnel.

3.7.2 Sampling

The sample population is the precise group from which the researcher will gather data for
the study. Because it is impractical to gather and evaluate data from such a vast population
contained in the target population, the sample size is less than the target population. The
departments chosen are listed below, along with the number of staff.

Department No of employees
HR 100
Administration 50
Quality Assurance 2000
Research & Development 3250
Accounting 300
Project Management 500
Sales & Marketing 800

Table 4 Sampling

According to the Morgan table, there are 7000 individuals working in the following
departments, and the sample size is 150. The sample is distributed proportionately among
all departments. The samples that have been assigned are as follows.

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3.8. The selection of participants

Department No of employees
HR 100
Administration 50
Quality Assurance 2000
Research & Development 3250
Accounting 300
Project Management 500
Sales & Marketing 800
Table 5 The selection of participants

The employees fill out this Google form using the sample procedure explained before. The
researcher will choose 150 people to participate in the study.

3.9. Reliability, Validity, and Generalizability

Generalizability is sometimes described as the application of research findings from a

sample to the complete population; it also suggests that the findings of one study are
transferrable to another similar circumstance. The generalizability and transferability of
research are two associated research properties.

When considering generalizability in research, there are two qualities or dimensions to

consider:

Because it is said to the specific group on whom the research is done, generalizability; and
universal application. If the researcher does the study on the complete population, the
results will be extremely generalizable because the research was done on the entire
population. However, in research, this is frequently difficult. Because the researcher
performs study on a sample, absolute generalizability is hard to achieve. To obtain absolute
generalizability, the research problem must be reviewed with the entire population.
Studying the entire population is not feasible due to time constraints and a lack of resources.
When you investigate a sample, you reach an agreement and a compromise between the
level of research and the possibility of doing research.

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There are tools and methods you may use to ensure that you have picked the appropriate
sample size and that the sample is representative of the full population. You cannot make an
absolute assertion that your sample is entirely representable, but you may demonstrate the
likelihood of representation using statistical approaches (Research? 2019).

The survey was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although it is unknown where
the respondents live, it is clear from their responses that they live in nations with quite
diverse pandemic limitations and bans, such as open vs closed schools and partial vs
complete lockdowns. Their responses were highly influenced by their particular
circumstances, which changed rapidly before they could adjust. Even if the same questions
were repeated the next day, the answers might not be the same due to the respondents'
attitude, changes in circumstances, job load, family concerns, and so on. As a result, from
this standpoint, dependability is a difficulty in this study.

3.10. Ethical issues of the research study

This survey did not collect any personal information from the respondents and all the
respondents remained anonymous. All received data was handled in such a manner that no
unauthorized person could access it. The study ensured confidentiality, anonymity, and no
traceability. Before agreeing to participate in the study, respondents were informed about
the goal of the survey. Participation was entirely optional, and no inducement was provided.
Before answering the questions, the respondents supplied informed permission and were
told that they had the option to withdraw from the research at any moment.

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CHAPTER 4 - PRESENTATION OF RESULTS

4.1. Demographic Analysis

4.1.1 Department distribution of employee

Out of the 151 employees, 21.9% work in the Research & Development department, while
19.9% work in the Quality Assurance department. These departments rely heavily on this
WSO2 technology.

4.1.2 Age group of the employee

The employment rate for a certain age group is calculated by dividing the number of
employed persons of a given age by the total number of people in the same age group.
Employed persons are those aged 20 and above who report working in gainful employment
for at least one hour in the preceding week or who had a job but were absent from work
during the reference week while on a formal job attachment. The employment rates for five
age groups are displayed. In this WSO2, the majority of employees (43.7%) are between the
ages of 20 and 30.

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4.1.3 Civil status of the employee

In the WSO2 technology, married employees make up 53.6% of the workforce, while
unmarried personnel make up 46.4%.

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Reliability of the Measures

Variable Items Cronbach’s Status

Alpha Value

03 0.857 Good
Remote working

Digital Transformation 03 0.650 Good

Training 03 0.753 Good

Wellbeing 03 0.827 Good

Employee Productivity 03 0.911 Good

The table highlighted that all of the independent and dependent variables' Cronbach's Alpha
values are more than 0.6. As a result, each variable can be understood as dependable (Refer
to Appendix C).

