Comprehensive Reviewer: Tech Math -
Physics Module 1
I. INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS
Physics is the study of matter, energy, space, and their interactions.
Known as the 'most basic science', it supports other disciplines like chemistry, biology,
and engineering.
II. IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICS IN DAILY LIFE
Physics concepts are found in: motion (speed, velocity), forces (push, pull, friction), and
natural phenomena (light, gravity, sound).
Examples from real life: car motion, light reflection, electricity, gears, orbit of planets.
III. MEASUREMENTS IN PHYSICS
Scientific measurement requires: (1) Definition of the physical quantity, (2) Appropriate
unit of measurement.
SI Units (International System of Units):
Length - meter (m), Mass - kilogram (kg), Time - second (s), Temperature - kelvin (K),
Amount of substance - mole (mol), Electric current - ampere (A), Luminous intensity -
candela (cd).
Derived quantities include Volume (m³), Density (kg/m³), Speed (m/s), Force (N),
Energy (J), Pressure (Pa).
IV. UNIT CONVERSION
Use the factor-label method to convert units.
Example: Convert 789 m to km: 789 m × (1 km / 1000 m) = 0.789 km.
V. SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
Used for very large or small numbers, format: M × 10^n.
M is between 1 and 10, n is the exponent.
Example: 0.000001 sec = 1 × 10^-6
VI. UNCERTAINTY, ACCURACY & PRECISION
Certain digits are exact; uncertain digits are estimated.
Accuracy: closeness to the true value. Precision: consistency of repeated measurements.
Variance measures how values deviate from the mean. Standard Deviation is the square
root of variance.
Standard Error of the Mean (SEM): SEM = SD / √n.
VII. GRAPHING DATA
Graph shows relationship between variables.
Independent Variable (x-axis): manipulated; Dependent Variable (y-axis): measured.
Slope (m) = Δy / Δx. Example: Using (25, 5) and (45, 9), slope = 0.2 cm/g.
Prediction: y = mx. For 60g: E = 0.2 × 60 = 12 cm.
VIII. SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION QUESTIONS
1. Base Units – Irreducible units for physical quantities.
2. Conversion – Process using multiplication/division by factors.
3. Scientific Notation – Decimal × power of 10.
4. Accuracy – Closeness to true value.
5. Graph – Visual representation of data.