São Paulo College of Technology

FATEC-SP

Programming Manual
CNC Lathe Mach 3

Precision Mechanics Coordination

CNC Discipline
Computerized Numeric Command
 FATEC SP - CNC Programming Manual MACH 3 - Precision Mechanics
Summary
1. Introduction..........................................................5
1.1. Equipment CNC
1.2. Components.............................................................................................................5
1.3. Program CNC
1.4. System Coordinates..........................................................................................5
a. Coordinates Absolute.................................................5
b. Coordinates Incremental...........................................................................................6
2. Principle Basic Operation of a CNC Machine.........................................8
3. Language from CNC Command......................................................................................9
3.1. Tape perforated.............................................................................................................9
4. Types of Function.........................................................................................................10
4.1. Functions Preparatory courses.................................................................10
4.2. Functions Complementary or Auxiliary (Miscellaneous)..........................................10
4.3. Characteristics the Functions
a. Modals........................................................................................................................10
b. No Modals.................................................................................................................10
5. Parameters
5.1. Parameters of Positioning...............................................................................10
5.2. Parameters General...........................................................................................10
6. Concept programming...........................................................................................10
6.1. Declaration required...............................................................................................10
6.2. Declaration restricted.............................................................................................10
6.3. Declaration modal
6.4. Declaration omitted..................................................................................................11
7. Comments in programming....................................................................................11
8. Designation The Format of Function Parameters.................................................12
9. Designation Application of Parameters...................................................................13
9.1. Parameter N.............................................................................................................13
9.2. Parameters of positioning...............................................................................13
a. Parameter X................................................................................................................13
b. Parameter Z................................................................................................................13
c. Parameter I.................................................................................................................14
d. Parameter K................................................................................................................14
e. Parameter R................................................................................................................14
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10. Functions Preparatory 'G'........................................................................................15
Function G00...................................................................................................................15
G01 function...................................................................................................................15
Function G02...................................................................................................................15
Function G03...................................................................................................................15
Function G04...................................................................................................................17
G20 Function...................................................................................................................17
Function G21...................................................................................................................17
Function G30...................................................................................................................17
Function G31...................................................................................................................18
Function G32..............................................................18
Function G33...................................................................................................................18
Function G37...................................................................................................................19
Examples.......................................................................................................................20
Scheme for left and right threading programming............................22
Function G40...................................................................................................................23
Function G41...................................................................................................................23
Function G42...................................................................................................................24
Compensation of the tool tip Tower Front (cut side)....................25
Tool tip position code - Lathe ECN 40II......................................25
Function G46...................................................................................................................26
Function G47...................................................................................................................26
Function G53...................................................................................................................26
Function G54...................................................................................................................26
Function G55...................................................................................................................26
Function G60
Function G61...................................................................................................................27
Function G70...................................................................................................................28
Function G71.................................................................28
Function G73...................................................................................................................28
Function G74...................................................................................................................29
Function G75...................................................................................................................31
Function G90...................................................................................................................33
Function G91
Function G92...................................................................................................................33
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Function G94...................................................................................................................34
Function G95...................................................................................................................34
Function G96...................................................................................34
Function G97...................................................................................................................35
Function G99...................................................................................................................35
11. Functions Auxiliaries or Complementary (Miscellaneous)...........................................36
Function M00...................................................................................................................36
Function M01...................................................................................................................36
Function M02...................................................................................................................36
Function M03...................................................................................................................36
Function M04...................................................................................................................36
Function M05
Function M06...................................................................................................................37
Function M08...................................................................................................................37
Function M09
Function M10...................................................................................................................37
Function M11...................................................................................................................37
Function M12...................................................................................................................37
Function M20
Function M21...................................................................................................................38
Function M24...................................................................................................................38
Function M25...................................................................................................................38
Function M26...................................................................................................................38
Function M27...................................................................................................................38
Function M30...................................................................................................................38
12. Parameters Additional.............................................................40
12.1. Parameter T...........................................................................................................40
12.2. Parameter Barra “/”................................................................................................40
13. Scheme de Zeramento...........................................................................................42
13.1. Calculation of G92......................................................................................................42
13.2. Calculation Negative Displacement.......................................................................42
13.3. Calculation Zero Displacement Piece...............................................................42
13.4. Calculation Exchange Point (By Tool)........................................................42
14. Frame Selection of the Level of Finish...........................................................43

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1. Introduction
1.1. CNC Equipment
Electronic equipment that receives information through its own data input
compiles and transmits this information to the command and the machine tool and, without the
operator interference performs operations in a pre-programmed sequence.

1.2. Components
• Unit for assimilating information;

• Calculator unit;

• Machine-Tool.

1.3. CNC Program

A program is a logical sequence of information for machining a part, written
through codes that the machine command interprets and sends the necessary data to
that the machine execute the programmed operations.

1.4. Coordinate System

All the geometry of the piece is defined in a cartesian coordinate system, defined
in the plane formed by the crossing of a line parallel to the transverse movement (axis "X") and
another parallel to the longitudinal movement (axis 'Z').

The movement of the tool is described in this 'XZ' plan, in relation to an origin.
defined (X0,Z0). In CNC lathes, the 'X' axis is always the measurement of the diameter.

The origin (X0, Z0) can be established in two different ways.

a. Absolute Coordinates
In this system, the origin of the coordinate system can be defined at any point.
of the machine's useful area, in order to allow the programmer freedom for the definition of
best location to establish the origin of the coordinate system, according to criteria
own or programming defined according to the application of the piece, process of
manufacturing or the raw material used.

Once the point that will be used as the 'System Zero' is defined, it becomes
unique for all coordinates of the part. This method is called 'Floating Zeroing'.

The "X" axis, to facilitate programming, is always defined on the center of rotation line of the
axis tree. The 'Z' axis can be placed in any position of the part, preferably in the
front or back face, since this is always perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the
axis tree, that is, to the "X" axis.

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X (+) X (+)

Z (+) Z (+)

Origin (X0, Z0) Origin (X0, Z0)

Note: The values entered for the position parameters 'X' and 'Z' must obey the signs
indicated for each quadrant, as defined by the figure below.

