CS ACADEMY

NCERT IN-TEXT IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

XII – PHYSICS (CBSE) – PART- 1
Ch:01 Electric Charges and fields
Derivations: ( inclusive of diagram, relavant graphs)
1. Discuss Coulomb’s law in vector form ( both like charge and unlike charge
case)
2. Derive an expression for electric field of an electric dipole
(a) for a point on the axis of dipole
(end-on point) and
(b) for a point on equatorial plane (broad side-on position)
3. Derive the expression for torque acting on an electric dipole kept in uniform
electric field(or kept in translational equilibrium)
4. State and prove Gauss’s law in electrostatics
5. Derive an expression for electric field at a point due to infinitely long
straight uniformly charged wire of charge density , by using Gauss theorem.
6. Derive an expression for electric field at a point due to uniformly charged
plane sheet by using Gauss theorem.
7. Derive an expression for electric field at a point (i) inside (ii) on the surface
and (iii) outside a uniformly charged spherical shell by using Gauss theorem.
Short Answer questions:
1. State the properties of charges.
2. State Coulomb’s law and write for like and unlike charges.
3. Define electric field. Write its SI unit
4. Define electric flux. Write its SI unit
5. What is an electric dipole?
6. Define dipole moment. Write its SI unit. Is it a vector or scalar? Give its
direction
7. Draw electric field lines for (a) isolated point charges (q>0, q<0), (b) electric
dipole, (c) two like charges, (d) two unlike charges of different magnitude,
(e)two like charges of different magnitude, (f) a point charge located inside
an uncharged shell, (g) a charged conductor kept in a uniform electric
field( what will be the potential inside the conductor? )
8. Write the properties of electric field lines.

