Sans1411 1
Sans1411 1
ISBN 978-0-626-20846-2
SANS 1411-1:2008
Edition 2.1
Part 1: Conductors
SANS 1411-1:2008
Edition 2.1
Table of changes
Change No. Date Scope
Amdt 1 2008 Amended to change the designation of SABS standards to SANS
standards with no technical changes.
Foreword
This South African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA TC 66, Electric cables,
in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the
WTO/TBT agreement.
SANS 1411 consists of the following parts, under the general title Materials of insulated electric
cables and flexible cords:
Part 1 – Conductors.
Part 3 – Elastomers.
Part 6 – Armour.
SANS 1411-1:2008
Edition 2.1
Contents
Page
Foreword
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................. 3
3 Definitions .......................................................................................................................... 4
4 Requirements .................................................................................................................... 5
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................. 21
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Edition 2.1
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Part 1:
Conductors
1 Scope
This part of SANS 1411 specifies requirements for copper and aluminium conductors used in
insulated electric cables and flexible cords.
It covers solid, stranded and flexible circular conductors, and solid and stranded shaped conductors
of the sizes included in various specifications for insulated electric cables and flexible cords
published by Standards South Africa.
It does not cover bare conductors for overhead transmission lines, conductors for
telecommunication or radio-frequency cables or conductors used as the supporting core in aerial
bundled conductor systems.
NOTE As this part of SANS 1411 covers only the conductor(s) of a finished cable or flexible cord, the quality
evaluation of such conductor(s) will form part of the quality evaluation of any consignment or lot of cable or
cord. Any sampling plans and criteria for compliance given in a standard that covers the cables or cords will,
therefore, apply to inspections and tests carried out in terms of this part of SANS 1411.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this part of SANS 1411. All standards are subject to revision and, since any reference
to a standard is deemed to be a reference to the latest edition of that standard, parties to
agreements based on this part of SANS 1411 are encouraged to take steps to ensure the use of the
most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Information on currently valid national and
international standards can be obtained from Standards South Africa.
ASTM B 298, Standard specification for silver-coated soft or annealed copper wire.
ASTM B 355, Standard specification for nickel-coated soft or annealed copper wire.
SANS 6282-1, Test methods for bare conductors and conductors of insulated electric cables –
Part 1: Conductor resistance.
SANS 6282-2, Test methods for bare conductors and conductors of insulated electric cables –
Part 2: Quality of metallic coatings.
SANS 6282-3, Test methods for bare conductors and conductors of insulated electric cables –
Part 3: Mechanical tests.
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3 Definitions
For the purposes of this part of SANS 1411, the following definitions apply:
3.1
acceptable
acceptable to the authorities administering this standard, or to the parties concluding the purchase
contract, as relevant
3.2
bunched conductor
flexible conductor in which the wires are assembled in helical formation, all in the same direction
and with the same length of lay
3.3
compacted conductor
stranded conductor, the overall diameter of which has been reduced by mechanical means
3.4
flexible conductor
uncompacted stranded conductor, made up of fine wires to increase its flexibility for use in non-fixed
wiring applications
3.5
metal coated
description of wire that is covered with a thin layer of another metal or metal alloy to improve its
solderability or its resistance to oxidation, particularly in high temperature applications
3.6
Milliken conductor
conductor made up of three or more compacted stranded segments, lightly insulated from each
other to reduce the a.c. resistance of the conductor
3.7
plain conductor
conductor made up of wires that are not metal coated
3.8
rope-stranded conductor
flexible conductor, that comprises a number of groups of wires, assembled in one or more helical
layers, the wires in each group being either bunched or stranded
3.9
sectoral conductor
circular conductor made up of four helically assembled solid aluminium segments
3.10
shaped conductor
conductor of non-circular cross-section
3.11
sector shaped conductor
shaped conductor, the cross-section of which approximates to a sector of a circle
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3.12
solid conductor
conductor that comprises a single wire, which may be either circular or shaped
3.13
stranded conductor
circular or shaped conductor made up of a number of wires twisted helically together
4 Requirements
4.1 Classification
A conductor shall be of one of the following classes:
a) Class 1 A solid conductor intended for use in cables for fixed installations.
b) Class 2 A stranded or compacted conductor, for use in cables for fixed installations.
d) Class 6 A conductor intended for use in flexible cables or cords, having greater flexibility than
that of a class 5 conductor.
