SNIPER COURSE.

ROLES OF A SNIPER:

Prepare the order of operations. Coordinate with others.

FRANCO TIRADOR: is an individual with characteristics
units.
unique, known worldwide asSNYPER.Being - select the location position, Observe the middle
usually the elite within an elite. of the sector.
You adjust the sights Guide during the ambushes
MISSION: execute combat operations with selective fire Decide on the priority of targets.
high precision targeting key targets from a position Hook and shoot.
cover.
ROLES OF AN OBSERVER
KEY WHITES: they are objective of importance that
They can be personnel and/or equipment such as: enemy officers,
crew of collective weapons, personnel and equipment of - Prepare the special team. Guide during the marches.
communications, observation and reconnaissance equipment - Cover the rear in ambush.
Enemy snipers, etc. - Perform the distance estimation calculations.
- Observe the other half of the sector. Estimate the speed of the
ORGANIZATION: a team of Franco shooters I pour
appropriately organized consists of two (02) - Identify the other priority targets
qualified snipers. One serves as an observer - Operate the radio, take notes and record the information.
Dare. And another one as a shooter. A sniper by no means. - Operate the night vision team.
It must operate alone as it is a composite weapon system - Observe and report the impact of the shot.
of two (02) people with the same ability to carry out
Tactical employment: basically the use of the equipment of
either of the two (02) functions.
snipers must be used as a weapons system.
being employed independently to achieve exploitation
STAFF SELECTION: for the selection of to the maximum their survival skills in the field of
take into account a person with good physical capacity and
battle.
mentally, of good temperament and just judgment.
The mission must be given by the commander in a way
general. The tactical use of the equipment must be autonomous, the
which will decide routes, approach ways., point of
infiltration and exfiltration, etc.
TACTICAL USE OF THE - Difficult to be detected.
SNIPERS: - Selective Selective in shooting.
- Can operate in any area.
Offensive: It can operate during the day and at night.
-
- They must be used to establish and maintain
contact with the enemy. Preventing- Easy
this to extract.
shapes the surprise by keeping the enemy down - Easily penetrable.
constant pressure.
- Protect the flanks and rear of the units Disadvantages:
focused on the attack. - Has little firepower.
- Infiltrate through the lines to disrupt - Cannot operate for a long period of time.
counterattacks and retreats. - They operate up to a maximum battalion level.
- Increase the possibility of the element of surprise.
- Harass the enemy.
- You can direct the fires of curved trajectory weapons and Subversive Operations:
vertical. The sniper team is part of the combat team.
basically employing him in the neutralization of targets
Defensive: great distances acting as second man in a
- They defend points of approximation. combat detachment
- They cover access roads.
- Issue the early warning of enemy advance. Incursions:
- Disorganize the enemy offense. It is one of the most delicate and risky operations of a
sharpshooter since to fulfill his mission he must penetrate
Retrograde: the enemy lines, neutralize the target and retreat to be
extracted.
- Delay the attack.
- Observe and report enemy movement.
- Harass the enemy. Denial of area:
It is similar to a defensive with the exception that it is not
- Direct the artillery fire on positions
defending against the enemy offensive, but trying to
enemies. prevent the enemy from taking control of that area which
- Fire coverage proportion on the roads of it could be a strategically important point.
approach.
Intelligence:
Advantages:
It is a mission that is linked to all kinds of operations of - Initial speed.
a sniper since it is necessary for this to gather and - Energy at the mouth of the cannon.
I sent all the information of the enemy.
- Exterior Consider the Following
Support for reconnaissance teams: - Sectional density.
When the reconnaissance teams encounter in - Initial speed.
maneuvers its specific mission is to send all the - Bullet Weight.
information to the unit command. Even though it can - Type of bullet.
to fight is not capable of engaging in combat for a
long period of time, so the snipers support Terminal or effect considers the following.
in this fight. - It will penetrate the medium.
- Effect that it will produce on the target.
Counter-terrorism;
It is the type of modern operation that has been included in the Sectional density:
sniper as the main weapon. Since it is a type of It is the proportion that exists between the weight of the tip and the
high operation sensitivity resulting in maximum selected area of the bullet.
excellent results.
EXIT ANGLE:
Once the bullet is fired, it begins its movement towards the
Ballistics: length of the firearm barrel generating vibration, which causes
Concept: It is the science that studies the movements of the the final output line of the weapon, if this vibration is constant
bodies thrown into space. and is not affected by external agents. The projectile will have a
uniform output in each shot.
Type of Ballistics:
Deflection or deviation:
- Interior considers the following: This is an effect produced when a bullet passes through
- Persecution from a solid medium such as: glass, wood, or metal, due to this
- Ignition. we must consider the following effect:
- Combustion.
- Development of gases. A Is the medium going to penetrate?
- Dilation of the sheath. B Is it going to fragment and lose integrity?
- Take off from the bullet. C How much is it going to deviate?
- Printed forcing.
The heavier tips will work in a way. Most important variables:
more predictable and consistent.
Armament:
Basic design, lock adjustment, barrel quality, quality of
Factors that must be taken into account by the sight. Quality of the sight base, tension of the screws,
sniper trigger pressure.
temperature
As the temperature increases, the pressures rise reflecting Ammunition:
a higher initial speed therefore the impact will be Brand and batch number, tip design and weight, type of
higher, at lower temperatures the opposite occurs. gunpowder and charge, case settlement, age and condition.