X (+)

2oQuadrant 1oQuadrant

Z (-) Z (+)

3oQuadrant 4oQuadrant

X (-)

b. Incremental Coordinates
The origin of the coordinate system is established from the current position of the
tool, being considered the zero point for movement on both axes.

After any displacement there will be a new origin, that is, for any point to
which moves to the tool, this will be the origin for the next movement.

All displacement values will be indicated as the distance between the point
current and the position that one wishes to achieve.

The coordinates to be programmed are the distances between these two points,
measured these, projected on the 'X' and 'Z' axes.

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X (+)

Origin (X0, Z0)

Z (-)
Z (+)
A
3oQuadrant

B
X (-)

It is noted that point 'A' is the origin of the displacement to point 'B' and this, once
achieved, will be the origin for the next displacement and so on.

Example: Coordinate Systems

20 10
E
D
C Coordinates
Movement
B Absolute Incrementals
of for X Z X Z
A B 30 30 30 0
A B C 50 20 20 -10
C D 80 20 30 0
D E 80 0 0 -20
10 x 45º

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2. Basic Operating Principle of a CNC Machine

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3. CNC Command Language
The CNC program consists of information blocks and they always end with
a code of 'EOB' (End Of Block) represented here by the sign '#'.

Each program block consists of a main command, followed by its

respective parameters, can contain up to 64 characters including the 'EOB'. The program
executes the programmed instructions regardless of the sequence in which the parameters
appear in the block. The CNC command can be programmed by direct typing or through
peripherals, such as punched tape readers, microcomputers, etc.

3.1. Perforated tape

The punched tape is standardized by the EIA and also by the ISO, it has one inch (25.4 mm)
width, with capacity for eight information channels (eight holes with a diameter of 1.8 mm)
It is a special channel for dragging in the reader (diameter of 1.2 mm), which does not contain information.
Each channel is defined in the lengthwise direction of the tape and the instruction line in the direction
perpendicular to the channel, in addition to the drag hole located between channels 3 and 4, the
Decentralization is intentional to avoid incorrect assembly of the tape.

EIA ISO -ASCII

87654 321 87654 321

/ /
+ +
- -
Z
Y Z
Y
X X
W W
V V
U
T U
T
S S
R R
Q Q
P
O P
O
N N
M M
L L
K
J K
J
I I
H H
G G
F
E F
E
D D
C C
B B
A
9 A
9
8 8
7 7
6 6
5
4 5
4
3 3
2 2
1 1
0 0
,
EOB ,
EOB
% EOB
%

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4. Types of Function
4.1. Preparatory Functions
Define what the machine should do, preparing it to perform a type of operation.
such as roughing, threading, etc.

4.2. Complementary or Auxiliary Functions (Miscellaneous)

It covers the machine's resources not covered by the preparatory functions, such as
turning on and off the cutting fluid, opening and closing the plate, ending the program, etc.

4.3. Characteristics of Functions

a. Modals
Modals are functions that, once programmed, remain in the command's memory.
serving all subsequent blocks, until canceled by another modal function.

b. Non-modal
Non-modal functions are those that must be programmed every time they are required.
that is, they are only valid for the block that contains them.

5. Parameters
5.1. Positioning Parameters
They indicate the points for the tool's movement, with its position defined at
relation to the zero of the system, for absolute coordinates, or in relation to its current position,
for relative coordinates.

5.2. General Parameters

It includes the machine resources not covered by the previous parameters, such as
selection of tools, axis spindle rotation, etc.

6. Concept of programming
6.1. Required Declaration
Particular functions must be declared every time they are required to operate. By
For example, the parameter 'X' must be programmed whenever there is a movement on the axis.
transversal (diameter "Ø").

6.2. Restricted Declaration

Some operations cannot be executed simultaneously with others, examples:

• The tower's spin and the movement of the cars cannot be in the same block. Two
blocks will be necessary, one for the movement of the cars and another for the rotation of the tower.

• Fixed cycles cannot be used together with tool radius compensation.

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6.3. Modal declaration
The value or effect of the function, or parameter, remains in the subsequent blocks, unless
that modified by another parameter or the same.

Example: The parameter 'D' specifies the dwell time value. In every block.
where the G04 function is used, there will be a pause equal to the last one
value set through the parameter 'D', if no other value is set.

6.4. Omitted declaration

It is the value that does not appear next to the letter that defines the parameter. Example: Parameter 'L' and
parameter 'P', the first indicates how many times a subroutine is repeated, and the second which
subprogram will be used.

Programming itself 'P3L2', this indicates that the subprogram 'P3' will be executed two times.
times (“L2”). Simply programming “P3”, and omitting “L”, indicates that the program will
to be executed only once (it is not necessary to schedule "L1"), regardless of others
previously scheduled 'L' values.

In the case of some functions and parameters, when a value is not programmed along with it
the letter that defines this function or parameter, the command assumes that its value is zero.
Example: “GXZ” will be interpreted by the command as “G00X0.Z0.”

7. Comments in programming
At the beginning of a comment, the semicolon character ';' should be placed. The
comments are common for documentation and program control, as well as providing
messages for the operator.

Comments can contain any character except space and some functions
stop or end program complements (M00, M01, M02, M05, M30). The comments
are ignored by the command during the execution of the program, but are useful to maintain the
informed operator, at the beginning and in blocks with machining cycle stops.

A comment can encompass an entire block, meaning that it is not necessary to have a
function or parameter in the block, this can only contain the comment.

Note: The positioning parameters must be contained within the set of real numbers.
defined by the scheduled limit in the set (format, page 12). If this is not
If observed, an error code 'OUT OF RANGE' will be displayed on the screen.
The decimal point "." is used as the decimal separator. Negative values should
values preceded by a negative sign (-); positive values do not need a sign.

Examples:

N50T0202;EXTERNAL_FINISH_TOOL#

N180M00;TURN_THE_PART_ON_THE_BOARD#

N250M02;PROGRAM.END.