Reasoning questions:
1. How can you charge a metal sphere positively (or) negatively without
touching it?
 2. What will happen when two charged bodies are brought in contact after
rubbing them before?
3. Why a charged body attracts bits of paper?
4. “Magnitude of electric field due to a point charge is spherically symmetric”.
Justify the statement
5. “Test charge is vanishingly(negligibly)small”. Justify the statement.
6. “Two electric field lines can never cross each other”. Justify the statement.
7. Electric field lines can have no breaks, they are continuous curves. Why?
8. Electric field lines do not form closed loops. Why?
9. What happens to a dipole in a non-uniform electric field? State whether net
force and torque will be there or not?
10.Gaussian surface do not pass through any discrete charges. Why?
11.Explain the meaning of the statement ‘electric charge of a body is quantised’.
12.Why can one ignore quantisation of electric charge when dealing with
macroscopic i.e., large scale charges?
13.When a glass rod is rubbed with a silk cloth, charges appear on both. A
similar phenomenon is observed with many other pairs of bodies. Explain
how this observation is consistent with the law of conservation of charge
14. (a) An electrostatic field line is a continuous curve. That is, a field line cannot
have sudden breaks. Why not? (b) Explain why two field lines never cross
each other at any point?
Numericals: ( formula type, conceptual type, reasoning type)
NCERT Eg: 1.2, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 1.10, 1.11, 1.12
NCERT Ex: 1.2, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 1.10, 1.11, 1.12, 1.13, 1.15, 1.18, 1.19,
1.20, 1.21, 1.22, 1.23, 1.24, 1.25, 1.27, 1.28
Ch: 02 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
Derivations: ( inclusive of diagram, relavant graphs)
1. Derive an expression for potential due to a point charge.
2. Derive an expression for potential due to an electric dipole at any general
point. Discuss its special cases(axial point and equatorial plane)
3. Derive the relation between electric field and potential.
4. Derive the expression for potential energy of a system of charges (two
charge and three charge systems)
5. Derive expression for the potential energy (work done to rotate dipole)of an
electric dipole in an external uniform electric field. Write its vector form
6. Derive the expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor when
air is in between the plates.
7. Derive the expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with a
partially filled dielectric. Discuss the special cases.( fully filled conductor,
partially filled conductor, fully filled dielectric)
Short Answer questions:
1. Define electric potential. Write its SI unit.
2. Define potential difference. Write its SI unit.
3. What are equipotential surfaces?
4. Discuss the energy stored in a capacitor and its various forms. Also write the
energy density of capacitor
5. What is a dielectric?
6. Define dielectric constant (or) relative permittivity based on (a) Coulomb
force, (b) Capacitance and (c) Electric field. Write its SI unit.
7. What is electric polarization?
8. What are polar and non-polar molecules? Give examples for each.
9. Define electric susceptibility.
10.What are linear isotropic dielectrics?
11.What is capacitance of a capacitor? Write its SI unit.
12.What is a point dipole?
13.What is the potential due to a charge at its own location?
14.What is dielctric strength and dielectric breakdown? Or what is leakage of
capacitor?
Reasoning questions:
1. “Work done by electrostatic field is path-independent”. Justify the statement.
2. Potential due to an electric dipole is “axially symmetric”. Justify the
statement.
3. For any charge configuration, equipotential surface through point is normal
to the electric field at that point. Justify your answer.
4. Electrostatic force is conservative. Why?
5. Potential energy is a characteristic of the present state of configuration of
charges and not the way the state is achieved. Give reason.
6. Show that inside a conductor, electrostatic field is zero.
7. Show that at the surface of charged conductor, electrostatic field must be
normal to the surface at every point.
8. Show that there is no net charge at any point inside the conductor and any
excess charge must reside at the surface.
9. Show that the electric field at the surface of a charged conductor, E = σ/ε 0.
Here the terms have usual meanings.
10.Show that electric field inside the cavity of a charged conductor is
zero(electrostatic shielding)
11.Even a single conductor can be used as a capacitor. Justify the statement.
12.Why polarized dielectric modify the original external field inside it?
13.How will you protect the sensitive electrical instruments from stray electric
fields?
14.Why we prefer to stay inside a car during lightning?
15.Draw the equipotential surfaces for (a) (a) isolated point charges (q>0, q<0),
(b) electric dipole, (c) the uniform field region, (d) for electric field
increasing in a particular axis(X, Y or Z)
16.(a)A comb run through one’s dry hair attracts small bits of paper. Why?
What happens if the hair is wet or if it is a rainy day? (Remember, a paper
does not conduct electricity.)
17.(b) Ordinary rubber is an insulator. But special rubber tyres of aircraft are
made slightly conducting. Why is this necessary?
18. (c) Vehicles carrying inflammable materials usually have metallic ropes
touching the ground during motion. Why?
19.(d) A bird perches on a bare high power line, and nothing happens to the
bird. A man standing on the ground touches the same line and gets a fatal
shock. Why?
20. A capacitor connected with a battery. Another capacitor is connected by
replacing the battery with first. What happens in this process?
21. An air-filled capacitor is charged by a battery. What will happen when (a) a
dielectric inserted keeping battery connected and (b) a dielectric inserted by
disconnecting the battery.
22.Two large conducting spheres carrying charges Q1 and Q2 are brought close
to each other. Is the magnitude of electrostatic force between them exactly
given by Q1 Q2 /4πε0 r 2 , where r is the distance between their centres?
23. If Coulomb’s law involved 1/r 3 dependence (instead of 1/r 2 ), would
Gauss’s law be still true ?
24.(a) A small test charge is released at rest at a point in an electrostatic field
configuration. Will it travel along the field line passing through that point?
(b) What is the work done by the field of a nucleus in a complete circular
orbit of the electron? What if the orbit is elliptical?
c)We know that electric field is discontinuous across the surface of a
charged conductor. Is electric potential also discontinuous there?
d)What meaning would you give to the capacitance of a single conductor?
e)Guess a possible reason why water has a much greater dielectric constant
(= 80) than say, mica (= 6).
25.The top of the atmosphere is at about 400 kV with respect to the surface of
the earth, corresponding to an electric field that decreases with altitude. Near
the surface of the earth, the field is about 100 Vm–1. Why then do we not get
an electric shock as we step out of our house into the open? (Assume the
house to be a steel cage so there is no field inside!)
26. A man fixes outside his house one evening a two metre high insulating slab
carrying on its top a large aluminium sheet of area 1m 2 . Will he get an
electric shock if he touches the metal sheet next morning?
27.The discharging current in the atmosphere due to the small conductivity of
air is known to be 1800 A on an average over the globe. Why then does the
atmosphere not discharge itself completely in due course and become
electrically neutral? In other words, what keeps the atmosphere charged?
 28. What are the forms of energy into which the electrical energy of the
atmosphere is dissipated during a lightning?
(Hint: The earth has an electric field of about 100 Vm –1 at its surface in the
downward direction, corresponding to a surface charge density = –10 –9 C m–
2
. Due to the slight conductivity of the atmosphere up to about 50 km
(beyond which it is good conductor), about + 1800 C is pumped every
second into the earth as a whole. The earth, however, does not get
discharged since thunderstorms and lightning occurring continually all over
the globe pump an equal amount of negative charge on the earth.)
30 . Figures (a) and (b) show the field lines of a positive and negative point
charge respectively.