The validity of the Measures

Variable KMO Bartlett’s Test of Factors Status

Values Sphericity Values

0.711 0.000 03 Excellent

Remote Working
Digital Transformation 0.638 0.000 03 Excellent

Training 0.644 0.000 03 Excellent

Wellbeing 0.640 0.000 03 Excellent

Employee Productivity 0.709 0.000 03 Excellent

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Remote working, digital transformation, training and welfare, and staff productivity are all
strong KMO values. Because the greatest KMO value is 0.711, all four variables have
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity values less than 0.005. As a result, all of the factors are
overemphasized. (Refer to Appendix D).

4.2. Correlation Analysis

Correlation analysis is a statistical technique for determining the strength of a link between
two quantitative variables. A high correlation indicates that two or more variables are
strongly associated, whereas a low correlation indicates that the variables are hardly related.
In other words, it is the process of determining the strength of that link using statistical data.
This approach is similar to linear regression analysis, which is a statistical tool for modeling
the connection between a dependent variable, known as a response, and one or more
explanatory or independent factors. In this study, correlation analysis is also shown below.

Value Relationship

0.5 – 1 Strong Positive Relationship

0 – 0.5 Moderate Positive Relationship

0 No Relationship

0 – (-0.5) Moderate Negative Relationship

(-0.5) – (-1) Strong Negative Relationship

Variable Pearson p-value Status Correlation

Correlation
Coefficient
Remote working 0.695 0.000 strong positive Significant
relationship

Digital 0.682 0.000 strong positive Significant

Transformation relationship

Training 0.772 0.000 strong positive Significant

relationship

Wellbeing 0.799 0.000 strong positive Significant

relationship

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As a result, the correlation analysis revealed that the independent and dependent variables
have a strongly positive association. In addition to the p value indicating that it is less than
0.005, it elaborates that less than 0.005 indicates that the variables are substantially
correlated with variables.

4.2.1. RO1

RO1: To evaluate the impact of remote working on staff productivity at WSO2

Technologies during the COVID 19.

According to the aforementioned correlation analysis, the Pearson Correlation for the
significant association between remote working on workers is 0.695, indicating that there is
a substantial positive relationship between remote working and employee productivity
during COVID 19 at WSO2 Technologies.

4.2.2. RO2

RO2: To evaluate the impact of digital transformation on staff productivity at WSO2

Technologies during COVID 19.

According to the above correlation analysis, the Pearson Correlation for the significant
relationship between digital transformation and employee productivity is 0.682, indicating
that there is a strong positive relationship between digital transformation and employee
productivity during the COVID 19 at WSO2 Technologies.

4.2.3. RO3

RO3: To evaluate the impact of training on staff productivity at WSO2 Technologies during
COVID 19.

According to the aforementioned correlation study, the Pearson Correlation for the
significant association between training and employee productivity is 0.772, indicating that
there is a substantial positive relationship between training and employee productivity
during the COVID 19 at WSO2 Technologies.

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4.2.4 RO4

RO4: To evaluate the influence of staff well-being on productivity at WSO2 Technologies

during COVID 19.

According to the aforementioned correlation study, the Pearson Correlation for the
significant association between wellbeing and employee is 0.799, indicating that there is a
strong positive relationship between wellbeing and employee productivity at WSO2
Technologies during the COVID 19.

4.3. Regression Analysis

Regression analysis is a collection of numerical processes used to estimate relationships

between a dependent variable and one of the independent variables. (CFI, 2021). The major
goal of this study, according to the research study, is to analyze how effectively employees
function under Covid-19 situations when working remotely. A conclusion that would assist
the WSO2 technologies in establishing their standard and procedure would be
advantageous.", the researcher should ensure that there is a substantial association between
the variables that are used in remote working.

Significance Value <=

0.05 – There is Significance Value>
significance 0.05 – There is no any
relationship between significance value
variables between the variables

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4.3.1. RO1

RO1: To evaluate the impact of remote working on staff productivity at

WSO2 Technologies during the COVID 19.

Variables Entered/Removed
Method
Mode Variables Variables
l Entered Removed
1 . Enter
Remote
working mean

a. Dependent Variable: Employee Productivity mean

a. Dependent Variable: Employee Productivity

b. All requested variables entered.

