Chapter 2: Functions
EXERCISE 2.1 [PAGES 30 - 31]
Exercise 2.1 | Q 1.1 | Page 30
Check if the following relation is function.
SOLUTION
Yes
Reason:
Every element of set A has been assigned a unique element in set B.
Exercise 2.1 | Q 1.2 | Page 31
Check if the following relation is function.
No.
Reason:
An element of set A has been assigned more than one element from set B.
Exercise 2.1 | Q 1.3 | Page 31
Check if the following relation is function.
SOLUTION
No.
Reason:
Not every element of set A has been assigned an image from set B.
Exercise 2.1 | Q 2.1 | Page 31
Which sets of ordered pairs represent functions from
A = {1,2,3,4} to B = {−1,0,1,2,3}? Justify
{(1,0), (3,3), (2,−1), (4,1), (2,2)}
SOLUTION
{(1, 0), (3, 3), (2, –1), (4, 1), (2, 2)} does not represent a function.
Reason:
(2, –1) and (2, 2) show that element 2∈ A has been assigned two images – 1 and 2 from
set B.
Exercise 2.1 | Q 2.2 | Page 31
Which sets of ordered pairs represent functions from
A = {1,2,3,4} to B = {−1,0,1,2,3}? Justify
{(1,2), (2,−1), (3,1), (4,3)}
SOLUTION
{(1, 2), (2, –1), (3, 1), (4, 3)} represents a function. Reason:
Every element of set A has a unique image in set B.
Exercise 2.1 | Q 2.3 | Page 31
Which set of ordered pair represent function from
A = {1,2,3,4}to B = {−1,0,1,2,3}? Justify.
{(1,3), (4,1), (2,2)}
SOLUTION
{(1, 3), (4, 1), (2, 2)} does not represent a function.
Reason:
3∈ A does not have an image in set B.
Exercise 2.1 | Q 2.4 | Page 31
Which set of ordered pair represent function from
A = {1,2,3,4}to B = {−1,0,1,2,3}? Justify
{(1,1), (2,1), (3,1), (4,1)}
SOLUTION
{(1, 1), (2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1)} represents a function Reason:
Every element of set A has been assigned a unique image in set B.
Exercise 2.1 | Q 3.1 | Page 31
If f(m) = m2 − 3m + 1, find f(0)
SOLUTION
f(m) = m2 – 3m +1
f(0) = 02 – 3(0) + 1 = 1
Exercise 2.1 | Q 3.2 | Page 31
If f(m) = m2 − 3m + 1, find f(−3)
SOLUTION
f(–3) = (–3)2 – 3(–3) + 1
= 9 + 9 + 1 = 19
SOLUTION
Exercise 2.1 | Q 3.4 | Page 31
If ƒ(m) = m2 − 3m + 1, find ƒ(x + 1)
SOLUTION
ƒ(x + 1) = (x + 1)2 – 3(x + 1) + 1
= x2 + 2x + 1 – 3x – 3 + 1
= x2 – x – 1
Exercise 2.1 | Q 3.5 | Page 31
If ƒ(m) = m2 − 3m + 1, find ƒ(−x)
SOLUTION
ƒ(–x) = (–x)2 – 3 (–x) + 1
= x2 + 3x + 1
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
Exercise 2.1 | Q 4.3 | Page 31
Find x, if g(x) = 0 where
g(x) = 6x2 + x −2
SOLUTION
g(x) = 6x2 + x −2
g(x) = 0
∴ 6x2 + x – 2 = 0