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8. Designation and Format of Function Parameters

Para- Format
Unit Description
metro mm pol.
A 3.3 3.3 degrees Angular opening between threaded entries.
B 3.3 3.3 degrees Composite feed angle for threading.
2.2 2.2 seconds Dwell time.
D mm
3.4 2.5 Depth of the 1st pass in the threading cycle.
pol.
mm
E 3.4 2.5 Approach distance in the threading cycle.
pol.
mm/rotation
F 3.3 2.4 Feed speed.
pol./rotation
H 4 4 there isn't Change of sequence (deviation) in program execution.
mm
3.4 2.5 Center position of the arc (axis 'X').
pol.
mm
I 3.4 2.5 Increment per pass in the roughing cycle.
pol.
mm
3.4 2.5 Incremental displacement for tapered thread.
pol.
mm
3.4 2.5 Center position of the arc (axis "Z").
pol.
mm
K 3.4 2.5 Increase per pass in the roughing cycle.
pol.
mm
3.4 2.5 Helix pitch of the screw.
pol.
2 2 there isn't any Standard number for repetition.
L 2 2 there isn't Security area number.
2 2 there isn't Cutting edge of the tool.
N 4 4 there isn't Sequential block number.
P 2 2 there isn't Program number.
mm
R 3.4 2.5 Ray programming up to 180º.
pol.
4 4 RPM Rotation of the shaft axis.
S m/min.
3.1 3.1 Constant cutting speed.
feet/pol.
T 4 4 there isn't Tool number and broker.
1 1 there isn't Angular return of the tool in the roughing cycle.
U mm
3.4 2.5 Incremental displacement on the "X" axis.
pol.
mm
3.4 2.5 Displacement in the 'Z' axis for drilling cycle.
pol.
W
mm
3.4 2.5 Incremental displacement on the "Z" axis.
pol.
mm
X 3.4 2.5 Value of the coordinate for displacement on the longitudinal axis.
pol.
mm
Z 3.4 2.5 Value of the coordinate for displacement on the transverse axis.
pol.

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9. Designation and Application of Parameters

9.1. Parameter N
Application: Sequential block number

Establish a logical programming sequence. Each instruction block is identified.

by the parameter 'N', followed by up to 4 (four) digits.

The parameter 'N' is generally ignored by the CNC command, except for the parameter 'H', and
usually serves for the programmer to monitor the program's execution. It may be
viewed on the 'STATUS' page in the machine's control panel.

9.2. Positioning parameters

a. Parameter X
Application: Positioning on the transverse axis (Ø)

Format: X (±) 2.5 (inches).

X (±) 3.4 (millimeters).

b. Parameter Z
Application: Positioning on the longitudinal axis (length)

Format: Z (±) 2.5 (inches).

Z (±) 3.4 (millimeters).

Using these parameters, one can describe the dimension of the part to be machined, where
The diameters will be defined by the 'X' axis and the lengths by the 'Z' axis.

Example: It is desired to move the tool away by 41mm in 'X' (diameter of 82 mm) and 31mm.
in 'Z' (length), then we have:

X (+) X = 82..mm
31 mm
41
1oQuadrant

X (+), Z (+)

Z (-) Z (+)
31

X (-) Origin X0, Z0

Note: Always use the decimal point as the decimal separator, notation
American, to indicate the quota in the correct format.
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c. Parameter I
Application: Coordinate for arc center, parallel to the "X" axis (Ø)

Format: I (±) 2.5 (inches).

I (±) 3.4 (millimeters).

d. Parameter K
Application: Coordinate for the center of the arc, parallel to the "Z" axis (length)

Format: K (±) 2.5 (inches).

K (±) 3.4 (millimeters).

The parameters 'I' and 'K' define the position of the center of the arc as a reference.
the distance from the center of the arc to the origin of the coordinate system (X0, Z0). One can
program the execution of the arc up to 180º. If the center of the arc surpasses the center line of
part, that is, if the arc is greater than 180º, or if it is about incremental programming, it should be
apply the corresponding sign for the coordinates.

The parameters "I" and "K" are programmed along with the preparatory functions G02 or
G03, where the positioning parameters "X" and "Z" indicate the coordinates of the end point.
of the arc and the parameters "I" and "K" the position of the center of the arc.

X (+) B R
1oQuadrant
K
A IeK
Positives
Center of the arch I // X
K // Z
Z (+)

Origin X0, Z0

Note: The parameters 'X' and 'I' must be set in diameter.

e. Parameter R X (+)
B R10
Application: Programming the ray up to 180º

Format: R 2.5 (inches). A

R 3.4 (millimeters). Z (+)

The parameter 'R' is also programmed together with the preparatory functions G02 and G03, and
allows programming circular interpolation up to 180º, specifying the radius value always with
positive signal. In this case, there is no need to indicate the center of the arc.

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10. Preparatory Functions 'G'
This group of functions defines what the machine must do, preparing it to execute.
a specific type of operation, such as roughing, threading, or receiving a certain
information, which may or may not be followed by configuration parameters.

These are the commands used to machine the parts, programmed in

a block, with the minimum parameters necessary for that operation.

G00 function
Application: Quick positioning

The axes move to the programmed coordinate (X,Z) with the highest possible feed.
G00 function is modal and cancels the functions G01, G02, G03, and G73.

Example: N10G00X120.Z80.#

G01 function
Application: Linear interpolation

With this function, linear movements can be obtained at any angle (interpolation
linear) and with a predetermined feed rate (parameter "F"). The G01 function is modal and cancels the
functions G00, G02, G03, and G73.

Example: N20G01X120.Z35.F0.3#

Function G02
Application: Circular Interpolation

Function G03
Application: Circular interpolation

Both G02 and G03 perform machining operations of predefined arcs. The
the direction of machining execution determines whether the arc is clockwise or counterclockwise, concave or
convex, according to the plane formed by the axes in the “X” and “Z” coordinates.

X (+)
Rear tower
B Sense
H G02 of A
for B
A AH G03 from B to A
Z (+)
A
Front tower
Sense
AH G02 of A
B for B
H G03 from B to A

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The starting point of the arc is the initial position of the tool's displacement and the point
final is defined by the coordinates 'X' and 'Z'.

The ray can be executed by indicating its center through the functions 'I' and 'K' or the
programming of its value, with the parameter 'R'.