Model Summary

M R R Adjusted Std. Change Statistics Durbin-

od Squa R Error of Watson
the df1 df2 Sig. F
el re Square R F
Estimate
Change
Square Chan
Change ge
1 .695 .484 .480 .56532 .484 1 150 .000 1.957
a
140.4
72
a. Predictors: (Constant), Remote working mean

b. Dependent Variable: Employee Productivity mean

ANOVA
Model of df Mean Square F Sig.
Sum
Squares
1
Regression 44.893 1 44.893 140.472 .000b
Residual 47.938 150 .320
Total 92.830 151
a. Dependent Variable: Employee Productivity mean
b. Predictors: (Constant), Remote working mean

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Coefficients
Model Unstandardized Standardized t Sig.
Coefficients Coefficients

B Std. Error Beta

1 (Constant) 1.096 .284 3.867 .000

Remote working mean .765 .065 .695 11.852 .000

a. Dependent Variable: Employee Productivity mean

The model summary indicates a R Square Value of 0.484, indicating a 48.4% association
between remote working and employee productivity at WSO2 Technologies during COVID
19. The significant value in the ANOVA table is.000, indicating that there is a substantial
association between remote working and employee productivity at WSO2 Technologies
during COVID 19.

4.3.2. RO2

RO2: To evaluate the impact of digital transformation on staff productivity at WSO2

Technologies during COVID 19.

Variables Entered/Removed
Method
Mode Variables Variables
l Entered Removed
1 . entered
Digital
Transformatio
n mean

a. Dependent Variable: Employee Productivity mean

Model Summary
Model R R Square Std. Error of
Adjusted R the
Square Estimate

1 .682a .464 .461 .57568

a. Predictors: (Constant), Digital Transformation mean

b. Dependent Variable: Employee Productivity mean

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ANOVA
Model of df Mean Square F Sig.
Sum
Squares
1
Regression 43.119 1 43.119 130.108 .000b
Residual 49.711 150 .331
Total 92.830 151
a. Dependent Variable: Employee Productivity mean
b. Predictors: (Constant), Digital Trasformation mean

Coefficients
Model Unstandardized t Sig.
Coefficients Standardiz
ed
Coefficient
s
B Std. Error Beta
1
(Constant) .455 .350 1.299 .196
.959 .084 .682 .000
Digital 11.40
Transformation mean 6

a. Dependent Variable: Employee Productivity mean

The model summary indicates a R Square Value of.464, indicating a 46.4% association
between the digital transformation and employee productivity at WSO2 Technologies during
COVID 19. The significant value in the ANOVA table is.000. That substantial figure
indicates that there is a considerable association between digital transformation and staff
productivity at WSO2 Technologies during COVID 19.

4.3.3. RO3

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RO3: To evaluate the impact of training on staff productivity at WSO2 Technologies during
COVID 19.

Variables Entered/Removed
Method
Mode Variables Variables
l Entered Removed
1 . Entered

Training mean

a. Dependent Variable: Employee Productivity mean

Model Summary
Model R R Square R
Adjusted Std. Error of the
Square Estimate

1 .772a .596 .593 .49997

a. Predictors: (Constant), Training mean

b. Dependent Variable: Employee Productivity mean

ANOVA
Model of df Mean Square F Sig.
Sum
Squares
1
Regression 55.335 1 55.335 221.367 .000b
Residual 37.495 150 .250
Total 92.830 151
a. Dependent Variable: Employee Productivity mean
b. Predictors: (Constant), Training mean

Coefficients

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Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized t Sig.

Coefficients

B Std. Error Beta

1 (Constant) -.100 .306 -.327 .744

1.047 .070 .772 14.878 .000

Training mean
a. Dependent Variable: Employee Productivity mean

The R Square Value in the model summary is.596, indicating that there is a 59.6% degree of
association between the training, and the ANOVA table reveals a significant value of.000.
This substantial figure indicates that there is a considerable association between training and
staff productivity at WSO2 Technologies during the COVID 19.

4.3.4. RO4

RO4: To evaluate the influence of staff well-being on productivity at WSO2 Technologies

during COVID 19.

Variables Entered/Removed
Method
Mode Variables Variables
l Entered Removed
1 . Entered
Wellbeing
mean

a. Dependent Variable: Employee Productivity mean

Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R Std. Error of the
Square Estimate

1 .799a .639 .637 .47266

a. Predictors: (Constant), Wellbeing mean

b. Dependent Variable: Employee Productivity mean

ANOVA

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Model of df Mean Square F Sig.