4.2 Materials
4.2.1 General
c) plain aluminium.
4.2.2 Copper
Copper for conductors shall be in the form of plain annealed or plain hard-drawn wire. The wire
shall be unoxidized, smooth, uniform in quality and free from scale, spills, splits and other defects.
4.2.3 Aluminium
Aluminium for stranded conductors shall be in the form of plain hard, ¾ hard, or ½ hard (H, ¾ H, or
½ H) wire. The wire shall be smooth, uniform in quality and free from scale, spills, splits and other
defects. Aluminium for solid conductors shall, in the finished cable, be in a temper condition
corresponding to a maximum tensile strength of 80 MPa.
4.3.1 General
Conductors shall be clean and uniform in size and shape, with the surface free from sharp
protruding edges. There shall be no protruding broken wires.
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4.3.2 Joints
4.3.2.2 Any joint in a conductor or wire shall be made to an acceptable standard of workmanship,
and shall be such that it will not materially increase the dimensions of the individual wire, individual
bunch or the finished conductor, or impair the inherent flexibility of the conductor.
4.3.2.3 A joint involving all the wires in a stranded class 2 conductor shall be made to an
acceptable standard of workmanship, by separately joining each individual wire, with the individual
joints acceptably staggered.
4.3.2.4 Subject to the requirements given in 4.3.2.2 above, class 2 conductors of sizes up to and
2
including 16 mm , to be used in multicore cables with outer protection, may be butt-jointed by an
acceptable method.
4.3.2.7 Joints may be made to the wires within an individual bunch of a rope-stranded class 5 or
class 6 conductor, by grouping together up to seven wires at any one point. Such joints shall be
acceptably staggered.
4.3.2.8 There shall be not more than one joint involving all the wires or bunches of the conductor in
any 100 m length of conductor.
A solid aluminium conductor of size 25 mm2 to 300 mm2 (inclusive) shall be of circular cross-section
for a single-core cable and may be either circular or shaped for a multicore cable.
A sectoral conductor of size 280 mm2 to 1 200 mm2 (inclusive) for single-core cables, shall be of
circular cross-section, and shall consist of four solid sectors, each of the shape appropriate for a
four-core cable, helically laid up and acceptably bound.
The wires in each non-compacted stranded conductor shall all be of the same nominal size.
The number of wires in a non-compacted stranded conductor shall not be less than the appropriate
minimum number given in table 2. No minimum number is quoted for conductors in the range
1 200 mm2 to 2 000 mm2.
Compacted circular or shaped conductors shall comprise plain or metal-coated annealed copper
wires or plain aluminium wires.
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The number of wires in a compacted stranded conductor shall not be less than the appropriate
minimum number given in table 2. No minimum number is quoted for conductors in the range
1 200 mm2 to 2 000 mm2.
The wires in a flexible conductor shall all be of the same nominal size.
The diameter of the wires in a flexible conductor shall not exceed the appropriate maximum
diameter given in column 2 of table 3 for class 5 conductors or in column 2 of table 4 for class 6
conductors.
The elongation at break, determined in accordance with 5.4.1, of a solid annealed copper conductor
shall not be less than the appropriate minimum value given in table 7.
4.5.3 Tensile strength of aluminium, aluminium alloy and hard-drawn copper wires
When tin-coated copper wires are tested in accordance with 5.5.1, the mass of copper dissolved
shall not exceed the appropriate value given in table 6.