The functions G02 and G03 are non-modal and do not cancel other functions, which means
that, after its completion, the last used modal function will be active.

Note: Before executing the block containing the circular interpolation, the command checks if the
arc can be geometrically executed, if not, the command interrupts the
execution of the program and displays the message 'IMPROPER G02/3 ARC' (arc
G02 or G03 inappropriate).

80
25 15

R10 1.5 x 45º

R3

Example:

N20G00X21.Z80.#
N25G01X24.Z78.5F0.25#
N30G01X24.Z50.F0.25#

N35G02X44.Z40.R10.F0.25#
you
N35G02X44.Z40.I44.K50.F0.25#

N40G01X50.Z25.F0.25#
N45G01X74.Z25.F0.25#

N50G03X80.Z22.R3.F0.25#
you
N50G03X80.Z22.I74.K22.F0.25#

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Function G04
Application: Length of Stay

Allows scheduling a pre-determined stop time between the execution of blocks of

program, causing a halt in the movement of the tool. This command has
as a parameter the 'D', through which the stop time in seconds is indicated. If it is
it is necessary to schedule other stops, with the same time value, just program the function
G04 with no parameters.

During the downtime, on the 'STATUS' page, the command shows the time
decreasing.

Example:

N35G04D2#

G20 function
Application: Programming in diameter

This function defines the dimensional values associated with the "X" axis, in diameter (Ø).
It also controls the parameters 'I' and 'U'.

The function is modal and cancels any previously programmed G21 function. It is activated.
when turning on the machine (default) and it must be programmed in a single block (there are no parameters)
associated with it), before the operations in diameter (Ø). The 'STATUS' page shows the
selected option highlighted.

Function G21
Application: Programming in Ray

This function defines the dimensional values associated with the 'X' axis, in radius. It controls
also the parameters "I" and "U".

The function is modal and cancels any previously programmed G20 function and must be
programmed in a single block (it has no associated parameters), before the operations in
ray. The 'STATUS' page shows the selected option highlighted.

Function G30
Application: Mirror gate image

This function cancels the programmed mirror image for the 'X' or 'Z' axes. The function is
the modal is activated when the machine is turned on (default) and should be programmed in a single block (not
has associated parameters).

Cancel any previously programmed G31 and/or G32 function. The 'STATUS' page
highlight the selected option.

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Function G31
Application: Activates mirror image (Mirror) on the "X" axis

The scheduled values on the X-axis will be executed normally in their sequence at the
first reading of the program, then the command executes a second reading where the
Values of this axis will be multiplied by (-1).

When the function is activated, the "STATUS" page shows the option "M" (Mirror -
Mirror) next to the axis 'X' coordinate indicator.

The function is modal, cancels the G30 function and must be programmed in a single block (do not have
parameters associated with it)

Function G32
Application: Activate mirror image on the 'Z' axis

This function is identical to the G31 function, it is just used for the "Z" axis, it must also be
programmed in a single block (it has no parameters associated with it).

Note: The mirror image can be activated on the 'X' and 'Z' axes simultaneously.

Function G33
Application: Threading

The G33 function performs threading on the 'X' and 'Z' axes or on both simultaneously.
being a depth, explicitly programmed in each program block
separately. Allows programming the execution of external, internal, parallel threads,
conics, simple or multiple entry, obtained according to the selected parameters
together with the command itself.

To program this function, the following parameters are used (the parameters between
parentheses are optional).

Function format:

G33 (X) (Z) (K) (A) (I)

Where:

X - Final diameter of the thread, used for face threading or in threading

conical when the parameter I is not set, (Ø) (absolute);

Z - Final position of the thread length (absolute);

K - Thread step in millimeters (incremental);

A - Angular opening between screw inputs (absolute);

I - Incremental conicity in X for conical thread, or pitch for thread on face, (Ø

(incremental).

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K X (+) K
X (+)

X (+)
Z (+) Z (+)

Z (+)

Function G37
Application: Threading cycle

Perform threading on the "X", "Z" axes or both simultaneously. It allows

program the execution of external, internal, parallel, conical threads, of one or more
entries, with only one block of information for each entry of the screw, according to the
selected options in the command itself. The command calculates the cutting depth of each
past, keeping the volume of chips constant, based on the volume of chips removed
on the first pass.

For the programming of this function, the following parameters are used (the parameters between
parentheses are optional).

Function format:

G37 X Z K D E (I) (A) (B) (W) (U) (L)

Where:

X - Final diameter of the thread (Ø) (absolute);

Z - Final position of the thread length (absolute);

K - Helix pitch of the screw (incremental);

H
D - Depth of the first step determined by the formula D= where H
number of passes
H is obtained by the formula H = 2 * h where h is the height of
fillet of the ring measured at the radius and is expressed by the formula h0,6945*P , (for thread
metric), with P being the thread pitch in mm;

E - Distance of approach for the beginning of threading where E = Ø positioned - Ø

external (incremental);

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I - Incremental conicity on the X axis for tapered thread (Ø) (incremental);

A - Angular opening between the threads (degrees);

B - Feed angle for composite system (degrees);

W - Parameter for the angle of the threading output (pullot);

U - Depth of the last threading pass (diameter) (incremental);

L - Number of repetitions of the last threading pass (finishing).

X (+) X (+)
B

K
K Z (+)
Z (+)

X (+) K X (+)

K
W
Z (+) Z (+)

Examples

Form

3 External Diameter
P = Rosca Pass
50 H = Height of the fillet at Ø
80 H = (0.6945 * P) * 2

G33 Ø I = Internal Diameter

OI = OE - H
N20G0X35.Z85.#
N25G0X29.5#
N30G33Z48.5K1.5#
N35G0X35.# G37
N40G0Z85.#
N45G0X28.95# N20G00X35.Z85.
N50G33Z48.5K1.5# N25G37X28.05Z48.5K1.5D0.63E5.#
N55G0X35.
N60G0Z85.#
N65G0.X28.55#
N70G33Z48.5K1.5#
N75G0X35.#
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N80G0Z85.#
N85G0X28.15#
N90G33Z48.5K1.5#
N95G0X35.#
N100G0Z85.#
N105G0X28.05#
N110G33Z48.5K1.5#
N115G0X35.#
N120G0X85.#

