CHAPTER 4 – BUOYANCY

Archimedes’ Principle – Any body immersed in a fluid is acted upon by an unbalanced

force called the buoyant force.

Buoyant force – A buoyant force is defined to be the net force from fluid pressure acting
on the surface of an object that is either completely or partially submerged in a fluid at
rest. The buoyant force must have zero horizontal components and a vertical component
equal to the weight displaced by the physical object.

Partially submerged Completely submerged

VD

𝐕𝐃

B
F
BF

BF = 𝛄𝐟𝐥𝐮𝐢𝐝 𝐕𝐃

where:

γfluid = unit weight of fluid

VD = volume displaced
❖ For homogenous body floating on a homogenous liquid.

𝛄𝐛𝐨𝐝𝐲 𝛒𝐛𝐨𝐝𝐲 𝐬𝐛𝐨𝐝𝐲

𝐕𝐃 = 𝐕𝐛𝐨𝐝𝐲 𝐕𝐃 = 𝐕𝐛𝐨𝐝𝐲 𝐕𝐃 = 𝐕𝐛𝐨𝐝𝐲
𝛄𝐥𝐢𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐝 𝛒𝐥𝐢𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐝 𝐬𝐥𝐢𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐝
 ❖ For a homogenous body with a constant cross-sectional area A, floating on a
homogenous liquid.

Vertical position Horizontal position

D 𝑨𝒔

𝑺𝒃𝒐𝒅𝒚 𝑺𝒃𝒐𝒅𝒚
D= H 𝑨𝒔 = A
𝑺𝒍𝒊𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒅 𝑺𝒍𝒊𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒅

EXAMPLE 1: An iceberg having a specific gravity of 0.96 is floating on salt water. If

the volume of ice above sea water surface is 100 cubic meters, what is the total volume of
the iceberg?

SOLUTION:
Total volume of the iceberg 100 m3
Vice = VD + 100m3
VD = Vice − 100 VD
s = 0.96
s
VD = ice Vice
ssw
0.96
Vice − 100 = Vice
1.03
Vice = 1471.43 m 3
EXAMPLE 2: A piece of irregularly shaped metal weighs 320 N in air. When the metal
is completely submerged in water, it weighs 250 N. Find the volume and the unit weight
of the metal ball.
320 N
SOLUTION: Air
Let: γ = unit weight of metal
V = volume of metal

When the metal weighs in air,

 Fv = 0 W
320N = W
γV = 320 → eq.1 BF = (negligible) ≈ 0

When the metal weighs in water,

 Fv = 0 250 N
250 + BF = W
250 + γ W V = γV
250 + 9810V = γV → eq.2 Water

Equate equation 1 and 2 W

250 + 9810V = 320
V = 0.00714 m 3
BF = γwV
γV = 320
γ(0.00714) = 320
γ = 44845.71 N/m 3

EXAMPLE 3: A cube of timber 1.5 m on each side floats in water. The specific gravity
of the timber is 0.60. Find the submerged depth of the cube.

SOLUTION:
s
D = timber H
sw
0.6
D= (1.5m) 1.5 m
1
D = 0.9 m D
EXAMPLE 4: A concrete cube 10 inches on each side is to be held in equilibrium under
water by attaching a lightweight foam buoy to it. If the specific gravity of concrete and
foam are 2.4 and 0.08 respectively, what minimum volume of foam is required?

SOLUTION:
Weight of the steel
W1 = 1V1 = s1 w V1
where: V1 = Total volume of steel
s1 = specific gravity of steel
3 W1
 lb  10 
W1 = ( 2.4) 62.4 3  ft  Steel:
 ft  12  s = 2.4
W1 = 86.67lb
BF1
Buoyant force of steel W2
BF1 =  w VD(1) Foam:
s = 0.08

Both objects are totally submerged in water, thus, BF2

3
lb  10 
BF1 =  w V1 = 62.4 3  ft 
ft  12 
BF1 = 36.11 lb

Weight of foam:
W2 =  2 V2 = s 2  w V2
where: V2 = Total volume of foam
s2 = specific gravity of foam
 lb 
W2 = (0.08)  62.4 3  V2
 ft 
W2 = 4.992V2

Buoyant force of Foam

BF2 =  w VD( 2)

Both objects are totally submerged in water, thus,

lb
BF2 =  w V2 = 62.4 3 V2
ft
Solving for the minimum volume of foam
 Fv = 0
W1 + W2 = BF1 + BF2
86.67 lb +4.992V2 = 36.11 lb +62.4V2
57.408V2 =50.56

V2 =0.881 ft 3 → answer

EXAMPLE 5: To what depth will a 2.50 m – diameter log 5 m long and specific gravity
0.425 sink in fresh water?