Shooter:
Elevation: Mental and physical condition, body position located, sight and
At higher altitudes, the air is less dense and therefore less
breathing, tension, and trigger pressure.
resistance resulting in a higher impact,

Humidity: Weapon manufacturing:

Manufacturing of the cannon:
Higher humidity means greater density consequently.
A cannon is not made at random, since the cannon is the part
less initial speed resulting in a greater impact most important of the weapon. For the manufacture of the weapon it must be
low.
consider the Greenhill principle, this principle took
take the following into account:
Precision: Number of turns----------------length of the barrel.
Accuracy is the result of the sniper's consistency. Rifling step-------------caliber of the weapon.
When the variables are constant, the point of impact
it will always be the same. Not forgetting the effect known as the Coriolis effect that occurs
due to the rotation of the earth.
Wind:
It is important to know the direction and speed to calculate A.B.C. OF SHOOTING (SNIPER).
effectively your correction. A comfortable position.
Grip and placement of the weapon in the shoulder cavity.
- Constant location and observation of the aim in its
amplitude, that is to say, that there are no shadows
Breathing control. Because the projectile follows a parabola during flight
Trigger control, the aim point and point of impact are different, it should be
adjust the sights taking note of how many clicks of the reticle
Within the positions, there is the variant with support with or without I need to carry out to bring it to zero.
support. With a Snyper rifle. It is almost impossible to carry out
perfect shots in the standing position at over 100 TRACKING TECHNIQUES:
meters, so the use of the observer is necessary as In tracking techniques, there is no specific pattern.
necessary support. to continue. however, we will try to establish a basic guide
for these calculations.
Adjustment:
CALCULATIONS OF PEOPLE:
THE REGULATIONS OF DELF.A.L: This calculation is performed through the number of footprints.
This adjustment is made through the 'clicks', which is nothing more than registered in an area of one meter as wide as possible of the
the fall of the guide leg in the slots of the screw of the script and I walk, since the average of two steps is 1.5 meters, it
of the rise. which results in each recorded footprint
it will involve a person.
Adjustment method:
It begins with a series of three (03) shots at a APPROXIMATE TIME OF STAMP:
triangulation. If the shooter has made the three (03) shots in The time will be calculated according to the season of the year. If the
the same way pointing to the same point in the position will give it is summer there will be an abundance of leaves on the ground
as a result a good triangulation. Where they come together resulting in a crushing of leaves. If the
the three (03) impact with a line and the center of the triangle is traces have not been covered by other leaves the time
hope as a point of impact. approximately will be less than two (02) hours. If the traces
If the triangulation is wrong in drift. the screw of will be loosened they are summed covered the approximate time is six (06) to
opposite side where the impacts of so many "clicks" are Two (02) hours. If the footprints are marked in an area
create necessary and then adjust with the opposite screw. discovered the time will be calculated by the hardness of the rise
If the triangulation is incorrect in elevation and how the imprint if the enhancement overflows easily still goes with
result in a high triangulation, the screw of the script must blow gently the estimated time is less than two
turn from left to right and if it is low it should turn from (02) hours. If the imprint overflows but the edges do not go away.
right to left. When blowing, the time lost is from six (06) to two (02) hours.
Remember, script goes down up impact. Script goes up down
impacts. REMEMBER:
No matter how dry a wooded area is, the leaves that
SETTING DEF.A.L 100 METERS: They are stuck to the ground and will be wet. If I trace
shows moisture on the leaves, the time of one hour (01) Camouflage is a technique that involves mimicry that
hour. There must exist between the sniper and the medium where it
TRACKING TECHNIQUES (RAIN TIME): find.
Footprints in rainy weather are easier to track.
but more difficult to determine the approximate time of the The sniper must take the following into account:
footprint marking in rainy weather, the edge more A. Equipment camouflage.
pronounced and notable, the time will be calculated basically by B. Weapon camouflage.
the last rain in rainy season, the most pronounced edge and C. Its own camouflage.
Notable, the time is calculated basically by the last fall.
It should be noted that if a footprint is deeper than... ADVANCE TECHNIQUES:
Normal would imply that one or more people possess equipment. a. A pie: when the goal is far away.
extra. b.A cats: close enough to be observed.
If the footprints are recorded after a fight, they c.Rampando: when it is already facing the target or in Lina
One might think that they are carrying an injured person on their shoulders. from sight.

OTHER TRAILS OF IMPORTANCE: TARGET DETECTION:

We can take into account the considerations Establishment of the observation post. To establish it
if bonfires are extinguished at will, the embers will remain We must consider the following:
heat for a period of thirty (30) minutes - to have visible control of the objective or area as much as possible
approximately. of the objective.
- What portion of shelter in coverage
DIRECTION OF DISPLACEMENT: - In possible access to the enemy.
When the footprints are not noticeable due to the terrain being - That they have a quick fallback route.
Rocky, the direction will be given by the shrubs, grasses, and herbs. - That from the observation post I can locate and
which are inclined in the direction of the displacement. identify the targets without being detected.