Form

External Diameter
P = Passo da Rosca
Ø Initial
H = Height of the filament at Ø
3 5
H = (0.6945 * P) * 2
50
Ø I = Internal Diameter
70 ØI = ØE - H
Ring
NPT conical 11 ½ threads per inch I = Incremental Conicity
Inclination 1o47’ (a) I = (tanα * P) * 2

N50G0X37.Z75.#
N55G37X28.02Z50.5K2.21I0.137E5.15D0.96#

Form

ØE = External Diameter
P = Rosca Pass
4 PH = Helix Step
A = Angular opening
60
10 PH = P * number of entries
0 A0
A = 360 / number of entries

H = Height of the fillet at Ø

A240 H = (0.6945 * P) * 2
A120
N75G0X30.Z112# Ø I = Internal Diameter
N80G37X22.4Z62.K6.E5.D0.86# ØI = ØE - H
N85G37X22.4Z62.K6.E5.D0.86A120.#
N90G37X22.4Z62.K6.E5.D0.86A240.#

Note: During the execution of any threading function, the rotation of the axis-shaft does not
must be higher than the value determined by the following relationship:

4500
RPMmax. =
K

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Scheme for left and right threading programming
Insert Position Face cutting upwards

Face down

(D) Right-Hand Threading

Left Rotation

Meaning D E Meaning E D
Schedule Counterclockwise

D E E D

Meaning Meaning
Schedule Counterclockwise
D E

E D

Meaning Meaning
Counterclockwise Schedule

E D

D E

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Function G40
Application: Cancels the radius compensation of the tool tip

The G40 function must be programmed in a single block (there are no associated parameters for it.
to cancel previously requested functions such as G41 and G42. The G40 function is modal,
canceling the G41 and G42 functions and it is activated when turning on the machine (default).

Controlled point

Function G41
Application: Activates compensation for the tool tip radius to the left

The G41 function selects the value of the tool tip radius compensation, being
to the left of the part to be machined, viewed in the direction of the tool's cutting path.

The geometry of the tool tip and the working position in which it was mounted are
defined by the code 'L', provided on the 'TOOL DATA FILE' page (data file of
tools).

The G41 function is modal and cancels the G40 and G42 functions, it must be programmed in a block.
unique (it has no associated parameters), immediately followed by a block of
approach (without machining the part), executed with controlled feed (G01, G02, G03,
G73, etc.), so that the command can perform the tool positioning correction,
being the compensation of the tool tip radius interpolated within this movement.

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Function G42
Application: Activates compensation of the tool tip radius to the right

This function is similar to the G41 function, except that the compensation direction is to the right.
view in relation to the direction of the tool's cutting path.

As in the G41 function, the G42 function must be programmed in a single block, with a
subsequent block of approach in void, for interpolation and consequent compensation
the radius of the tip of the tool.

The G42 function is modal and cancels the G40 and G41 functions. It must be programmed in block.
unique (there are no associated parameters to it).

Note: During the compensation of the tool tip radius (G41 and G42 functions), it cannot
to be used function that uses rapid advancement, example G00, G74, G75, etc.

Example:

.
.
.
N...G41;ACTIVE.COMPENSATION.OF.TOOL.RADIUS.TO.THE.LEFT#
N...G01X...Z...F...;COMPENSATION BLOCK#
.
.
.
.
.
.
N...G40;Deactivates tool radius compensation#

G41 G42

G41
G42

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Compensation of the tool tip - Front Tower (cutting side).

Tower

Tool tip position code - Lathe ECN 40II

Tool Tool
Internal Internal
the Left
12 the Right

22 02

11
21 01

20 00
12
Tool
Tool External
External the Right
the Left

Note: The cutting edge position code, as well as the insert radius value, must be
typed in the corresponding field on the "TOOL DATA FILE" page.

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Function G46
Application: Inhibits Constant Cutting Speed (VCC)

Function G46 is used to temporarily inhibit variations in the speed of the axis.
tree, when the G96 function (VCC) is programmed (is active).

The G46 function is modal and cancels the G47 function. It must be programmed in a single block.
(there are no parameters associated with it).

Function G47
Application: Releases the constant cutting speed

Scheduled after the G46 function, this function (G47) restores the speed mode.
of constant cutting (VCC), allowing the shaft axis to vary its rotation depending on
of the diameter that is being machined at that moment.

The G47 function is modal and cancels the G46 function. It must be programmed in a single block.
(there are no parameters associated with it).

Function G53
Application: Cancels all "OFFSETS" of the license plate

This function cancels the zero-piece transfer determined by the G54 functions.
G55, contained in the "TOOL DATA FILE" page.

The G53 function is modal and is activated when the machine is turned on (default). It must be
programmed in a single block (it has no associated parameters).

Function G54
Application: Activates the first plate "OFFSET" (axis "Z")

The G54 function, just like the G55 function, is one of the functions for zeroing the workpiece.
Where one can transfer the zero-piece to a predetermined distance.

These functions are contained in the 'TOOL DATA FILE' page, titled 'CHUCK'
"OFFSETS" and the values contained refer only to the "Z" axis.

The G54 function is modal and is activated when turning on the machine (default). It must be
programmed in a single block (there are no parameters associated with it).

Function G55
Application: Activates the second 'OFFSET' of the plate (axis 'Z')

This function is identical to the G54 function. Used when two values are required.
different positioning, for example, when you need to turn the piece for machining the
opposite side, and the piece does not allow for fixation at the same diameter, for this, the position of G55
it will have a diameter and backrest different from G54.

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Function G60
Application: Security area barrier

The G60 function cancels the areas designated as "FAULT" (Failure) or "SAFE" (Safe),
designated by the parameter "L" in the same block (refers to function G61, described below).

If the parameter 'L' is not programmed in the same block as the G60 function, all the
The "FAULT" and "SAFE" areas will be canceled. When the command is turned on, all areas will be
canceled and on the screen, the message "PROGRAMMED AREAS 0" (default) appears.

Function G61
Application: Activates security area

The G61 function is used to identify 'FAULT' or 'SAFE' areas.