SOLUTION:
slog
As = A
sw
0.425 r r
As = π(1.25m) 2 θ
1
As D
As = 2.08621m 2

A s = A sec tor − A triangle

θ 1
A s = πr 2 − r 2 sin(θ)
360 2
θ 1
2.08621 = π(1.25) 2 − (1.25) 2 sin(θ)
360 2
θ = 166.44

r−D
cos(θ / 2) = θ/2 r
r
r-D
1.25 − D
cos(166.44 / 2) =
1.25
D = 1.102 m

EXAMPLE 6: A block of steel (s.g. = 7.85) will float at mercury – water interface as
shown in the figure. What will be the ratio of distances a and b for this condition?

water
a
steel
b
mercury
SOLUTION:
Weight of the steel, W
W = γsteel Vsteel
W = ssteel γ w (a + b)(A)
a

Buoyant force produced by the water, BF1

b
BF1 = γ w VD(water) W
BF1 = γ w aA
BF1
Buoyant force produced by the mercury, BF2
BF2 = γ hg VD(water) BF2
BF2 = s hg γ w bA

F v =0
BF1 + BF2 − W = 0
γ w aA + s hg γ w bA − ssteel γ w (a + b)(A) = 0
a + s hg b − ssteel (a + b) = 0
a + s hg b − assteel − bssteel = 0
a(1 − ssteel ) + b(s hg − ssteel ) = 0
a(1 − ssteel ) − b(ssteel − s hg ) = 0
a(1 − ssteel ) = b(ssteel − s hg )
a ssteel − s hg
=
b 1 − ssteel
a 7.85 − 13.6
=
b 1 − 7.85
a
= 0.8394
b
 PROBLEM SET - 5
Instruction: Do as required. Present in writing the full details of your answer or
solutions. The grades you earn for each item will be based on correctness, completeness
and clarity of presentation.

SITUATION 1 (1-3): An object weighs 4 N in water and 5 N in alcohol having a

specific gravity of 0.80. Assume unit weight of water is 9.79 KN/m3.

1. Find the volume of the object.

a. 0.0005107 m3 c. 0.0005407 m3
b. 0.0005807 m3 d. 0.0005507 m3
2. Find the weight of the object.
a. 10 N c. 13 N
b. 12 N d. 9 N
3. Find the specific gravity of the object.
a. 0.178 c. 0.183
b. 0.123 d. 0.234

SITUATION 2(4-6): A hollow cylinder 1.2 m. in diameter and 2 m. long weighs 3790
N.

4. How many KN of lead weighing 110 KN/m3 must be fastened to the bottom to make
the cylinder float vertically with 1.50 m submerged in water?
a. 14.11 KN c. 12.89 KN
b. 16.22 KN d. 11.67 KN
5. How many KN of lead weighing 110 KN/m3 must be placed inside the cylinder to
make the cylinder float vertically with 1.50 m submerged in water?
a. 15.45KN c. 12.85 KN
b. 16.13 KN d. 17.45 KN
6. What additional load must be placed inside the cylinder to make the top of cylinder
flush with the water surface?
a. 6.66 KN c. 7.55 KN
b. 4.44 KN d. 5.55 KN

7. A block of wood if placed in water will float with 6’’ projecting above the water
surface while if placed in alcohol (s = 0.82) will float with 4’projecting above the
alcohol surface. Find the specific gravity of the wood.
a. 0.603 c. 0.812
b. 0.587 d. 0.491

8. A block of wood 0.10 m thick is floating in sea water. The specific gravity of wood
is 0.63 while of that seawater is 1.03. Find the minimum area of a block which will
support a man weighing 80 kg.
a. 2.00 m2 c. 3.00 m2
b. 1.50 m2 d. 2.50 m2
9. A block of concrete weighs 100 lbf in air and weighs only 60 lbf when immersed in
fresh water. What is the average specific weight of the block?
a. 176 lbf/ft3 c. 156 lbf/ft3
b. 166 lbf/ft3 d. 186 lbf/ft3

10. A concrete block weighs 350 kg in air and when it is submerged completely in water
weighs 240 kg. Find the volume of the concrete block.
a. 12 m3 c. 14 m3
b. 11 m3 d. 10 m3

11. A wooden body of specific gravity of 0.70 floats in a liquid with specific gravity of
0.80. The volume above the surface is what percent of the total volume of the body?
a. 13.5% c. 11.5%
b. 14.5% d. 12.5%

SITUATION 3(12-13): Two spheres, each 1.3 m in diameter, weighs 5 KN and 13KN,
respectively. They are connected with a short rope and placed in water.

