UNIT 7.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
B. VOCABULARY and GRAMMAR
I. Write a word or phrase from the box under each picture.
water pollution endangered species 3Rs plastic rubbish

global warming national park single-use products campfire

1. _________________ 2. _________________ 3. _________________ 4. _________________

5. _________________ 6. _________________ 7. _________________ 8. _________________

II. Complete the sentences with the words or phrases in part I.

1. _________________ is putting our health at risk. Unsafe water kills more than 3.4 million people
each year.
2. Established in 1962, Cue Phuong is the first _________________ in Vietnam.
3. A study says that the amount of _________________ flowing into the ocean could triple in the next
20 years.
4. We should teach students the importance of the _________________ - Reduce, Reuse, Recycle.
5. The best way to protect _________________ is to protect the places where they live.
6. Let’s build a _________________ before it gets dark, everyone!
7. You can avoid using _________________ by bringing your own cup and straw to the cafe.
8. _________________, the rise in temperature around the earth’s atmosphere, is one of the biggest
issues facing humans nowadays.

III. Complete the sentences with the words or phrases from the box.
carbon footprint green products environmental protection natural habitat
ecosystem extinction toxic substances natural resources
1. Water pollution happens when ______________________ - often chemicals or microorganisms -
enter water bodies.
2. Recycling is a way to reduce the ______________________ and conserve natural resources.
3. ______________________ activities are carried out in order to keep the environment pure and
clean.
4. An endangered species is an animal or plant that is at risk of ______________________.
5. The Bengal tiger’s _____________________ includes tropical rain forests, tall grasses, and marshes.
6. ______________________ are made from environmentally friendly materials.
7. The three Rs will help us to conserve ______________________ for long-term use.
8. By harming the ______________________ of our planet, we endanger the balance of nature itself.

IV. Underline the correct answer.

Global Recycling Day, (1) performed / celebrated / done on March 18 every year, is a recycling
initiative that (2) encouragement / encouraging / encourages us to look at our trash in a new light.
There are several ways to recycle that allow some materials to be (3) reused / reduced / released
multiple times. Recycling is great for us and the (4) environment / environmental / environmentalist
because it lessens the energy we use, enhances the (5) nature / quality / value of water and air we
breathe, and combats climate change.
It also reduces using new raw (6) materials / ingredients / elements to create new products -
saving money and natural (7) reserves / renewals / resources. Newspapers, plastic water bottles, soda
cans, cereal boxes, and milk cartons are some of the common everyday (8) recyclable / recycle /
recycling items. If we put (9) affect / effort / defect into recycling items that we usually (10) throw
away /give away /put away, we can impact the earth and our lives in a more profound way.

V. Match the two halves of the sentence.

1. Overfertilization contributes to soil pollution, a. as soon as they noticed the oil spill.
2. If we continue using lots of single-use b. due to discharge of pollutants in the water
products, bodies.
3. Lake, river, ocean and groundwater get c. for plastic waste to completely decompose.
contaminated
4. Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas d. as a result of the removal of vegetation.
5. The soil is exposed and vulnerable to erosion e. so you only need to apply fertilizer once or
twice per year.
6. The polluted fog became so thick f. the ocean will be full of plastic waste in the
future.
7. Depending on the material and structure, it g. that people could only see a few meters in
takes 20 to 500 years front of them.
8. The fishermen informed the local authority h. that can lead to health problems.

