KUBERNETES - DEPLOYING APACHE APPLICATION AND
CUSTOM APP USING INGRESS
You have just joined a startup Ventura Software as a Devops Lead Engineer. The company
relies on a Monolithic Architecture for its product. Recently, the senior management was hired.
The new CTO insists on having a Microservice Architecture. The Development Team, is
working on breaking the Monolith. Meanwhile, you have been asked to host a Test Application
on Kubernetes, to understand how it works.
Following things have to be implemented:
1. Deploy an Apache2 deployment of 2 replicas
2. Sample code has been checked-in at the following Git-Hub repo:
https://github.com/hshar/website.git
You have to containerize this code, and push it to Docker Hub. Once done, deploy it on
Kubernetes with 2 replicas
3. Deploy Ingress with the following rules:
i) */apache* should point to the apache pods
ii) */custom* should point to the GitHub application
What is Kubernetes (k8s)?
In its simplest terms, Kubernetes is an open source container orchestration platform. It automates
the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.
Once you can implement one Master/Worker Node configuration, you can implement many
clusters, quickly, with the use of automated tools and Infrastructure as a Service (IaC), such as
Terraform, AWS Cloud Formation, Azure Resource Manager (ARM) templates, etc.
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First let’s look at a basic architecture diagram for a cluster in Kubernetes to get used to the
structure for a cluster.
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Now, let’s look at a more detailed architecture, in which I have defined some of the terms for this
project and kubernetes, in general.
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Ways To Install Kubernetes:
There are numerous ways to install Kubernetes. Below are four popular ways:
1. Kubeadm – Bare Metal Installation
2. Minikube – Virtualized Environment for Kubernetes
3. Kops – Kubernetes on AWS
4. Kubernetes on GCP – Kubernetes running on Google Cloud Platform (GCP).
For the purposes for this project, I will be using the Kubeadm method.
Installation Architecture Using Kubeadm:
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Kubernetes Architecture (Master/Worker Node) For This
Project?
Steps For This Project
Step1. Launch 2 AWS EC2 instances (t2.medium (master) & t2.micro (workers)) and install
kubernetes on master and worker node(s).
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Step 2. Installation Docker and Kubernetes, Kubeadm, Kubelet, and Kubectl on the various
nodes below:
On Master & Worker nodes
Master server t2.med , t2.micro for worker nodes.
sudo su
apt-get update &&
apt-get install docker.io -y &&
service docker restart &&
curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add - &&
echo "deb http://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main" >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
&&
apt-get update &&
apt install kubeadm=1.20.0-00 kubectl=1.20.0-00 kubelet=1.20.0-00 -y
On Master & Worker Nodes:
sudo su
create a script file k.sh
sudo nano k.sh
apt-get update
apt-get install docker io –y
service docker restart
curl –s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add -
echo “deb http://apt.kuberneter.io/ kubernetes-xenial main” >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
apt-get update
apt install kubeadm=1.20.0-00 kubectl=1.20.0-00 kubelet=1.20.0-00 –y
To execute the script file: ./k.sh
On Master:
(Bootstrapping The Cluster):
kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0/16
exit
Join worker nodes by running the following on each node:
kubeadm token create --print-join-command (if you lose the token use this command to recover)
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Copy and Paste to the worker node:
kubeadm join 172.31.9.44:6443 --token 4qcgi4.7boiia35u539msc1 \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash
sha256:befa9ca440ee5afb280282105667018c464000d7b91359bd267fb11fb4b1fdf4
On Master:
(Set up the kubeconfig):
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
(Configuring Networking):
kubectl apply -f https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/controller-
v0.49.0/deploy/static/provider/baremetal/deploy.yaml
Verify successful install and that all nodes have joined the cluster:
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Step 3. Create Apache pods deployment with 2 replicas on the cluster:
ubuntu@ip-172-31-87-27:~$ sudo nano apache.yml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: apache-deployment
labels:
app: apache
spec:
replicas: 2
selector:
matchLabels:
app: apache
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: apache
spec:
containers:
- name: apache
image: ubuntu/apache2
ports:
- containerPort: 80
Step 4. Create pods for apache deploy
sudo su
root@ip-172-31-87-27:/home/ubuntu# kubectl create -f apache.yml
Verify pods are deployed and running by the below command in the screen shot:
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Step 5. Fork GitHub Repo & Clone
https://github.com/hshar/website.git
Fork into your GitHub account:
Clone to repository using HTTPS and push to Docker Hub
In GitHub
Code > HTTPS
Copy HTTPS link
On master clone:
root@ip-172-31-87-27:/home/ubuntu# git clone https://github.com/magwork14/website.git
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Build a dockerfile to containerize the code then verify file is in the correct subdirectory:
root@ip-172-31-87-27:/home/ubuntu/website# sudo nano Dockerfile
FROM ubuntu
RUN apt-get update
RUN DEBIAN_FRONTEND="noninteractive" apt-get -y install tzdata
RUN apt-get -y install apache2
ADD . /var/www/html
ENTRYPOINT apachectl -D FOREGROUND
Build Repository and Push to DockerHub:
Build:
root@ip-172-31-87-27:/home/ubuntu/website# sudo docker build . -t <YOUR USERNAME>/k8_casestudy
replace <YOUR USERNAME> with with your Docker ID
root@ip-172-31-87-27:/home/ubuntu/website# sudo docker build . -t magdevops22/k8_casestudy
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Push To DockerHub:
root@ip-172-31-87-27:/home/ubuntu/website# docker login
Username: Your Docker ID
Below command docker push <Your DockerID/Your Docker Repository>
DockerHub verification:
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Step 6. Create a custom deployment from custom image:
root@ip-172-31-87-27:/home/ubuntu/website# cd ..
root@ip-172-31-87-27:/home/ubuntu# ls
apache.yml website
root@ip-172-31-87-27:/home/ubuntu# sudo nano custom.yml
custom.yml file:
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: custom-deployment
labels:
app: custom
spec:
replicas: 2
selector:
matchLabels:
app: custom
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: custom
spec:
containers:
- name: custom
image: devopsintellipaat/kub8
ports:
- containerPort: 80
Deployment created and verified:
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Step 7. Create the services
Step 8. Create & Deploy ingresses & rules which should point to apache pods:
st
1 service that we want to modify is apache so see below commands and ingress.yml file
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: minimal-ingress
annotations:
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /
spec:
rules:
- http:
paths:
- path: /apache
pathType: Prefix
backend:
service:
name: apache
port:
number: 80
- path: /custom
pathType: Prefix
backend:
service:
name: custom
port:
number: 80
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When running the below command:
root@ip-172-31-87-27:/home/ubuntu# kubectl create -f ingress.yml
I was getting the following error message:
I ran the below command:
The ingress was now created successfully, as shown below:
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Check all services and they are running successfully:
The below is the GitHub custom image from the ingress:
Access The Application: http://<node-ip>:<ingress-nodeport>/custom
http://3.87.22.13:31895/custom
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Access The Application: http://<node-ip>:<ingress-nodeport>/apache
http://3.87.22.13:31895/apache
The below is Apache image from the ingress:
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