12. What is the tension in the rope?

a. 1.74 KN c. 1.94 KN
b. 1.84 KN d. 1.674 KN
13. What portion of the lighter sphere protrudes from the water?
a. 50.27% c. 60.27%
b. 30.27% d. 40.27%

14. A wooden beam of specific gravity 0.65 is 0.15 m by 0.15 m by 5 m is hinged at A,

as shown in the figure. At what angle Ѳ will the beam float in water?

2m
Ѳ

a. 38.22˚ c. 43.22˚
b. 33.22˚ d. 23.22
16. A wooden pole (s.g. = 0.55) has a concrete cylinder (s.g. = 2.55) attached to the end.
Determine the minimum length of pole for the system to float vertically in static
equilibrium.

a. 1.89 m
L
b. 2.22 m
c. 1.55 m
d. 1.78 m
0.55 m

D = 0.55 m

17. A solid metal piece floats at the interface of mercury and water such that 40% of its
volume is submerged in mercury and 60% in water. Find the specific weight of the
metal piece.
a. 54.24 KN/m3 c. 61.24 KN/m3
3
b. 56.24 KN/m d. 59.24 KN/m3

18. A cylindrical vessel of 150 mm inner diameter is filled with liquid of specific
gravity 0.8 up to a depth of 100 mm. A solid cylinder of 100 mm height and 100 mm
diameter, weighing 4N is immersed in the liquid contained in the cylinder. Find the
level of liquid at which the solid cylinder will float (final depth of liquid).
a. 128.84 mm c. 138.22 mm
b. 138.64 mm d. 114.45 mm

19. A 3 m long wooden stick of cross-sectional area 0.01 m2 is made to float vertically
in water with 0.6 m length above the water surface by attaching a lead piece at the
lower end of the stick. Find out the weight of lead to be attached if the specific
weight of wood 6 KN/m3 and that of lead is 120 KN/m3.
a. 80.38 N c. 60.38 N
b. 70.38 N d. 50.38 N

20. The top portion of 0.6 m diameter cylindrical block is made of wood and the bottom
portion is made of concrete. The length of concrete portion is 0.6 m. Determine the
minimum length of the wooden portion so that the system floats in static equilibrium
with axis vertical. Take the specific gravity of wood and concrete as 0.5 and 2.5
respectively.
a. 1.625 m c. 1.725 m
b. 1.825 m d. 1.925 m

21. A body of dimension 4 m x 1.25 m x 2 m floats in sea water with its 4 m x 1.25 m
facing upwards. The specific gravity of the material of the body and that of sea
 water are 0.64 and 1.025 respectively. Find the volume of liquid displaced and the
position of the center of buoyancy measure from the base.
a. 0.624 m c. 0.624 m
b. 0.624 m d. 0.624 m

22. If a concrete cube 300 mm in a side is completely submerged in a liquid having a

specific gravity of 4.70, what downward force is necessary to hold the cube in
equilibrium? specific gravity of concrete cube is 2.35.
a. 0.522 KN c. 0.622 KN
b. 0.722 KN d. 0.822 KN

SITUATION 4(23-25): A container holds two layers of different liquids, one liquid
having specific gravity of 1.2 is 200 mm deep and the other liquid having a specific
gravity of 1.5 is 250 mm deep. A solid spherical metal having a diameter of 225 mm and
specific gravity of 7.4 is submerged such a manner that half of the sphere is the top layer
and the other half in the bottom layer of liquids.
23. Compute the weight of the spherical ball
a. 433 KN c. 444 KN
b. 455 KN d. 422 KN
24. Compute the buoyant force acting on the ball
a. 77 KN c. 79 KN
b. 81 KN d. 83 KN
25. Compute the tension in the wire holding the sphere to maintain equilibrium
a. 356 KN c. 354 KN
b. 352 KN d. 350 KN

