Interrupts in 8085 microprocessor
When microprocessor receives any interrupt signal from peripheral(s) which are requesting
its services, it stops its current execution and program control is transferred to a
sub-routine by generating CALL signal and after executing sub-routine by
generating RET signal again program control is transferred to main program from
where it had stopped.
When microprocessor receives interrupt signals, it sends an acknowledgement
(INTA) to the peripheral which is requesting for its service.
Interrupts can be classified into various categories based on different parameters:
1. Hardware and Software Interrupts –
When microprocessors receive interrupt signals through pins (hardware) of
microprocessor, they are known as Hardware Interrupts. There are 5 Hardware
Interrupts in 8085 microprocessor. They are – INTR, RST 7.5, RST 6.5, RST 5.5,
TRAP
Software Interrupts are those which are inserted in between the program which
means these are mnemonics of microprocessor. There are 8 software interrupts
in 8085 microprocessor. They are – RST 0, RST 1, RST 2, RST 3, RST 4, RST 5,
RST 6, RST 7.
Vectored and Non-Vectored Interrupts –
Vectored Interrupts are those which have fixed vector address (starting address of sub-routine) and
after executing these, program control is transferred to that address.
Vector Addresses are calculated by the formula 8 * TYPE
INTERRUPT VECTOR
ADDRESS
TRAP (RST 4.5) 24 H
RST 5.5 2C H
RST 6.5 34 H
RST 7.5 3C H
For Software interrupts vector addresses are given by:
INTERRUPT VECTOR ADDRESS
RST 0 00 H
INTERRUPT VECTOR ADDRESS
RST 1 08 H
RST 2 10 H
RST 3 18 H
RST 4 20 H
RST 5 28 H
RST 6 30 H
RST 7 38 H
Non-Vectored Interrupts are those in which vector address is not predefined.
The interrupting device gives the address of sub-routine for these
interrupts. INTR is the only non-vectored interrupt in 8085 microprocessor.
1. Maskable and Non-Maskable Interrupts –
Maskable Interrupts are those which can be disabled or ignored by the
microprocessor. These interrupts are either edge-triggered or level-triggered,
so they can be disabled. INTR, RST 7.5, RST 6.5, RST 5.5 are maskable
interrupts in 8085 microprocessor.
Non-Maskable Interrupts are those which cannot be disabled or ignored by
microprocessor. TRAP is a non-maskable interrupt. It consists of both level
as well as edge triggering and is used in critical power failure conditions.
Priority of Interrupts –
When microprocessor receives multiple interrupt requests simultaneously, it will execute the interrupt
service request (ISR) according to the priority of the interrupts.
Instruction for Interrupts –
1. Enable Interrupt (EI) – The interrupt enable flip-flop is set and all interrupts are enabled following
the execution of next instruction followed by EI. No flags are affected. After a system reset, the
interrupt enable flip-flop is reset, thus disabling the interrupts. This instruction is necessary to enable
the interrupts again (except TRAP).
2. Disable Interrupt (DI) – This instruction is used to reset the value of enable flip-flop hence disabling
all the interrupts. No flags are affected by this instruction.
3. Set Interrupt Mask (SIM) – It is used to implement the hardware interrupts (RST 7.5, RST 6.5, RST
5.5) by setting various bits to form masks or generate output data via the Serial Output Data (SOD)
line. First the required value is loaded in accumulator then SIM will take the bit pattern from it.
Read Interrupt Mask (RIM) – This instruction is used to read the status of the hardware interrupts
(RST 7.5, RST 6.5, RST 5.5) by loading into the A register a byte which defines the condition of the
mask bits for the interrupts. It also reads the condition of SID (Serial Input Data) bit on the
microprocessor.