Sum
Squares
1
Regression 59.319 1 59.319 265.522 .000b
Residual 33.511 150 .223
Total 92.830 151
a. Dependent Variable: Employee Productivity mean
b. Predictors: (Constant), Wellbeing mean

Coefficients
Model Unstandardized t Sig.
Standardize
Coefficients
d
Coefficients
B Std. Error Beta
1
(Constant) .497 .243 2.044 .043
.890 .055 .799 16.295 .000
Wellbeing
mean
a. Dependent Variable: Employee Productivity mean

The R Square Value in the model summary is.639, indicating a 63.9% association between
the components. The significant value in the ANOVA table is.000. This large figure
indicates that there is a considerable association between employee welfare and productivity
at WSO2 Technologies during the COVID 19.

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Hypotheses Testing

Three possibilities have been developed by the researcher. The researcher can put the
hypothesis to the test using stepwise correlation analysis. The hypothesis may be tested
using the p-value (sig level) and B coefficient. To accept the hypothesis, the p-value should
be equal to or less than 0.05 at the 95% confidence interval, and the B coefficient should be
positive. If the hypothesis is unable to meet the aforementioned conditions, it is not
supported.

Coefficients
Model Unstandardized Coefficients t Sig.
Standardized
Coefficients
B Std. Error Beta

1
(Constant) .594 .275 2.158 .033
Remote working mean .178 .072 .162 2.463 .001

.165 .094 .117 1.754 .002

Digital Transformation
mean
Training mean .356 .103 .262 3.448 .001

Wellbeing mean .460 .080 .413 5.733 .000

a. Dependent Variable: Employee Productivity mean

No Hypothesis p-value b-value Result

H1 There is relationship between 0.001 0.178 Accepted
remote working and employee’s
productivity at of IT on WSO2
Technologies

H2 There is relationship digital 0.002 0.165 Accepted

infrastructure employee
productivity at of IT due to
remote working on WSO2
technologies.

H3 There is relationship training 0.001 0.356 Accepted

infrastructure and employee
productivity at of IT due to
remote working on WSO2
technologies.

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H4 There is relationship employee 0.000 0.460 Accepted

wellbeing and employee
productivity at of IT due to
remote working WSO2
technologies

Regression Equation

Y1=β0+ β1X1+ β1X2+ β1X3+ β1X4+e

Y (Employee Productivity) = 0.594+0.178RM+0.165DT+0.356T+0.460W

Y1 = Employee Productivity

β0= Intercept

X1= Remote working

X2= Digital Transformation

X3=

Training

X4=Well

being e =

Error

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CHAPTER 5 - CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1. Conclusion

More individuals are expected to be available to work if the "cost" of working is reduced by
skipping the commute. More work opportunities should be made available to people who
face barriers to entering the labor force. Professionals, parents with young children, certain
persons with disabilities, and those who live in distant or regional locations with less career
opportunities are all included. Policies that encourage remote work can also assist to
develop a more gender-balanced workforce. Telecommuting can have an influence on
work-life balance, family harmony, and physical and mental health, to name a few aspects
of well-being. It may also generate opportunities for people who have barriers to joining the
workforce or working full-time, such as those with caregiving responsibilities or
disabilities. Working from home has the potential to have a variety of health consequences.
Working from home can benefit people's physical and mental health since it frees up more
time for them to exercise, sleep, prepare nutritious meals, or engage in other health-
promoting activities. However, it can have an impact on physical and mental health owing
to decreased incidental activity, loneliness, and the blurring of the lines dividing home and
work, which may push individuals to work longer hours than expected or work at times
when they would otherwise spend having fun.

5.1.1. RO1

RO1: To evaluate the impact of remote working on staff productivity at

WSO2 Technologies during the COVID 19.

According to the Regression Data Analysis, this researcher discovered that there is a 48.4%
amount of association between remote working on employee productivity during the
COVID 19 at WSO2 Technologies. (Significant value is 0.000 according to the ANOVA
Table), between WSO2 Technologies' remote working and employee productivity. As a
result, according to research question 1 (RQ1), Does remote working effect employee
productivity during COVID 19 at WSO2 Technologies. Because there is a substantial
association between those variables, the researcher discovered that remote working can
influence employee productivity. Under the Hypothesis developed within the research

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study's literature review, the researcher accepted H1 1 (There is a relationship between

remote working and employee productivity at IT on WSO2 Technologies) and rejected HO
1 (There is no relationship between remote working and employee productivity at IT on
WSO2 Technologies).