∴ 6x2 + 4x −3x −2 = 0
∴ 2x(3x + 2) −1(3x + 2) = 0
∴ (2x – 1) (3x + 2) = 0
∴ 2x – 1 = 0 or 3x + 2 = 0
Exercise 2.1 | Q 5 | Page 31
Find x, if ƒ(x) = g(x) where
ƒ(x) = x4 + 2x2, g (x) = 11x2
SOLUTION
ƒ(x) = x4 + 2x2, g(x) = 11x2
ƒ(x) = g(x)
∴ x4 + 2x2 = 11x2
∴ x4 – 9x2 = 0
∴ x2 (x2 – 9) = 0
∴ x = 0 or x2 – 9 = 0
∴ x = 0 or x2 = 9
∴ x = 0 or x = ±3
Exercise 2.1 | Q 6 | Page 31
If (x) ={x2 + 3, x≤2, 5x+ 7, x>2 , then find
f(3)
f(2)
f(0)
SOLUTION
x2 + 3, x≤2, 5x+ 7, x>2
i. f(3) = 5(3) + 7 = 15 + 7 = 22
ii. f(2) = 22 + 3 = 4 + 3 = 7
iii. f(0) = 02 + 3 = 3
Exercise 2.1 | Q 7 | Page 31
If ƒ(x) ={ 4x – 2,
x ≤ – 3 5,
–3 < x < 3,
x2,
x ≥3 then find ƒ(–4), ƒ(–3),ƒ(1), ƒ(5)
SOLUTION
ƒ(x) =4x – 2,
x ≤ – 3 5,
–3 < x < 3,
x2,
x ≥3
i. f(– 4) = 4(– 4) – 2 = – 16 – 2 = –18
ii. f(–3) = 4(–3) – 2 = – 12 – 2 = –14
iii. f(1) = 5
iv. f(5) = 52 = 25
Exercise 2.1 | Q 8.1 | Page 31
If ƒ(x) = 3x + 5, g(x) = 6x − 1, then find (ƒ+g) (x)
SOLUTION
ƒ(x) = 3x + 5, g(x) = 6x – 1
(ƒ+ g) x = ƒ(x) + g(x)
= 3x + 5 + 6x – 1 = 9x + 4
Exercise 2.1 | Q 8.2 | Page 31
If ƒ(x) = 3x + 5, g(x) = 6x – 1, then find (ƒ – g) (2)
SOLUTION
(ƒ – g) (2) = ƒ(2) – g(2)
= [3 (2) + 5] – [6 (2) – 1]
= 6 + 5 – 12 + 1= 0
Exercise 2.1 | Q 8.3 | Page 31
If ƒ(x) = 3x + 5, g(x) = 6x – 1, then find (f g) (3)
SOLUTION
(ƒ g) (3) = ƒ(3) g (3)
= [3 (3) + 5] [6 (3) – 1]
= (14) (17) = 238
SOLUTION
Exercise 2.1 | Q 9.1 | Page 31
If ƒ(x) = 2x2 + 3, g (x) = 5x − 2, then find f ◦ g
SOLUTION
f(x) = 2x2 + 3, g(x) = 5x – 2
(fog) (x) = ƒ(g(x)) = ƒ(5x – 2)
= 2(5x – 2)2 + 3
= 2(25 x2 – 20x + 4) + 3
= 50x2 – 40x + 8 + 3
= 50x2 – 40x + 11
Exercise 2.1 | Q 9.2 | Page 31
If ƒ(x) = 2x 2 + 3, g(x) = 5x – 2, then find g of
SOLUTION
(g of) (x) = g(f (x)) = g(2x 2 + 3)
= 5(2x2 + 3) – 2
= 10 x2 + 15 – 2
= 10 x2 + 13
NOTES
(gof) (x) = g(f (x)) = g(2x2 + 3)
= 5(2x2 + 3) – 2
= 10 x 2 + 15 – 2
= 10 x 2 + 13
Exercise 2.1 | Q 9.3 | Page 31
If f(x) = 2x2 + 3, g(x) = 5x – 2, then find fof
SOLUTION
(fof) (x) = f(f(x)) = f(2x2 + 3)
= 2(2x2 + 3)2 + 3
= 2 (4x4 + 12x2 + 9) + 3
= 8x4 + 24x2 + 18 + 3
= 8x4 + 24x2 + 21
Exercise 2.1 | Q 9.4 | Page 31
If f(x) = 2x2 + 3, g(x) = 5x – 2, then find gog
SOLUTION
(gog) (x) = g (g (x)) = g (5x – 2)
= 5(5x – 2) – 2
= 25x – 10 – 2
= 25x – 12
MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISE 2 [PAGE 32]
Miscellaneous Exercise 2 | Q 1.1 | Page 32
Which of the following relations are functions? If it is a function determine its domain
and range.