IMPORTANT NOTE: Capabilities:

No matter how tactical the advancement is, the birds and other animals will give - It can be established very close to the target.
the alert to your group about strangers or possible predators, - A rapid withdrawal could be made.
what determines the direction and location of the enemy. - The mission can be carried out with great possibilities.
of success.
CAMOUFLAGE TECHNIQUES: - The whites can be located with great quality.
- Report to command with accuracy the movements of the
objective (enemy).
 - You can create the target location card with - Rubber butt to prevent it from moving from the shoulder.
great precision. - One (01) high-quality optical scope.
- You can make adjustments to the sights at a distance - Strapping for transport.
exact. - Stock with rail and adjustable support.
- It is easy to extract. RIFLES WITH EXCELLENCE CHARACTERISTICS
- It can operate during the day and at night. a. STEYR SSG P69LL: one of the sequizas
best rifles in the world, as it has a
LIMITATIONS: 26° cold forged heavy cannon
- It does not possess great firepower. b. Remington 700 BDL varmint: poses one of the
- Cannot operate for long periods of time. best lock systems that exist in the
- The capacity for action is unlimited. market. This lock is used by the M- rifle.
- I couldn't fight for long periods of time. 24 used by the U.S. Army the Navi
Seals use the bolt in the Mc Millán M-82
IMPORTANT POINTS TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT c. Rifle SIG- 13000 it is one of the rifles
THE SNIPER TELLS: fabricated with the highest technology and the
modern research. Its contrition
- The graphing and selection of targets must modular allows for the ease of replacing the
to be carried out through coordination between the teams component of the weapon, being so precious that
of snipers. you can make ¼ tiny of Angle to 100
- Appropriate count of the whites and teams. metros in cold. The manual locking system or
- You must coordinate between the sniper teams the automatic-sum will be ruled by the
dislocation and reorganization point as possible combat scenario.
that is not the same.
- Each team must prepare their escape route and TELESCOPIC SIGHTS:
coordinate with the teams. They are a tool that facilitates precision in shooting.
- They must establish the shooting angles of each team. through the use of precision lenses which are
assembled in a metal frame adding a
OPERATION OF THE SNYPER reticle. This combination of lenses magnifies the image of the
- Heavy and floating cannon for its rigidity, transfer white in the sniper's view.
- Heat transfer and precision. The human eye under favorable conditions can see a detail
- A stable, simple, and robust butt that is not. of 2.5 cm. with a 10x scope, the target will be observed from
affected by climate changes. 25cm.
- Minimum cartridges. A good lens should be covered with a high-quality film.
- Trigger of no more than 2.5 pounds (1Kg) of pressure. performance and low reflection. This film increases the
capacity of capture rays luminous of 91% - They are simpler and more resistant but less...
approximately. versatile.. the vast majority of the armies in the world
they have preferred fixed power scopes for their versatility
and resistance.
Field of view: NOTE: There are scopes that have an extra lens that is not
It is the observable diameter through a telescope sight. more than a zoom for people with visual problems.

TUBE DIAMETER: TYPES OF RETICULATES:

And most commonly used is the 25.4 mm. Or 1'.
embargo the military purpose sights go more to the trend A Post
of the thick tube of 30mm. Since, in theory, it has advantages:
B Crossed legs
- greater light step and consequently one more objective
clear. C Leupold Dupler.
- Less distortion of images.
- Obviously a robust and strong sight. D German Post

TWO TYPES OF TELESCOPIC. E Crossed threads with dot

Variable Increase; Which have the advantage:
- It can be used as a magnification for short distances and F Mil-Dots
greater power at great distances.
- Good light gathering ability.
- It can be used for observation without causing LIFTING AND DERRICK TOWERS:
fatigue
Military sights have two (02) towers which are
DISADVANTAGES: clearly perceptible the clips for their correction which
clips correct ¼" every 100 meters. These towers do not have
- They are more complex since they have adjustable lenses. Thanks to this, the correction of the weapon will be easier and
therefore, the chances of failures are higher. rapid.
- There are sights that vary the impacts when changing from
increase. USEFUL LIFE OF THE WEAPON :

FIXED POWER MIRROR: It is the approximate useful life of the weapon such.
how was the first shot
 The SNYPER weapons are designed to carry out
about 10,000 exact shots just like it was the
first let’s take into account that in each shot that
there is a forcing of the canyon due to
temperature precision and friction which gradually
there has been wear and fatigue of the weapon.

SHOOTING THROUGH SOLID STRUCTURES:

Because there is no work in Venezuela

Ballistic on solid structures we will start
I work with the help of each and every one of the
shooters taking as a basis the work done
about vehicular ballistic data and we will carry out work
about other solid structures such as wall of
block, concrete, wood, glass etc.

Always taking into account the following points:

It will penetrate the medium

It will fragment and lose integrity
3-When it is going to deviate

We will also use all types of ammunition.

possible in order to verify what type of ammunition it is
most suitable for each job.

Total shots by weapon: 15 shots