This command supports four areas 'FAULT', designated by the parameters L1, L2, L3 and
L4 and four 'SAFE' areas indicated by L5, L6, L7 and L8.

"FAULT AREAS", when the tool hits one of the programmed "FAULT" areas.
Prohibits the entry of any tool into this area to, for example, protect the board.
or the counterpoint, against possible tool collisions.

Once identified, the 'FAULT-AREA' is activated, preventing entry into this area and
this must be confirmed at each tool change.

Entering automatic mode (AUTO) "FAULT-AREA" will result in a failure and the screen will be
showed a "FAULT-AREA" message.

"SAFE AREAS", when the tool reaches a programmed "SAFE" area, then
generated a message indicating the area number. The screen displays the message "IN SAFE"
AREA
LAST.

Function format:

G61 L X Z I K

Where:

L - Area number, which varies from 1 to 8;

X - Internal diameter (absolute);

Z - Final length (backrest) (absolute);

I - External diameter (absolute);

K - Length.

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Z K

Function G70
Application: Active programming in inches

This function prepares the command to log all data entries in inches.

The G70 function is modal, cancels the G71 function and must be programmed in a single block (not
have parameters associated with it).

Function G71
Application: Active programming in millimeters

This function prepares the command to log all data entries in millimeters.

The G71 function is modal, it cancels the G70 function. It must be programmed in a single block (not
there are parameters associated with it). This function is active when turning on the machine (default).

Function G73
Application: Point-to-point linear interpolation

This function is similar to the G01 function (linear interpolation), and is used in the same way.
When programmed, it prepares the machine to work in the same way as interpolation.
point-to-point, leaving a non-rounded profile.

The G73 function is modal and cancels G00, G01, G02, and G03 functions.

The G73 function requires

the axis to reach the
scheduled position
before the move
of direction.
Function G01 Function G73

Note: In the case of G01, the size of the rounded corner is directly proportional to the value of the
programmed feed rate.

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Function G74
Application: Turning or drilling cycle

This cycle is used to perform roughing operations parallel to the 'Z' axis, which turns the workpiece.
in successive passes until the final programmed diameter. It is also used for cycles of
drilling with chip discharge.

For programming this function, the following parameters are used (the parameters in between
parentheses are optional).

G74 (X) Z (W) (I) (U1)

Where

X - Final diameter (absolute);

Final length (absolute);

W - Distance to chip breaker (incremental)

I - Increment per pass on Ø (incremental)

U1 - Angular retreat of the tool (incremental)

If the parameter 'W' (used in drilling) is not programmed, the tool advances.
to the axis 'Z' to the programmed final position, with continuous movement, without interruption.

Setting the parameter "U1" (used in roughing), the tool returns in "X" in
opposite to penetration and with a value equal to 'I', up to the starting position on the 'Z' axis.
Otherwise, the tool returns with the same diameter that it performed the machining.

Finished the roughing, that is, when the tool reaches the programmed final diameter,
this returns to the starting point on the "Z" axis. By programming the parameter "U1", the diameter of
the return will be that of the executed step, increased or decreased by the value of the parameter 'I'
(depends on the machining; internal or external). If the parameter 'U1' is not programmed, the
the tool returns to the same diameter of the executed pass.

Note: In the roughing cycles, the value of 'I' will be the same in all passes, except for the last one.

External Roughing
28 .
.
.
N70G00X84.Z83.#
N75G74X30.Z28.I6.U1F0.3#
.
.
.

80

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70

.
.
.
N50G00X30.Z73.#
N55G74X50.Z25.I5.U1F.25#
.
.
.

Internal Roughing
28

.
15
.
.
N35G00X0.Z75.#
N40G74Z-5.W15.F0.15#
.
.
.

Hurricane

70

Function G75
Application: Facing cycle or channel opening (bleeding)
The G75 function is similar to the G74 function, although it describes a cycle parallel to the 'X' axis.
facing the piece with successive passes. It is also used for opening channels
(bleeding), with discharge of chips.

G75 (X) (Z) (W) (K) (U1)

Where

Final diameter (absolute);

Z - Final length (absolute);

W - Distance to chip breaker (incremental)

K - Increment per pass in length (incremental)

U1 - Angular retreat of the tool (incremental)

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If the parameter 'W' is not set, the tool advances to the final diameter,
with continuous movement, without interruption.

When parameter "U1" is set, the tool returns in "Z" in the opposite direction of
penetration, plus the value of the parameter 'K', up to the initial position 'X'. If the parameter
"U1" is not programmed, the tool returns to the initial diameter at the same length of the
last pass.

Note: In the face or bleeding cycles, the value of the parameter "K" will be the same in all.
the previous ones, except for the last.

2
30

.
.
.
N30G00X95.Z58.#
N35G75X25.Z30.K2.U1F0.2#
.
.
.

60

60

.
.
.
N80G00X24.Z62.#
N85Z58.5#
N90G75X65.Z30.K1.5U1F0.15#
.
.
.

30 1.5

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89 .
.
25 8 3 14 .
N60G00X75.Z89.#
N65G75X60.Z25.K14.W5.F0.15#
.
.
.

115

Function G90
Application: Programming in absolute coordinates

This function prepares the machine to work with absolute coordinates, that is,
define that the coordinates to be used will have a single point of reference.

The G90 function is modal, cancels the G91 function. It must be programmed in a single block (not
there are parameters associated with it), before operations with absolute coordinates. This
the function is active when the machine is turned on (default). The 'STATUS' page shows the option in
highlight.

Function G91
Application: Programming in incremental coordinates

This function prepares the machine to work with incremental coordinates, that is,
define that the coordinates will have as a reference point the current position of the tool.

The G91 function is modal, it cancels the G90 function. It must be programmed in a single block (not
have parameters associated with it), before operations with incremental coordinates. A
The 'STATUS' page shows the highlighted option.

Function G92
Application: Origin of the coordinate system and rotation limit (RPM) of the shaft-axis

Establishes the origin of the absolute coordinate system. If this function is

programmed, a starting point (origin) for the coordinates must be determined. This
point is established by the positions of 'X' and 'Z', indicated in the function and memorized by
command, from which all coordinates will be calculated. This origin position
It must be indicated at the beginning of each program, and can be canceled by the G99 function.