SITUATION 5(26-28): A tank with vertical sides is 1.20 m square, 3.0 m deep and is
filled to a depth of 2.70 m of water. A cube of wood having a specific gravity of 0.50
measuring 60 cm on an edge is placed in the water so that it will float.
26. Find the weight of volume of water displaced
a. 1.08 cu.m. c. 1.07 cu.m.
b. 1.06 cu.m. d. 1.09 cu.m.
27. Determine the depth that the water will rise inside the tank from its original water
level
a. 0.30 m c. 0.15 m
b. 0.075 m d. 0.60 m
28. What will be the change in hydrostatic force on one side of the tank?
a. 2.417 KN c. 3.417 KN
b. 1.417 KN d. 4.417 KN
29. An object with a volume of 1400 cm3 weighs 30 N. What will it weigh when fully
submerged in water?
a. 17.36 N c. 15.21 N
b. 16.27 N d. 14.98 N

SITUATION 6(30-32): A 0.6 m diameter log 2.5 m long and sp.gr. 0.653 floats in salt
water (s = 1.025).
30. What is the weight of the log in KN?
a. 4.365 c. 4.825
 b. 4.285 d. 4.528
31. What part of the log is exposed?
a. 85.4% c. 74.5%
b. 63.7% d. 36.3%
32. To what depth will the log sink in water?
a. 36.5 cm c. 26.4 cm
b. 42.1 cm d. 63.5 cm

SITUATION 7(33-35): A 20 mm x 20 mm x 4.3 m spar has 7.5 kg steel weight attached

as shown in the figure. The buoy has lodged against a rock 2.5 m deep. Assume the rock
exerts exerts no moment on the buoy. The wood has a specific gravity of 0.68

2.5 m

rock

33. Compute for the weight of wood in newtons

a. 12.54 c. 10.58
b. 13.69 d. 11.47
34. What is the buoyant force acting on the wood, in newtons
a. 16.87 c. 12.54
b. 14.57 d. 13.91
35. What is the value of the angle θ in degrees.
a. 56.36 c. 46.58
b. 44.83 d. 40.21

36. A cube A is 30 cm along each edge and weighs 1445 N. It is attached to the square
prism B, which is 15 cm x 15 cm x 2.4 m and weighs 4.70 KN/m3. What length of B
will project above the liquid surface if the relative density of the liquid is 1.50?
a. 1.37 m c. 1.47 m
b. 1.27 m d. 1.57 m

37. A block of wood is 20 mm thick floating in seawater. The specific gravity of wood
is 0.65 while that of seawater is 1.03. Find the area of a block of wood, which will
just support a man weighing 80 kg when the top surface is just at the water surface.
a. 10.5 m2 c. 12.5 m2
b. 11.5 m2 d. 13.5 m2
SITUATION 8(38-40): A prismatic object 200 mm thick by 200 mm wide 400 mm long
is weighed in water at a depth of 500 mm and found to be 50 N.
38. Find its weight.
a. 236.96 N c. 226.96 N
b. 216.96 N d. 206.96 N
39. Find its specific gravity.
a. 1.42 c. 1.22
b. 1.32 d. 1.52
40. Find its specific weight.
a. 11,935 N/m3 c. 13,935 N/m3
b. 10,935 N/m3 d. 12,935 N/m3

SITUATION 9(41-43): The weight of a certain crown in air is 14 N and its weight in
water is 12.7 N. Assuming that the crown is an alloy of gold (sp.gr. =19.3) and silver
(sp.gr. =10.5), Assume unit weight of water is 9.97 kN/m3.
41. Compute the volume of the crown.
a. 0.0001428 m3 c. 0.0001528 m3
b. 0.0001328 m3 d. 0.0001228 m3
42. Compute the specific gravity of the crown.
a. 10.77 c. 12.77
b. 11.77 d. 13.77
43. Compute the fraction of silver in the crown.
a. 0.939 c. 0.969
b. 0.671 d. 0.901

44. A boat from salt water (sp. gr. = 1.03) to fresh water (sp. gr.= 1.0) sinks 7.5 cm and
after burning 72,000 kg of coal rises up by 15.50 cm. find the original displacement
of the boat in the sea water in kN.
a. 11,734.12 KN c. 12,734.12 KN
b. 13,734.12 KN d. 10,734.12 KN

45. A piece of wood 305 mm (1 ft) square and 3 m (10 ft) long, weighing 6288.46 N/m3
(40 lb/ft3), is submerged vertically in a body of water, its upper end being flush with
the water surface. What vertical force is required to hold it in position?
a. 962.77 N c. 982.77 N
b. 972.77 N d. 992.77 N

SITUATION 10(46-48): A 0.6 m diameter log 2.5 m long and sp.gr. 0.653 floats in salt
water (s = 1.025).