5.1.2. RO2

RO2: To evaluate the impact of digital transformation on staff productivity at WSO2

Technologies during COVID 19.

According to the Regression Data Analysis, this researcher discovered a 46.4% amount of
association between digital transformation and employee productivity during the COVID 19
at WSO2 Technologies. (Significant value is 0.000 according to the ANOVA Table),
between the digital transformation working and staff productivity at WSO2 Technologies.
As a result, according to research question 2 (RQ2), it asks Does the digital transformation
effect employee productivity during the COVID 19 at WSO2 Technologies. because those
factors have a substantial link. Under the Hypothesis developed within the research study's
literature review, the researcher accepted H2 1 (There is a relationship between digital
transformation and employee productivity at IT on WSO2 Technologies) and rejected HO 2
(There is no relationship between digital transformation and employee productivity at IT on
WSO2 Technologies).

5.1.3. RO3

RO3: To evaluate the impact of training on staff productivity at WSO2 Technologies during
COVID 19.

According to the Regression Data Analysis, this researcher determined that 59.6% of the
association between training and employee productivity during the COVID 19 at WSO2
Technologies was significant. (Significant value is 0.000 according to the ANOVA Table),
between WSO2 Technologies' training working and staff productivity. As a result,
according to research question 3 (RQ3), Does training influence employee productivity
during COVID 19 at WSO2 Technologies. because those factors have a substantial link.

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Under the Hypothesis developed within the research study's literature review, the researcher
accepted H3 1 (There is a relationship between Training employee's productivity at of IT on
WSO2 Technologies) and rejected HO 3 (There is no relationship between Training
employee's productivity at of IT on WSO2 Technologies).

5.1.4. RO4

RO4: To evaluate the influence of staff well-being on productivity at WSO2 Technologies

during COVID 19.

According to the Regression Data Analysis, this researcher discovered that 63.9% of the
association between wellbeing and employee productivity during the COVID 19 at WSO2
Technologies was significant. (Significant value is 0.000 according to the ANOVA Table),
between employee productivity and wellbeing at WSO2 Technologies. As a result,
according to research question 4 (RQ4), it asks Does employee wellness effect productivity
during COVID 19 at WSO2 Technologies. since there is a substantial association between
those factors. Under the Hypothesis developed within the research study's literature review,
the researcher accepted H4 1 (There is a relationship between wellbeing and employee
productivity at WSO2 Technologies) and rejected HO 4 (There is no relationship between
wellbeing and employee productivity at WSO2 Technologies).

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5.2. Recommendations

Working from home is clearly not an option for many people, and it may not even be their
wish. In fact, the outbreak may have exposed how some jobs are not fit for remote labor.
Aside from the immediate pandemic context, the insights learnt from working from home
during COVID-19 might help develop flexible work practices in the post-crisis period. In
this section, we highlight three lessons for managers and employees to utilize in the future.
Our findings may, first and foremost, help firms and managers handle remote work
effectively. Because of the literature's predominantly positive view of remote employment,
managers may neglect the need to consider how flexible workers' jobs are designed.

Training and well-being are often recognized as critical and important skills for attaining
remote working effectiveness because they allow remote employees to mitigate the negative
effects of the digitalization revolution. As previously said, digitalization was simply used as
a criterion to choose the best candidates for remote work because, traditionally, only a tiny
number of workers have had the luxury of doing so.

"Discover innovative methods to manage..., build unique career pathways, and put in place
adequate support systems for teleworkers," organizations and managers should do. The
current study's findings revealed the importance of virtual work features. Our findings
suggest that managers may boost remote workers' productivity and well-being by
implementing high-quality remote work, while more research is needed in this area. When
flexible work practices are established, managers may use the work design viewpoint to
build better remote job designs today and in the future. Developing monitoring systems, for
example, might cost managers a lot of money.

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5.3. Limitations

While conducting the research, the researcher encountered many constraints. They can be
referred to as:
The Researcher did not collect personal information from persons who had expertise of
home automation when collecting feedback. It is a constraint. If we get personal information
for research purposes, we can boost the value, but we must guarantee them that their
personal information is secure. For example, we may refer to the Data Protection Act of
2018. Another concern was the time constraint. As a result, more time was spent gathering
feedback and doing other tasks. As a result, there was no time to obtain more feedback.
because this study document must be submitted on schedule. The information for this study
came from only one source. As a result, it is impossible to draw broad conclusions because
it only uses their data. Because it is perceived as a constraint.

