Near -vous journey
in the nervous System
Levels organism
In a multicellular of Organization
levels are:
cells: basic unit of living organism
tissues: group of similar cells that perform
same function
organ: group of tissues that work together to
perform complex function (ex: sight)
organ system: group of organs that perform
closely related functions
• Nervous System • Endocrine System
•
Human Organ
Respiratory System • Systems
Lymphatic/Immune
System
• Digestive System
• Reproductive System
• Skeletal System
• Circulatory System
• Muscular System
• Excretory System
• Although each of the 10 organ systems
Body Systems Functions
has a different set of functions, they all
work together, as a whole, to maintain
homeostasis.
• The nervous system controls and
Nervous System
coordinates functions throughout the
body and responds to internal and
external stimuli
• Nearly all multicellular organisms have
communication systems
• Messages carried by nervous system
are electrical signals called impulses
• Cells that transmit these impulses are
called neurons (basic units of nervous
system)
• Sensory: CarryNeurons
impulses from sense
organs (eyes, ears, etc) to the spinal cord
and brain
• Motor: carry impulses from the brain and
spinal cord to muscles and glands
• Interneurons: connect sensory and motor
neurons and carry impulses between them
• Cell Body
Parts of a Neuron
– Largest part; contains nucleus and most of
cytoplasm
– Most metabolic activities occur here
• Dendrites
– Short, branched extensions
– Carry impulses from environment or other neuron
toward cell body
– Neurons can have several dendrites
• Axon
– Long fiber which carries impulses away from cell
body
– Ends in axon terminals, located a distance away
from cell body
– Neurons only have one axon
• Myelin Sheath
– Insulating membrane surrounding axon
Neuron
Nerve Impulse
• An impulse begins when a neuron is
stimulated by another neuron or the
environment
• Space between
Synapse
neurons
• Neurotransmitter
s are chemicals
used by neurons
to transmit an
impulse across
the synapse
• Divided into two major divisions:
Human Nervous System
– Central Nervous System
(CNS)
• Relays messages, processes
info and analyzes info
– Peripheral Nervous System
• Receives information from the
environment and relays
commands from the CNS to
organs and glands
• Brain
Central Nervous System
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain Stem
Thalamus and
hypothalamus
• Made of 50-100 billion neurons
Brain
• 4 lobes or regions
– Frontal Lobe- memory, judgment,
inhibitions, personality
– Temporal Lobe- Long term
memory, auditory processing
– Occipital Lobe- Vision
processing
– Parietal Lobe- Sensory
integration
• Main communications link
Spinal Cord
between the brain and the rest of
the body
• Certain kinds of info (reflexes) are
processed in spinal cord
• Reflex is a quick, automatic
response to a stimulus
– Sneezing and blinking
– Allows your body to respond to
danger immediately without
thinking
Peripheral Nervous System
• Lies outside of CNS
• Consists of all the nerves and cells that
are not a part of the brain or spinal cord
– Cranial nerves
– Spinal nerves
Peripheral Nervous System
Sensory division:
transmits impulses from sense organs to the
CNS
Motor division:
transmits impulses from CNS to muscles and
glands
1. somatic nervous system- regulates
conscious controlled activities
2. autonomic nervous system- regulates
activities that are automatic or involuntary
~Divided into sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous system
Another name for
nerve cell
The part of the
neuron that
brings information
to the cell body
The part of the
neuron that
takes information
away from the cell
body.
Is a chemical
substance that is
released from a nerve
cell and transmits an
impulse to its target.
The space between
neurons.
.
Serves as the main
processing center for
the entire Nervous
System.
.
Controls the posture,
balance and
coordination
.
Part of the brain
that controls
activity and
thoughts
.
Part of the brain that
controls function such
as breathing, digestion,
heart rate and blood
pressure
.
An organ located within
the skull that functions
as organizer and
distributor of
information for the
body
.
Serves as a channel
for signals between
the brain and the
rest of the body
.
The two main division
of the Peripheral
Nervous System
.
The two main divisions
of the autonomic
nervous system.
Contains all nerves
that extend outside
the brain and spinal
cord.
Is composed of cells,
tissue and organs that
regulate the body’s
responses to internal
and external stimuli
The process in which
organ system work to
maintain a stable
internal environment
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
SYSTEM
Cranial sympathetic
nerve
cerebrum cerebellum Brain Spinal
nerve parasympathetic
stem
Test the
brain
Write the letter of the
correct answer.
1. What are the two division of the Nervous
System?
a. Central Nervous System and Peripheral
Nervous System
b. Central Nervous System and Somatic Nervous
System
c. Peripheral Nervous System and Autonomic
Nervous System
d. Sympathetic Nervous System and
Parasympathetic Nervous System
2. Which of the following is NOT the
basic function of the Nervous
system?
a. Detects and senses stimuli
b.Respond to sensory stimuli
c. Sends signal rapidly between body
parts
d.Produce fluids such as plasma and
intestinal fluids
3. Which of the following is an
example of a basic nervous system
function?
a. Remembering a painful
experience
b.Sweating during yoga class
c. Learning English as a second
language
d.Feeling afraid of the dark
4. A veteran is admitted to the
hospital after sustaining a traumatic
brain injury. A magnetic resonance
image (MRI) shows significant damage
to the veteran’s cerebellum. The
damage would result in the difficulty
with which of the following function?
a. Regulation of temperature
b. Sensation of pain
c. Coordination of movement
d. Regulation of emotion
5. Migraine is a medical condition that causes
severe, reoccurring headache that may throb or
pulse. This is usually caused by stress, sleep
changes, drinks, medication and others. How will
you prevent migraine from occurring?
a. Eat healthy, regular meals and stay hydrated
b. Make sleep a priority
c. Get regular exercise
d. All of these
Test the
brain
Answers:
1. What are the two division of the Nervous
System?
a. Central Nervous System and Peripheral
Nervous System
b. Central Nervous System and Somatic Nervous
System
c. Peripheral Nervous System and Autonomic
Nervous System
d. Sympathetic Nervous System and
Parasympathetic Nervous System
2. Which of the following is NOT the
basic function of the Nervous
system?
a. Detects and senses stimuli
b.Respond to sensory stimuli
c. Sends signal rapidly between body
parts
d.Produce fluids such as plasma and
intestinal fluids
3. Which of the following is an
example of a basic nervous system
function?
a. Remembering a painful
experience
b.Sweating during yoga class
c. Learning English as a second
language
d.Feeling afraid of the dark
4. A veteran is admitted to the
hospital after sustaining a traumatic
brain injury. A magnetic resonance
image (MRI) shows significant damage
to the veteran’s cerebellum. The
damage would result in the difficulty
with which of the following function?
a. Regulation of temperature
b. Sensation of pain
c. Coordination of movement
d. Regulation of emotion
5. Migraine is a medical condition that causes
severe, reoccurring headache that may throb or
pulse. This is usually caused by stress, sleep
changes, drinks, medication and others. How will
you prevent migraine from occurring?
a. Eat healthy, regular meals and stay hydrated
b. Make sleep a priority
c. Get regular exercise
d. All of these