VI. Read the sentences and write l.C if the underlined clause is an independent clause or D.C if it is a
dependent clause.
1. I often turn off all the electric devices when I’m not using them. ____
2. The rescued animals will be taken care of at the zoo until they’re healed. ____
3. Sean is building a campfire while Patrick is collecting more woods. ____
4. They will run the campaign against illegal poaching as soon as the government approves it. ____
5. When plants die, they release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. ____
6. Visitors must get a permit before they visit Acadia National Park. ____
7. The volunteers will work all day till they clean up the entire beach. ____
8. Please make sure to put out the campfire after you leave the campsite. ____
9. All the famous monuments turn off the lights while Earth Hour happens. ____
10. No one is allowed to use the water from the lake until its water quality improves. ____
VII. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. The river water will still be polluted _______ we find solutions to prevent dumping raw sewage.
a. until b. after c. because d. so
2. Mass killings of fish, plants, or amphibians can happen _______ there are sudden changes in water
temperature.
a. while b. when c. as soon as d. till
3. They shut down that factory _______ they knew it released pollutants into the lake.
a. although b. before c. while d. as soon as
4. The black bear died immediately _______ the hunter shot it.
a. after b. so c. until d. as long as
5. We picked up all the rubbish at the campsite _______ we returned home.
a. after b. while c. before d. till
6. Can you help me sort out the rubbish _______ I’m cleaning the kitchen?
a. if b. while c. until d. although
7. _______ they realise the impact of deforesation, they’ll continue to cut down trees to provide more
room for planting crops.
a. Until b. After c. As soon as d. While
8. Grace lost her mobile phone signal _______ she went deep into the forest.
a. but b. if c. before d. as soon as
9. Don’t leave the water running _______ you’re washing the dishes!
a. because b. lead to c. result in d. while
10. Many wild animals used to inhabit this area _______ the new factory was built.
a. after b. while c. before d. as soon as

VIII. Complete the sentences with the conjunctions from the box.
while as soon as after when (x2) before so because until (x2)
1. Those koalas were severely burnt ________________ they couldn’t escape the bush fire.
2. All sorts of chemicals are dumped into this river, ________________ we cannot swim there
anymore.
3. ________________ people are eating food from their plastic products, many wild animals are dying
because of them.
4. The air pollution will be reduced ________________ more and more people use public transport.
5. Many marine animals are saved from extinction ________________ the government passed the
law to stop over-fishing the oceans last year.
6. The panda will stay at the zoo ________________ it’s strong enough to return to its natural habitat.
7. We called the local authority immediately ________________ we noticed the bush fire!
8. Remember to bring something to store the rubbish ________________ you go trekking in the
national park.
9. It used to be easy to see the Big Dipper at night ________________ lights from those buildings
affected our vision.
10. The villagers need to stay inside their houses ________________ the storm completely stops.

IX. Combine each pair of sentences, using the conjunction in brackets.

1. Summer finally comes. They will volunteer at some local environment programmes. (when)
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. The director approves our documentary. We will broadcast it nationwide. (As soon as)
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. The whole neighbourhood was given reusable bags. They were forbidden to use plastic products.
(before)
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. Some students are picking up litter. The others are planting trees in the park. (while)
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. People started to care more about endangered species. They watched a video about marine life.
(After)
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. The villagers will be on strike. The factories stop cutting down trees in the forest. (till)
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. Many wild animals are injured. The bush fires are spreading too fast. (because)
___________________________________________________________________________________
8. The national park saves endangered species. It protects the environment. (and)
___________________________________________________________________________________
X. Choose the underlined word or phrase, A, B, C, or D that needs correcting.
1. It’s necessary to raise awareness of endangered species and environment protection.
A. It’s B. to raise C. endangered D. environment
2. The amount of waste will decrease when people will start to buy reusable packages.
A. will decrease B. when C. will start D. reusable
3. Could you tell me the negative effects of cutting up trees on the ecosystem?
A. Could B. negative effects C. cutting up D. on
4. There will be much less pollution while people stop using cars completely.
A. will be B. while C. stop D. completely
5. Use-single products like plastic bottles and bags can kill or trap marine animals.
A. Use-single B. like C. or D. marine
6. If we don’t bury chemical wastes underground, we won’t pollute fresh water supplies.
ABCD
7. The firefighters immediately came to rescue the koala until they saw it in the fire.
ABCD
8. Please wait here when the volunteers are picking up rubbish along the river.
ABCD
9. If people pay a few more attention to the environment, the Earth will be greener.
ABCD