When G92 is programmed with the parameter 'S', it sets the rotation limit (RPM)
for the axis tree.

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Examples:

N20G92X375.Z450.;FIX THE ZERO OF THE SYSTEM AT X375.MM AND Z450.MM#

N50G92S2500; FIX THE ROTATION LIMIT AT 2500 RPM#

The G92 function is modal and cancels the G99 function.

Function G94
Application: Defines the advance in inches per minute or millimeters per minute

This function prepares the command to use all advances in inches per minute
(if the G70 function is being used, programming in inches) or millimeters by
minute (if the G71 function is being used, programming in millimeters).

The format for the parameter 'F' must be observed, according to the chosen function G70.
(coordinates in inches) or G71 (coordinates in millimeters).

The G94 function is modal, cancels the G95 function, and must be programmed in a single block (not
there are parameters associated with it).

Function G95
Application: Defines the advance in inches per rotation or millimeters per rotation

This function prepares the command to use all advancements in inches per rotation
(if the G70 function is being used, programming in inches) or millimeters by
rotation (if the G71 function is being used, programming in millimeters).

The G95 function is modal and cancels the G94 function. It must be programmed in a single block.
(there are no associated parameters) and it is active when the machine is turned on (default).

Function G96
Application: Activates Constant Cutting Speed (VCC)

The G96 function selects the programming mode at constant cutting speed, where
The RPM calculation is programmed through the parameter 'S'. This function prepares the command.
to work with the Cutting Speed (VC) in feet per minute (if it is being used
the G70 function, programming in inches) or meters per minute (if it is being used
the G71 function, programming in millimeters).

The format for the parameter 'S' must be observed, according to the chosen function G70.
(coordinates in inches) or G71 (coordinates in millimeters).

The G96 function is modal and cancels the G97 function.

Example:

N45G96S160; DEFINE THE CUTTING SPEED CONSTANT AT 160 M/MIN.

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Function G97
Application: Disables Constant Cutting Speed (VCC)

This function allows for the selection of the rotation for each machining. It is used in machines
whose main motor is a direct current (DC) motor, to program the parameter "S" in
RPM's, when it is necessary to change the working rotation.

The operator will also be able to change the rotation value directly on the control panel.
of the machine, through the RPM regulator, varying from 50% to 120% of the programmed rotation.

The G97 function is modal, cancelling the G96 function. It must be programmed in a single block (not
it has parameters associated with it) and is active when the machine is powered on (default).

Function G99
Application: Defines the programming based on the machine code 'MACHINE HOME'

When scheduled, this function cancels the programming of function G92 (origin of
coordinate system), when working in absolute coordinates and transferring the origin
for the zero-machine, known as 'MACHINE HOME'.

The G99 function is modal, cancels the G92 function. It must be programmed in a single block (not
it has associated parameters) and is active when the machine is turned on (default).

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11. Auxiliary or Complementary Functions (Miscellaneous)

They cover the machine resources not covered by the "G" functions, similar in format to
these can be programmed in a single block (they have no parameters associated with them),
considering that there are functions that can be programmed along with 'G' functions, however not
Two 'M' functions can be programmed in the same block.

Function M00
Application: Program Stop

Cause immediate stoppage of the program execution, turns off the tree axis and the fluid of
cut. A message is displayed on the screen saying "AWAINTING START CICLE", waiting for the start of the cycle.
to resume reading the program.

It is used to allow the operator to turn the part or make some intervention. This
function is modal and cancels the functions M03, M04 and M08.

Function M01
Application: Optional program stop

Causes the interruption of the program execution. This function will only be executed if the
the "OPTIONAL STOP" option is activated on the "MODE SELECTION" page.

To continue executing the program, the "START CYCLE" button must be pressed.
machine panel.

Function M02
Application: End of program

This function is used to indicate the end of the program that is being executed in
machine memory. It is modal and cancels the functions M03, M04, and M08 when applied.
punch cards were used, sewn together in the shape of a loop, to finish the program without the
rewinding of it.

Function M03
Application: Clockwise rotation of the shaft-axis

Used to establish the clockwise rotation of the shaft-axis, and usually along with
with the parameter "S" that defines the rotation of the shaft axis. This function is modal and cancels the
function M04.

Function M04
Application: Counter-clockwise rotation of the shaft-axle

Used to establish the counterclockwise rotation of the shaft, and generally

together with the parameter "S", rotation of the shaft axis. This function is modal and cancels the function
M03.

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Function M05
Application: Disconnects the axle-tree

When programmed, it causes the shaft axis rotation to stop.

Function M05 is modal and cancels functions M03 and M04. It must be programmed in a block.
unique (it has no associated parameters) and is active when the machine is turned on (default).

Function M06
Application: Releases tower rotation for tool change

When selecting a tool to be used in machining, its position is indicated.

providing the number of the tower face where it is installed, through the parameter "T". This
does not cause the exchange, it is necessary to program the M06 function that will release the rotation of the turret for
effective exchange of the tool.

Function M08
Application: Connects the cutting fluid

This function is modal and cancels the M09 function.

Function M09
Application: Turns off the cutting fluid

This function is modal and cancels the M08 function. It must be programmed in a single block (not
there are parameters associated with it) and it is active when the machine is turned on (default).

Function M10
Application: Gear change of rotations

Used to change the rotation range of the shaft. This function is modal and
cancel the functions M11 and M12.

Function M11
Application: Gear shift

Used to change the rotation range of the shaft. This function is modal and
cancel the functions M10 and M12.

Function M12
Application: Shift of rotation range

Used to change the rotation range of the drive shaft. This function is modal and
cancel the functions M10 and M11.

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Function M20
Application: Turns on the bar feeder (optional)

This function activates the automatic material feeding system. It is modal and cancels the
function M21.

Function M21
Application: Turns off the busbar feeder (optional)

This function disables the automatic material feeding system. It is modal and cancels.
the M20 function.

Function M24
Application: Open the board

This function activates the system that allows the opening of the panel to insert a new one.
material. It is modal and cancels the M25 function.