46. What is the weight of the log in KN?

a. 4.365 c. 4.825
b. 4.285 d. 4.528
47. What part of the log is exposed?
a. 85.4% c. 74.5%
b. 63.7% d. 36.3%
48. To what depth will the log sink in water?
a. 36.5 cm c. 26.4 cm
 b. 42.1 cm d. 63.5 cm

49. A rectangular block of wood, floats with one face horizontal in a fluid (S = 0.9). The
wood density is 750 kg/m3. Determine the percentage of wood, which is floated.
a. 17% c. 27%
b. 21% d. 24%

50. A ship having a displacement of 25,000 tons and a draft of 35 feet in ocean enters a
harbor of fresh water. If the horizontal section of the ship at the waterline is 32,000
sq. ft, what depth of fresh water is required to float the ship? Assume that marine ton
is 2,240 lb and that sea water and fresh water weigh 64 lb/ft 3 and 62 lb/ft3,
respectively.
a. 34.88 ft c. 35.88 ft
b. 36.88 ft d. 37.88 ft

SITUATION 11(51-52): A 7-cm-diameter solid aluminum ball (SG = 2.7) and a solid
brass ball (SG = 8.5) balance nicely when submerged in a liquid, as in the figure
51. If the fluid is water at 20C, what is the diameter of the brass ball?
a. 4.168 cm c. 4.368 cm
b. 4.268 cm d. 4.468 cm
52. If the brass ball has a diameter of 3.8 cm, what is the density of the fluid?
a. 1395.4 kg/m3 c. 1495.4 kg/m3
b. 1295.4 kg/m3 d. 1595.4 kg/m3

Aluminum Brass

SITUATION 12(53-54): The uniform 5-m-long round wooden rod as shown in the
figure is tied to the bottom by a string. Determine
53. the tension in the string and
a. 39.45 N c. 34.45 N
b. 32.45 N d. 37.45 N
54. the specific gravity of the wood.
a. 0.74 c. 0.84
b. 0.54 d. 0.64
 D =8 cm

θ
string

55. Salt water has a greater density than freshwater. A boat floats in both freshwater and
salt water. The buoyant force on the boat in salt water is _______ that in freshwater.
a. equal to c. smaller than
b. larger than d. twice

56. You fill a tall glass with ice and then add water to the level of the glass’s rim, so
some fraction of the ice floats above the rim. When the ice melts, what happens to
the water level? (Neglect evaporation, and assume that the ice and water remain at 0
°C during the melting process.)
a. The water overflows the rim.
b. The water level drops below the rim.
c. The water level stays at the rim.
d. It depends on the difference in density between water and ice.

57. You are in a boat filled with large rocks in the middle of a small pond. You begin to
drop the rocks into the water. What happens to the water level of the pond?
a. It rises.
b. It falls.
c. It doesn’t change.
d. It rises momentarily and then falls when the rocks hit bottom.
e. There is not enough information to say.

58. A beaker is filled with water to the rim. Gently placing a plastic toy duck in the
beaker causes some of the water to spill out. The weight of the beaker with the duck
floating in it is
a. greater than the weight before adding the duck.
b. less than the weight before adding the duck.
c. the same as the weight before adding the duck.
d. greater or less than the weight before the duck was added, depending on the
weight of the duck.