XII. Use the correct form of the word given to complete each sentence.
1. It’s evidence that this ocean is clean and environmentally. (pollute)
2. World Wide Fund is a famous organization. (environment)
3. This area is a part of a wildlife programme. (conserve)
4. Sea turtles and dugongs are some species living in Con Dao. (endanger)
5. In remote regions, the air is pure and the crops are free of insecticides. (poison)
6. Habitat poses the greatest threat to wild animals. (lose)
7. The students are having a field trip to Cat Ba Park. (nation)
8. Camel’s habitat is the deserts across Asia and Africa. (nature)
9. Our encourages each household to practise the 3Rs. (neighbour)
10. Water pollution can lead to the of aquatic plants and animals. (die)
XIII. Underline the correct preposition in each of the following sentences.
1. Water pollution can be harmful at / to fish and animals that live along the river.
2. Using drinking water to water the garden is a waste from / of natural resources!
3. Ways must be found to prevent the poisonous gases on / from polluting the air.
4. Textile factories dump tonnes of toxic waste into / at the Citarum River.
5. She’s come up to / with amazing new ideas to help protect the environment.
6. Noise pollution can have harmful effects on / in human health.
7. Toxic substances from factories are unsafe for / with the ecosystem.
8. Cat Tien National Park is home in / to some endangered monkeys.
9. The river has been polluted with / from toxic waste from local factories.
10. Children should be aware at / of the environmental issues we’re facing.

c. SPEAKING
I. Make questions for the underlined words.
1. ______________________________________________________________________________
Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies, such as lakes, rivers and oceans.
2. ______________________________________________________________________________
Many wild animals are on the verge of extinction because of illegal hunting.
3. ______________________________________________________________________________
There are sixty-three national parks in the United States.
4. ______________________________________________________________________________
He will build a campfire as soon as he arrives at the campsite.
5. ______________________________________________________________________________
Most of the plastic waste ends up in the oceans.
6. ______________________________________________________________________________
The students are visiting Cat Tien National Park this weekend.
7. ______________________________________________________________________________
Ho Chi Minh City is more polluted than Da Nang.
8. ______________________________________________________________________________
In my neighbourhood, people collect garbage every day.
9. ______________________________________________________________________________
Every individual is responsible for solving environmental issues.
10. ______________________________________________________________________________
We can prevent land pollution by the proper disposing of the litter.

II. Complete the dialogue with the appropriate sentences (A - H).

A. Because I'm doing a class project on pollution in the city.
B. Too many billboards along the road, open storage of trash, networks of electric wires
crisscrossing each other above the street, etc.
C. Visual pollution is what you would call anything unattractive or visualizing damaging to the
landscape.
D. It generates distraction, eye fatigues, and other psychological problems.
E. Yeah, I know. Not only for water pollution, but also for air, soil, noise, light and visual
pollution.
F. Yes, I took it yesterday.
G. Exactly! Garbage on riverside.
H. I think so too.
Bailey: Did you take that photo, Xuan?
Xuan: (1) __________________________________________________________________________
Bailey: Let me see. A photo of a river ... but it looks like you want to capture the garbage.
Xuan: (2) __________________________________________________________________________
Bailey: Why garbage?
Xuan: (3) __________________________________________________________________________
Bailey: This picture is for water pollution, isn’t it? I think you need more.
Xuan: (4) __________________________________________________________________________
Bailey: What does ‘visual pollution’ mean? I’ve never heard about it before.
Xuan: (5) __________________________________________________________________________
Bailey: Can you give me some examples?
Xuan: (6) __________________________________________________________________________
Bailey: So what are the effects of visual pollution?
Xuan: (7) __________________________________________________________________________
Bailey: Oh, I see. There is too much visual pollution in the city, so I think it’s not difficult to take
photos of different visual pollutants.
Xuan: (8) __________________________________________________________________________

