The Object-Oriented
Paradigm
CCPROG3 – AY2223T3 – ETighe
Outline
• Overview of Programming Paradigms
• Basic Concepts of OOP
Looking back…
• Let’s look back at what you’ve (hopefully) learned so far...
CCPROG1 CCPROG2 CCPROG3
Programming Basics and Logic Structured Data Object Orientation
■ Variables ■ Arrays ■ Objects
■ Functions ■ Strings ■ Classes
■ Conditionals ■ Structures ■ Relationships
■ Loops ■ Files
Slides c/o Ms. Candy Espulgar
So… what do we understand
when we hear the phrase
programming paradigm?
Programming Paradigm
• Is a fundamental style of programming
• Answers the question…
“How do I think about and solve a problem?”
• Programming paradigms are different from
programming languages
Anyone care to differentiate the two?
Programming Paradigm vs Programming Language
Programming Paradigm Programming Language
• Influences programming • Is influenced by a
languages programming paradigm
• Serves as the philosophy • Can be influenced by
behind a programming multiple paradigms
language • Need not apply all the
• Gives the rationale behind “philosophies” of the
the programming language paradigms that influences it
What are some examples of
programming paradigms?
Programming paradigms
• Some examples of programming paradigms include:
• Procedural Programming
• Functional Programming
• Object-Oriented Programming
• Logical Programming
Programming paradigms
• Some examples of programming paradigms include:
• Procedural Programming
• Functional Programming
• Object-Oriented Programming
• Logical Programming
What’s your understanding of
procedural programming?
Procedural Programming
int main() { int blah(int blah) { int main() { struct ba { Command or
code…; code…; code…; code…; instruction driven
code…; code…; code…; code…;
code…; code…; blah(1); }
code…; return blah; code…; Commands can be
code…; } code…; generalized to
code…; code…;
Organized code functions
code…;
Reusability / Modularity code…;
code…; blah(2);
code…; code…; Functions and
code…; code…; structures also
code…; code…;
code…; code…;
provide the idea of
code…; code…; abstraction
code…; code…;
code…; code…;
Data can more often
code…; return 0;
code…; } be accessed anywhere
code…; within the program
code…;
code…;
return 0;
}
What about object-oriented
programming?
Object-Oriented Programming
Main Code
Square square = new Square(5);
square.setSideLength(4)
What characteristics would a square square.getArea() // returns 16
typical have? What’s happening?
-sideLength public class Square {
-area private int sideLength;
I’m a square! What might you want a square to do?
private int area;
J +getSideLength() public Square(int sideLength) {
+setSideLength() this.sideLength = sideLength;
+getArea() this.area = sideLength * sideLength;
}
public int getSideLength() {
return this.SideLength;
}
// and so on…
}
Object-Oriented Programming
• Real-world objects are treated as entities that…
• can be composed of variables (attributes), and
• can perform some action (methods)
• Allows for objects to interact with each other within an
environment
• Highly encourages generalization and abstraction
Object-Oriented Programming
• Provides for more complex programming features
• Granting you greater control over…
• how data is stored or grouped,
• how processes are executed, and
• where each process originates from
• With more complexity comes more responsibilities
• Greater effort is expected from the programmer
Slides c/o Ms. Candy Espulgar
Object-Oriented Programming
• Keep in mind, OOP isn’t entirely new – there are just
new ways to view creating solutions
• More complex programming concepts are built on top
of simpler programming concepts
PROCEDURES FUNCTIONS STRUCTURES OBJECTS
Slides c/o Ms. Candy Espulgar
Object-Oriented Programming
• However, don’t be afraid!
• The added complexity allows for the simulation of more
complex systems
• Also allows for the solving large scale problems
through representations, behaviors, and relationships
Slides c/o Ms. Candy Espulgar
Object-Oriented Programming
Modelling complex relationships become possible
Slides c/o Ms. Candy Espulgar
Object-Oriented Programming
Modelling complex relationships become possible
SUN
If a Plant feeds on
my Sunlight, it will
grow()
Slides c/o Ms. Candy Espulgar
Object-Oriented Programming
Modelling complex relationships become possible
SUN
If a Plant feeds on
my Sunlight, it will
grow()
PLANT
If I feed on
Sunlight, I will
grow()
Slides c/o Ms. Candy Espulgar
If we imagine a Plant
can feed on Sunlight
and grow
Then we could design an OO solution such that…
Plant plant = new Plant();
Sunlight sunlight = new Sunlight();
plant.feed(sunlight);
Where the method feed affects the Plant object in some manner
Slides c/o Ms. Candy Espulgar
Object-Oriented Programming
• Classes
• Is a template or blueprint from which instances of objects
may be created (via a process called instantiation)
• Objects
• Each object is an instance of a class (i.e. distinct)
• Has its own copy of attributes (i.e. the actual values)
• Can act in the way the class was designed
Slides c/o Ms. Candy Espulgar
Object-Oriented Programming
INSTANTIATION
OWL CLASS OWL OBJECTS
We’ll discuss more on these concepts when
we officially tackle Classes and Objects
Slides c/o Ms. Candy Espulgar
Any questions so far?
In your own words, how
would you differentiate
procedural from OO
programming?
Summary
• A programming paradigm is a style or philosophy of
programming
• The Object-Oriented Paradigm…
• Encourages for the modeling of real-world objects
• Provides more complex programming features, which
entails that OO solutions can…
• Better model complex systems
• Be more complex to build
Summary
• Objects…
• have characteristics (attributes) and can perform actions
(methods)
• Are distinct from other objects and are based on classes,
which act like templates
-fin-
