Transformer Exercises
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ScribdTranslationsProposed transformer exercises 'Electrical Engineering'.
1.- There is a single-phase transformer with the following characteristics, 15KVA,
50Hz, N11500 turns, N2150 turns, R1= 2.7Ω, R20.024Ω,X1= 9.1Ω, X2=
0.088Ω.
Assuming that the voltage in the secondary is 230V operating at full load with
power factor of 0.8 lagging, calculate:
a) The tension in the primary of the transformer under the defined conditions
b) The regulation
Solution
a) V12397.36 volts
b) E = 0.0406
2.- A single-phase distribution transformer of 5 KVA, 50 Hz has a ratio
of transformation of 2300/230 volts, the losses in the iron in no load are 400W,
the vacuum current of 0.3A, the resistance of the primary winding 5Ω and its reactance of
dispersion of 25Ω.
Calculate:
a) The power factor imposed by the transformer at no load
b) The voltage in the secondary when open-circuited, if the applied voltage in the primary is
2300 volts.
Solution
a)cos φv0.58
b) V2= 229.3
A single-phase transformer of 100KVA, 6600/330V, 50Hz, consumed 10A and
436W at 100V in a short circuit test, these figures refer to the high voltage side.
Calculate:
a) the voltage that must be applied on the side of A.T., at full load with a factor of
0.8 power in lagging if the required output voltage must be 330 volts.
Solution
a) V16735 volts
4.-The efficiency of a single-phase transformer of 6600/384, 200KVA, is 0.98
both for full load and for half load (half power) and cosφ the unit
in both cases.
The power factor imposed by the transformer at no load is 0.2 and the regulation at
Full load with a power factor on the load of 0.8, lagging, is 4%.
Calculate:
a) The parameters of the series branch reduced to secondary
b) The parameters of the parallel branch reduced to secondary
Solution
a) Req2= 9.96x10-3; Xeq20.035
b) Rp/ m2= 107Ω ; Xm2= 22Ω
5.-In a single-phase transformer of 50KVA, 15000/380 volts, the losses in the
iron and in the copper at full load were 500 and 800 watts respectively.
Calculate:
a) The optimal utilization factor
b) The apparent power of maximum performance
c) The losses in copper and iron for maximum yield
d) The maximum yield for unit pdf
Solution
a) μ = 0.79
b) Pmax(apparent) = 39.54 KVA
c) Pwith= PFe= 500W for maximum performance
d) Itmax0.97
6.-A single-phase transformer of 50KVA, 2400/240, and 50Hz is subjected to a test.
in empty, the absorbed power is 220W and the imposed power factor is 0.3. Under load
falls by 1.2% and 1.8% of the nominal voltage in the series resistance and reactance.
Calculate:
a) If the transformer supplies 240 volts to a load of 30KW and power factor 0.8, the
absorbed power and the power factor imposed by the set.
Solution
30787 W
6.- There is a single-phase transformer of 50KVA, 15000/300. At nominal voltage and
full load, the measured losses were PIron= 500W; Pwith= 600W. If it is supplied to a
20% lower voltage than the nominal, but the output power remains constant at
full load and cosφ = 1.
Calculate, assuming the voltage drop is negligible:
a) The optimal utilization factor
b) The maximum output power
c) The maximum performance
d) Full load performance
Solution
a) μ = 0.79
b) Pit wasax= 39.5 KVA
c) themax0.9753
d)ηp.c.0.9746
7.-The tests carried out on a three-phase transformer of 50KVA, 4000/200 ∆-Y, have
given the following results:
Empty trial: 4000 volts, 1750 watts, Iv1.3 A
Short-circuit test: 300 volts, 2400 watts at nominal current
Calculate:
a) The equivalent circuit of the transformer
b) The performance at full load with power factor of 0.8
c) The performance at half load with power factor the unit
d) The maximum output at full load, the unit and the optimal utilization factor
e) The conditions under which the maximum voltage drop is obtained while operating the
transformer with a constant modulus intensity. It can be used to
Kapp approximation
Solution
a) Req1= 46.15Ω ; Xeq1= 54.8Ω ; Rp = 27428Ω ; Xm= 5439Ω
b) thep.c.0.906
c)η1/2 p.c.= 0.91
d)ηmax= 0,92 ; μ = 0,85
It will be obtained for a φLat the charge equal to 49.82º
8.-A three-phase transformer Y-∆, 60KVA, 5700/380, feeds a motor at 380V.
40CV, efficiency 0.8 and power factor 0.6. The no-load and short-circuit tests conducted on
transformer resulted in:
Empty test: 5700 volts, PIron2400 watts, cosφv0.48
Short circuit test: V1cc4.8% of the nominal, Pwith= 1589 watts, cosφcc0.54
Calculate:
a) The voltage at the transformer's input when the motor operates at full load
load
b) The performance of the transformer in the same working situation as that of the
section a).
Solution
a) V1= 3448 volts
b) η = 0.902
9.- A three-phase transformer of 100 KVA has no-load losses of 800W and
2200W in the windings at full load.
Calculate:
a) Total losses for full load and half load
b) The performance at full load with power factor cosφ = 0.8 and cosφ = 1
c) The performance at half load with cosφ = 0.8 and cosφ = 1
d) The transformer load for which the maximum efficiency is presented
e) The value of the maximum yield with cosφ = 1
Solution
a) For full load, Total losses = 3000W. For half load, losses
1350W
b) thep.c.= 0.96385 with cosφ = 0.8; ηP.C.= 0.9709 with cosφ = 1
c) the1/2 pint= 0.9673 with cosφ = 0.8 ; η1/2p.c.= 0.9737 with cosφ = 1
d) Pηmax= 60302.26 V.A.
e) themax0.9741 with cosφ = 1
10.- There is a properly designed transformer, with a utilization factor
optimal of 0.8 and maximum yield of 0.9.
It is requested:
a) Calculate the efficiency at half of the nominal power
b) Reason what would happen if the same nominal power were maintained
y:
The section of both windings is reduced.
b.2) The section of the iron core is increased
Solution
a) the1/2 pint0.89
b) b.1) When the section of the windings decreases, their resistance
increases and therefore losses in copper will increase
b.2) By increasing the section of the iron, considering that it is fulfilled
e1= N1dФ/dt , e1it is the voltage applied to the primary winding, N1number of turns of
primary.
The tensions, currents, and flows are sinusoidal quantities of frequency f, for
what E1(effective value) = 4.44 f N1Фmax= 4.44 f N1BmaxSiron
E24.44 f N2Фmax= 4.44 f N2BmaxSfe
By increasing Sironremaining constant E1,f y N1Bmaxdecreases
reducing losses in iron.