d. READING
I. Complete the passage with the words from the box.
wildlife habitat naturalist residents
breathtaking home encloses established
JIM CORBETT NATIONAL PARK
Jim Corbett National Park can be befittingly called the paradise of tigers for the fact that it
holds a large population of tigers in its (1) ________________ landscapes that consists of different
varieties of flora and fauna. Named after the legendary tiger hunter turned (2) ________________
Jim Corbett (1875-1955), the proud destination ‘Jim Corbett National Park’ was the first national park
of India, which was (3) ________________ in 1936 in the hill state of Uttarakhand in Northern India. It
is one of the most famous (4) ________________ destinations in India, visited by several wildlife
enthusiasts who want to catch the glorious sights of the Indian tigers.
The Corbett National Park is (5) ________________ to approximately 110 tree species, 50
mammals’ species, 580 bird species, and 25 reptile species that are found both in the lower and
higher regions of the park. The geographical location of this place that (6) ________________
streams, rivers, and ridges crisscrossing the terrain, makes Jim Corbett National Park a perfect (7)
________________ for numerous plant and animal species. The most famous of Corbett’s wild (8)
________________ are the Bengal tiger, Asiatic elephant, leopards, wild boar, sloth bear, jackal,
mongoose, and crocodile.

II. Read the passage, then do the tasks.

According to Greenpeace, more than 100,000 sea creatures and a million sea birds die every
year after eating plastic or getting trapped in plastic rubbish. Sometimes, when baby turtles get
trapped in plastic the shape of their shell changes when they grow. Some sea creatures make their
homes in plastic rubbish, such as the hermit crabs that live on polluted Pacific beaches.
Every year, the world produces more than 300 million tonnes of plastic! In a minute, people
around the globe use more than a million plastic bags and they throw away more than a million
plastic bottles. Where will all this plastic end up? About 10% of it will be recycled, and some will go to
landfill, but a lot of it will end up polluting the oceans. Experts estimate that there are already 200
million tonnes of plastic in the world’s oceans, and this will increase by about 7 million tonnes every
year.
Because plastic isn’t biodegradable it won’t decompose naturally, so all the plastic that we
have now in the world will exist forever. That means we’ll need to clean up the oceans if we want to
protect our sea creatures. Better still, if we don’t use so much plastic, it won’t end up in the ocean!
Experts are warning that if we don’t take urgent action, there might be more plastic than fish in the
sea by 2050.
A. Match the words to their definitions.
1. getting trapped a. finish, arrive
2. shell b. make something free from pollutants
3. end up c. able to decay naturally by bacteria
4. landfill d. being unable to escape from
5. clean up e. the hard part on the back of a turtle
6. biodegradable f. a place in the ground to put rubbish
B. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. ____ Plastic rubbish kills a million sea birds every year.
2. ____ The hermit crabs living on Pacific beaches die because of plastic pollution.
3. ____ Around the world, people use more plastic bottles than bags.
4. ____ Less than half of plastic bottles and bags end up getting recycled.
5. ____ Plastic rubbish will disappear naturally over time.
6. ____ It is predicted that there will be more plastic than fish in the oceans by 2050.
C. Answer the questions.
1. What never decomposes?
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. How many tonnes of plastic are dumped into the oceans every year?
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. Why do we need to clean up the oceans?
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. What can we personally do to help resolve this problem?
__________________________________________________________________________________

e. WRITING
II. Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first one.

1. It’s unsafe for humans and animals to drink polluted water.

→ Polluted water

2. Con Dao National Park contains 16 small islands.

→ There

3. Because she was absent from the meeting, she didn’t know the resolution.

→ Because of

4. Many endangered marine species live in the ocean.

→ The ocean is home

5. We need to reduce our plastic waste, otherwise we’ll threaten our own existence.

→ If we

6. Countries celebrate Earth Hour to raise awareness of saving energy.

→ Because countries want

7. The campers will pick up all the rubbish before they leave the campsite.

→ After the campers

8. Air pollution deaths will double by 2050 if nations don’t act.

→ Unless

9. Because the world’s temperatures rise, the Arctic keeps losing its ice.

→ The world’s

10. Unless we reduce our carbon footprint, global warming will destroy the ecosystem.

→ If