59. A piece of cork (density = 0.33 g/cm3) with a mass of 10 g is held in place under
water by a string, as shown in the figure. What is the tension, T, in the string?
a. 0.10 N d. 0.20 N
b. 0.30 N e. 100 N
 c. 200 N f. 300 N

60. Determine the submerged depth of a cube of steel 0.3 m on each side floating in
mercury. The specific gravities of steel and mercury are 7.8 and 13.6 respectively.
a. 0.155 m c. 0.165 m
b. 0.134 m d. 0.172 m

61. A block of wood floats in water with 5 cm projecting above the water surface. When
placed in glycerine of specific gravity of 1.35, the block projects 7.5 cm above the
liquid. Determine its specific gravity.
a. 0.514 c. 0.704
b. 0.836 d. 0.658

62. A solid cube material is 0.75 cm on each side. If it floats in oil of density 800
kg/m^3 with one-third of the block out of the oil, what is the density of the material
of the cube?
a. 533 kg/m^3 c. 523 kg/m^3
b. 513 kg/m^3 d. 543 kg/m^3

63. A hollow cylinder 1 m in diameter and 2 m high weighs 2825 N. How many kN of
lead weighing 110 kN/m3 must be fastened to the outside bottom of the cylinder to
make it float with 1.5 m submerged in water?
a. 8.5 kN c. 6.5 kN
b. 1.5 kN d. 9.5 kN

64. A box with a volume V = 0.0500 m3 lies at the bottom of a lake whose water has a
density of 1.00 x 103 kg/m3. How much force is required to lift the box, if the mass
of the box is 1000 kg.
a. 9119.5 N c. 9519.5 N
b. 9319.5 N d. 9419.5 N

65. A man of mass 64 kg and density 970 kg/m3 stands in a shallow pool with 32% of
the volume of his body below water. Calculate the normal force that the bottom of
the pool exerts on his feet.
a. 420.72 N c. 440.72 N
b. 430.72 N d. 450.72 N
66. A block of cherry wood that is 20.0 cm long, 10.0 cm wide and 2.00 cm thick has a
density of 800 kg/m3. What is the volume of a piece of iron that, if glued to the
bottom of the block, makes the block float in water with its top just at the surface of
the water? The density of iron is 7860 kg/m3, and the density of water is 1000 kg/m3.
a. 13.66cm3 14.66 cm3
b. 12.66 cm3 d. 11.66 cm3

67. A very large balloon with mass M = 10.0 kg is inflated to a volume of 20.0 m3 using
a gas of density ρgas= 0.20 kg/m3. What is the maximum mass m that can be tied to
the balloon using a 2.00-kg piece of rope without the balloon falling to the ground?
(Assume that the density of air is 1.30 kg/m3 and that the volume of the gas is equal
to the volume of the inflated balloon).
a. 88.1 N c. 68.1 N
b. 98.1 N d. 78.1 N

68. Neglecting the thickness of the tank walls in the figure, if the tank floats in the
position shown, what is its weight?

∅=4m

3m
air

1m
a. 113.28 KN
b. 133.28 KN
2m
c. 123.28 KN
d. 143.28 KN water

69. If the tank in the previous problem is held so that the top is 10 m below the surface
of water, what is the force on the inside top of the tank?

∅=4m 10 m

air y

water
 a. 136.6 KN c. 126.6 KN
b. 116.6 KN d. 146.6 KN

70. A ship with vertical sides near the waterline weighs 40,000 KN and draws 7 m in
salt water. Discharge of 2,000 KN of water ballast decrease the draft to 6.5 m. What
would be the draft of the ship in fresh water?
a. 7.3 m c. 9.3 m
b. 8.3 m d. 6.3 m
71. An object that has a volume of 6 ft3 requires a force of 60 lb to keep it immersed in
water. If a force of 38 lb is required to keep is immersed in another liquid, what is
the specific gravity of that liquid?
a. 0.94 c. 0.74
b. 0.84 d. 0.64

SITUATION 13(72-73): A barge 3 m deep has a trapezoidal cross section of 8 m top and
6 m bottom width. The barge is 15 m long, and its ends are vertical. Determine
72. weight if it draws water 1.8 m of water
a. 1648.14 KN c. 1848.14 KN
b. 1948.14 KN d. 1748.14 KN
73. the draft if 750 KN of stone is placed in the barge.
a. 2.486 m c. 2.686 m
b. 2.586 m d. 2.786 m

74. A 1.5 m diameter sphere floats half-submerged in salt water. What minimum weight
of concrete (γ = 23.56 KN/m3) used as an anchor will submerge the sphere
completely?
a. 14.632 KN c. 13.632 KN
b. 15.632 KN d. 12.632 KN

75. A cube 200 mm on side is made of aluminium and suspended by a string. The cube
is submerge, half of it being in oil (sp.gr. = 0.8) and the other half being in water.
Find the tension in string if alumina weighs 26 KN/m3.
a. 147.37 N c. 157.37 N
b. 137.37 N d. 167.37 N