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b) 5.5.2.2, the mass of the silver coating shall be at least 2,5 % of the total mass of the wire.
b) 5.5.3.2, the specimens shall show no signs of cracking or flaking of the coating, and
c) 5.5.3.3, the mass of the nickel coating shall be at least 4 % of the total mass of the wire.
NOTE Compliance with this part of SANS 1411 can be assessed only on specimens removed from a finished
cable or cord.
5.2 Dimensions
From a sample of flexible conductors, take at random 10 % of the wires, or five wires, whichever is
the greater, and determine the maximum diameter of the wire, using a vernier micrometer
graduated in 0,002 mm intervals.
5.4.3 Tensile properties (aluminium, aluminium alloy and hard-drawn copper wires)
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1 2 3 4
6 3,08 3,11 –
10 1,83 1,84 –
16 1,15 1,16 1,91b
25 – – 1,20
35 – – 0,868
50 – – 0,641
70 – – 0,443
95 – – 0,320
120 – – 0,253
150 – – 0,206
185 – – 0,164
240 – – 0,125
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Maximum resistance of
Minimum number of wires
conductor at 20 °C
in conductor
Ω/km
Conductor
size Circular
Shaped Annealed copper
Circular conductor
conductor conductora
mm 2 conductor (compacted) Aluminium
(non- conductor
Metal-
compacted) Plain
Cu Al Cu Al coated
wires
wires
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1 2 3 4
Conductor Maximum Maximum resistance of
size diameter conductor at 20 °C
of wires in Ω/km
conductor
Metal-coated
2 Plain wires
mm mm wires
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1 2 3 4
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1 2
Temperature t of
conductor at time of
Correction factor kt
measurement
(all conductors)
°C
5 1,064
6 1,059
7 1,055
8 1,050
9 1,046
10 1,042
11 1,037
12 1,033
13 1,029
14 1,025
15 1,020
16 1,016
17 1,012
18 1,008
19 1,004
20 1,000
21 0,996
22 0,992
23 0,988
24 0,984
25 0,980
26 0,977
27 0,973
28 0,969
29 0,965
30 0,962
NOTE The values of the correction factor kt are based on a
resistance-temperature coefficient of 0,004/°C at 20 °C.
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1 2 3
mm mm g/m2
0,149 0,510 5
0,510 3,200 3
1 2 3
Diameter of wire
Minimum
Up to and elongation
Above
including
mm mm %
– 0,14 6
0,14 0,21 9
0,21 0,51 13
0,51 1,36 18
1,36 – 23
1 2 3
Conductor material
Hard-drawn copper of
Minimum tensile
diameter
strength
Up to and
Above
including
mm mm MPa
– 1,25 370
1,25 2,00 360
2,00 3,15 350
3,15 – 340
Aluminium 100
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Annex A
(informative)
where
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Annex B
(informative)
The following tables are included as a guide to the likely maximum diameters of solid circular,
compacted stranded circular, uncompacted stranded circular and flexible conductors.
Tables of dimensions for solid aluminium shaped 2-core, 3-core and 4-core conductors are also
given.
Table B.1 Maximum diameters of solid circular class 1 conductors, compacted and uncompacted
stranded circular class 2 conductors and flexible circular conductors of class 5 and
class 6
Table B.1 is based on dimensions provided by members of the Association of Electric Cable
Manufacturers of South Africa.
Tables B.2, B.3 and B.4 are based on dimensions given in BS 3988.
1 2 3 4 5
Conductor Solid circular Compacted Uncompacted Flexible
size class 1 stranded stranded circular class 5 or 6
circular class 2 circular class 2
mm2 mm mm mm mm
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Conductor Depth (D) Width (W) Nominal radii
size
Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Back (R) Corner (r)
2
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Conductor Depth (D) Width (W) Nominal radii
size
Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Back (R) Corner (r)
2
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
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SANS 1411-1:2008
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Conductor Depth (D) Width (W) Nominal radii
size
Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Back (R) Corner (r)
2
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
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Bibliography
BS 3988, Specification for wrought aluminium for electrical purposes – Solid conductors for
insulated cables.
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