Function M25
Application: Close the board

This function activates the system that allows the plate to be closed after the exchange of the
Material. It is modal and cancels the function M24.

Function M26
Application: Retracts the hose (for machines equipped with a movable head)

This function activates the system that allows the sleeve to retract to release the part. It is
modal and cancel function M27.

Function M27
Application: Activates the hose

This function activates the system that allows the sleeve to advance to lock the piece, it is
modal and cancel function M26.

Function M30
Application: End of program with rewinding of the perforated tape

This function has the same basic application as function M02, with the addition of ending the
the execution of the program triggers the rewinding of the perforated tape, preparing it for machining
of a new part. It should not be used with ribbons tied in a bow.

Note: CNC commands read the program directly from the command memory.
machine, in these cases both M02 and M30 terminate the program execution since

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there is no need to rewind the memory, thus making its
utilization.

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12. Additional Parameters

12.1. Parameter T
Application: Tool and broker selection

The parameter 'T' is used to select the position of the tower where the tool is located.
will be used from then on, informing the machine of the positioning dimensions of
tool tip in relation to the tower's pivot center (pre-set), value of the insert radius and
the position of the tool tip (cutting direction). This information is entered on the page
of the 'TOOL DATA FILE' and the values of the brokers are entered on the 'TOOL OFFSET' page
"FILES", the command reads this information in order to position the tool during the
machining.

The selection of tools and brokers is made by typing four numbers together.
with the parameter "T", where the first two define the tool and the last two the corrector
what will be used for that tool. The purpose of the brokers is to record the values of
tool wear, this typing is done progressively as one verifies
dimensional variation of the part, in order to compensate for it. This compensation has a limit that
is anticipated in the tool's lifespan calculation, and should not be exceeded under penalty of
compromise the quality of the manufactured parts.

The MACH-3 command has the capacity to store up to 28 (twenty-eight) tools and
28 (twenty-eight) brokers, with a maximum number of tools that can be used
simultaneously, it depends on the machine model being used.

Example of some lathes and the capacity of tools mounted simultaneously:

Galaxy: 14 (fourteen) tools;

Cosmos 30: 10 (ten) tools;

ECN 40II: 8 (eight) tools.

Use of the "T" parameter: T0202

Value entered on the "TOOL OFFSET FILE" page
Corresponds to the correction applied to the tool.
Value entered on the "TOOL DATA FILE" page
Corresponds to the tool that will be used.
12.2. Parameter Bar “/”
Application: Control the execution of program blocks

The bar parameter "/" is used when it is necessary to prevent the execution of
any blocks in the program, without altering the execution sequence, nor deleting the(s)
block(s).

To do this, type the parameter slash “/” at the beginning of the block that will not be used.
at that moment. On the 'MODE SELECTION' page of the command, the 'SLASH' option is activated.
DELETE. As a result, the marked blocks will be ignored (not read) during execution of
program.

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Note: If the 'SLASH DELETE' option is not enabled, the blocks marked with the parameter
The bar "/" will be read normally during the execution of the program.

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13. Zeroing Scheme

13.1. Calculation of G92

G92X= the part + Tolerance (in ) + > TDFX

G92Z = Plate Length + (Nut - Handle) + Workpiece Length + Clearance + >RG

Backrest

TDFX – "TOOL DATA FILE", by tool (XRAD).

RG- Turn Radius, calculated by tool.

13.2. Calculation of Negative Displacement

X= G92X -> from the machine (750, machine manufacturer's data)

Z = G92Z - maximum machine length (1105, manufacturer's data)

13.3. Calculation of Zero Displacement Piece

G54 = Plate length + (Nut - Handle) (First Plate Offset)

Backrest

G55 = Length of the plate + (Nut - Handle) (Second Plate Offset)

Backrest

13.4. Calculation of the Break-Even Point (By Tool)

Tool 1

PTX1= G92X - (2*TDFX1)

For G54

PTZ1= G92Z - (G54 + TDFZ1)

For G55

PTZ1= G92Z - (G55 + TDFZ1)

The other tools follow the same principle, only replacing the values of
"TDFZ", according to each tool that one wants to determine the exchange point.

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14. Selection Board of the Level of Finish
OPERATION CLASSES SYSTEM OF
READING
FINE FINISH Medium finish Rough finish ROMI device
0.4 0.8 1.6 3.2 6.3 12.5 25 AA-BS-CLA*-Ra
0.4 0.8 1.6 3.2 6.3 12.5 25 Rq - RMS
1.6 2.5 4 6.3 10 16 25 40 63 100 H - R - Rt
16 32 63 125 250 500 1000 AA-BS-CLA*-Ra
16 32 63 125 250 500 1000 Rq - RMS

63 100 160 250 400 630 1000 1600 2500 4000 H - R - Rt

r ADVANCES IN m m / ROTATION(S) FORMULA

0.10 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.01 0.14 0.18
0.15 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.14 0.18 0.22 Roughness in
µmm (H-R-Rt)
0.20 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.14 0, 18 0.22 0.28
0.25 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.14 0.18 0.22 0.28
S2
0,40 0,05 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.14 0.18 0.22 0.28 0.35 R=
4*r
0.50 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.14 0.18 0.22 0, 28 0.35 0.45
0.60 0.07 0.09 0, 11 0.14 0.18 0.22 0.28 0.35 0.45
0.80 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.14 0.18 0.22 0.28 0, 35 0.45 0.56 Advance in mm

1.00 0.09 0.11 0, 14 0.18 0.22 0.28 0.35 0.45 0.56

1.20 0.09 0.11 0.14 0.18 0.22 0.28 0.35 0.45 0.56 0.72 S = 4*R*r

1.50 0.11 0.14 0.18 0.22 0.28 0.35 0.45 0.56 0.72
2.00 0.11 0.14 0.18 0.22 0.28 0.35 0.45 0.56 0.72 0.90
2.40 0.14 0.18 0, 22 0.28 0.35 0.45 0.56 0.72 0.90 r = Radius of the iron-
mint in mm.
4.50 0.18 0.22 0.28 0.35 0.45 0.56 0.72 0.90 1.10 1.40

Computerized Numerical Control - CNC 43 of 43