5.4. Future Improvements

5.5. Personnel Reflection

As a researcher, there were several advantages to doing this study. Here are a few examples.
Researchers have learnt, step by step, how to do proper study. Working using that method.
It is a life-changing event for students. In addition, the researcher learnt what research is,
how to do it, and how to work and build upon it. Furthermore, doing this task in a timely
manner was a rewarding experience. It is a prevalent feature in both ordinary life and any
professional business. This was an excellent preparation for the researcher. Furthermore,
this will allow the researcher to gather information in the future and expand on this
research.

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Referencing

A, P., & M, B. (2001). The impacts of telecommuting on organizations and individuals: A

review of the literature. Telecommuting and virtual offices: Issues and opportunities,
163-185.
Amaratunga, D., Fernando, N., Haigh, R., & Jayasinghe, N. (2020). The COVID-19
outbreak in Sri Lanka: A synoptic analysis focusing on trends, impacts, risks and
science-policy interaction processes. Prog Disaster Sci.
Blog, F. (2022). What is Primary Data? . Retrieved 05 13, 2022,
from
https://www.formpl.us/blog/primary-data
Blog, F. (2022). What is Secondary Data? . Retrieved 05 13, 2022,
from
https://www.formpl.us/blog/secondary-data
Bryman, A. (2012). Social Research Methods (4th Edition ed.). New York : Oxford
University Press.
CFI. (2021). CFI. Retrieved 01 08, 2021, from
https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/finance/regressionanaly
sis/
Crosbie, T., & Moore, J. (2004). Work–life Balance and Working from Home. Social Policy
and Society, 223-233.
Golden , T. D., & Veiga, J. F. (2005). The Impact of Extent of Telecommuting on Job
Satisfaction: Resolving Inconsistent Findings. SAGE Journal.
Panchal, N., Kamal, R., Cox, C., & Garfield, R. (2021). The Implications of COVID-19 for
Mental Health and Substance Use.
Research?, W. i. (2019). What is Generalizability in Research? Retrieved 05 13, 2022, from
http://researcharticles.com/index.php/generalizability-research/
Saunders, M. N., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2019). Research Methods For Business
Students (Eight ed.). New York: Pearson.
Singh, M. K., & Kumar, V. (2020). Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Working Culture:
An exploratory research among information technology (IT) professionals in
Bengaluru, Karnataka (India). Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture &
Technology, 3176 - 3184.

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Annexures

Annexures A: Questionnaire

Figure 4 Questionnaire

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Annexures B: Correlation Table

Correlations
Training Wellbeing
Digital mean mean
Remote Employee
working Trasformat Productivi
mean ion mean ty mean
Remote 1 .675** .679** .670** .695**
working Pearson
mean Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000
N 152 152 152 152 152
Digital .675** 1 .706** .654** .682**
Pearson
Transformation mean
Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000
N 152 152 152 152 152
Training mean .679** .706** 1 .768** .772**
Pearson
Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000
N 152 152 152 152 152
Wellbeing mean .670** .654** .768** 1 .799**
Pearson
Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000
N 152 152 152 152 152
Employee .695** .682** .772** .799** 1
Pearson
Productivity mean
Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000
N 152 152 152 152 152
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

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Annexures C: Reliability of the Measures.

Remote working

Reliability Statistics
N of Items
Cronbach's
Alpha

.857 3

Digital Transformation

Reliability Statistics
N of Items
Cronbach's
Alpha

.650 3

Training

Reliability Statistics
N of Items
Cronbach's
Alpha

.753 3

Wellbeing

Reliability Statistics
N of Items
Cronbach's
Alpha

.827 3

Employee Productivity

Reliability Statistics
N of Items
Cronbach's
Alpha

.911 3

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Annexures D: The validity of the Measures

Remote working

KMO and Bartlett's Test

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .711

Bartlett's Test of
Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 214.218

df 3

Sig. .000

Digital Transformation

KMO and Bartlett's Test

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .638

Bartlett's Test of
Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 62.921

df 3

Sig. .000

Training

KMO and Bartlett's Test

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .644

Bartlett's Test of
Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 121.115

df 3

Sig. .000

Wellbeing

KMO and Bartlett's Test

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .640

Bartlett's Test of
Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 221.493

df 3

Sig. .000

Employee Productivity

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KMO and Bartlett's Test

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .709

Bartlett's Test of
Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 354.147

df 3

Sig. .000

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