{(2, 1), (4, 2), (6, 3), (8, 4), (10, 5), (12, 6), (14, 7)}
SOLUTION
{(2, 1), (4, 2), (6, 3), (8, 4), (10, 5) (12, 6), (14, 7)}
Every element of set A has been assigned a unique element in set B.
∴ Given relation is a function.
Domain = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14},
Range = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
Miscellaneous Exercise 2 | Q 1.2 | Page 32
Which of the following relations are functions? If it is a function determine its domain
and range.
{(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, −1), (4, 2), (4, −2), (9, 3), (9, −3), (16, 4), (16, -4)}
SOLUTION
{(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, –1), (4, 2), (4, –2), (9, 3), (9, –3), (16, 4), (16, – 4)}
∵ (1, 1), (1, –1) ∈ the relation
∴ Given relation is not a function. As the element 1 of the domain has not been
assigned a unique element of co-domain.
Miscellaneous Exercise 2 | Q 1.3 | Page 32
Which of the following relations are functions? If it is a function determine its domain
and range.
{(1, 1), (3, 1), (5, 2)}
SOLUTION
{(1, 1), (3, 1), (5, 2)}
Every element of set A has been assigned a unique element in set B.
∴ Given relation is a function.
Domain = {1, 3, 5}, Range = {1, 2}
Miscellaneous Exercise 2 | Q 2 | Page 32
A function ƒ: R→R defined by ƒ(x) = x∈R. Show that f is one-one and onto.
Hence find f −1
SOLUTION
First we have to prove that f is one-one function for that we have to prove if f(x 1) = f(x2)
then x1 = x2
∴ f is a one-one function. Now, we have to prove that f is an onto function. Let y ∈ R be
such that y = f(x)
∴ for any y ∈ co-domain R, there exist an element x = domain R such that
f(x) = y
∴ f is an onto function.
∴ f is one-one onto function.
∴ f -1 exists
Miscellaneous Exercise 2 | Q 3 | Page 32
A function f is defined as follows
f(x) = 4x + 5, for −4 ≤ x < 0.
Find the values of f(−1), f(−2), f(0), if they exist.
SOLUTION
f(x) = 4x + 5, – 4 ≤ x < 0
f(–1) = 4(–1) + 5 = –4 + 5 = 1
f(–2) = 4(–2) + 5 = –8 + 5 = –3
x = 0 ∉ domain of f
∴ f(0) does not exist.
Miscellaneous Exercise 2 | Q 4 | Page 32
A function f is defined as follows: f(x) = 5 − x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 4 Find the value of x such that
f(x) = 3
SOLUTION
f(x) = 5 -x
f(x) = 3
∴5–x=3
∴x=5–3=2
Miscellaneous Exercise 2 | Q 5 | Page 32
If f(x) = 3x2 − 5x + 7 find f(x − 1).
SOLUTION
f(x) = 3x2 – 5x + 7
∴ f(x – 1) = 3(x – 1)2 – 5(x – 1) + 7
= 3(x2 -2x + 1) -5(x -1) + 7
= 3x2 - 6x + 3 - 5x + 5 + 7
= 3x2 - 11x + 15
Miscellaneous Exercise 2 | Q 6 | Page 32
If f(x) = 3x + a and f(1) = 7 find a and f(4).
SOLUTION
f(x) = 3x + a
f(1) = 7
∴ 3(1) + a = 7
∴a=7–3=4
∴ f(x) = 3x + 4
∴ f(4) = 3(4) + 4 = 12 + 4 = 16
Miscellaneous Exercise 2 | Q 7 | Page 32
If f(x) = ax2 + bx + 2 and f(1) = 3, f(4) = 42. find a and b.
SOLUTION
f(x) = ax2 + bx + 2
f(1) = 3
∴ a(1)2 + b(1) + 2 = 3
∴ a + b = 1 …(i)
∴ f(4) = 42
∴ a(4)2 + b(4) + 2 = 42
∴ 16a + 4b = 40
Dividing by 4, we get
4a + b = 10 …(ii)
Solving (i) and (ii), we get
a = 3, b = –2
SOLUTION
Miscellaneous Exercise 2 | Q 9 | Page 32
SOLUTION