(a) Give the signs of the potential difference VP – VQ ; VB – VA .

(b) Give the sign of the potential energy difference of a small negative
charge between the points Q and P; A and B.
(c) Give the sign of the work done by the field in moving a small positive
charge from Q to P.
(d) Give the sign of the work done by the external agency in moving a small
negative charge from B to A.
(e) Does the kinetic energy of a small negative charge increase or decrease
in going from B to A?
Numericals: ( formula type, conceptual type, reasoning type)
NCERT Eg: 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 2.10
NCERT Ex: 2.2, 2.3(conceptual), 2.5, 2.6, 2.7(reasoning), 2.8, 2.9, 2.10, 2.11,
2.12, 2.13, 2.14, 2.15, 2.18, 2.19, 2.21, 2.22, 2.25, 2.26, 2.27, 2.28,
2.31( conceptual and reasoning), 2.34
Ch: 03 Current Electricity
Derivations: ( inclusive of diagram, relavant graphs)
1. Deduce an expression for electrical conductivity (or) electrical resistivity.
2. Derive expression for drift velocity and current in terms of drift velocity
 3. Derive expression for the equivalent emf for two cells connected in series
and parallel.
4. Obtain the balancing condition for Wheatstone’s bridge using Kirchhoff’s
laws. What will happen when cell and galvanometer are interchanged at null
point?
5. Explain the utility of meter bridge in calculating the unknown resistance of a
wire and its specific resistance.
Short Answer questions:
1. What is the order of magnitudes of current in (a) domestic appliances (b)
lightning and (c) human nerves
2. What is electric current? Is it a scalar or vector?Define its SI unit(ampere).
3. State Ohm’s law. Write its macroscopic and microscopic form. How will
you find the resistance of a conductor from the V-I graph?
4. What is current density? Is it a scalar or vector? Write its SI unit.
5. What is relaxation time?
6. Define drift velocity.
7. Write the difference between random velocity and drift velocity
8. What is mobility? Write its SI unit.
9. What is conductivity? Write its SI unit.
10.Write the difference between resistance and resistivity
11.Write the limitations of Ohm’s law with relevant V-I graphs. Give examples.
12.Define temperature co-efficient of resistivity.
13.Draw ‘ρ’ (or ‘σ’) versus ‘T’ graph for metals (conductors), alloys and
semiconductors.
14.What are the two commercially produced resistors for domestic use or in
laboratories?
15.What is emf of a cell and its internal resistance?
16.What is equation for the terminal voltage of a cell when it is (a) charging and
(B) discharging?
17.Write the difference between emf and potential difference
18.State the two Kirchhoff’s laws.
19.Explain the charge conservation principle in Kirchhoff’s current law.
20.Explain the energy conservation principle in Kirchhoff’s voltage law
Reasoning questions:
1. Conducting slab is cut lengthwise into two equal halves. What is the
resistance of each half slab?
2. Conducting slab is cut normal to the length of slab in the middle into two
halves. What is the resistance of each half slab?
3. Resistivity is independent of dimensions of conductor and not its resistance.
Justify the statement.
4. Nichrome, manganin, constantan are widely used standard resistors. Why?
 m
ρ=
5. Using the equation, ne 2 τ , explain metals(conductors), insulators and
semiconductors when temperature is changed. Here the terms have their
usual meanings.
6. Give the reason for the high voltage danger signs on transmission lines.
7. Why electromotive force is not a force?
8. Why copper metal strips are thick in meter bridge wire?
9. How will you minimize the end error in meter bridge wire?
10.When Wheatstone bridge is most sensitive?
11.If galvanometer and cell are interchanged in a wheatstone’s bridge (meter
bridge also), what will happen to the null point?
12.What is the condition for ideal ammeter and ideal voltmeter. ?
13.Why ammeter is connected in series and voltmeter in parallel?
14. Define Potential gradient.
15. The electron drift speed is estimated to be only a few mm s –1 for currents in
the range of a few amperes? How then is current established almost the
instant a circuit is closed?
16. The electron drift arises due to the force experienced by electrons in the
electric field inside the conductor. But force should cause acceleration. Why
then do the electrons acquire a steady average drift speed?
17. If the electron drift speed is so small, and the electron’s charge is small,
how can we still obtain large amounts of current in a conductor?
18. When electrons drift in a metal from lower to higher potential, does it mean
that all the ‘free’ electrons of the metal are moving in the same direction?
19. Are the paths of electrons straight lines between successive collisions (with
the positive ions of the metal) in the (i) absence of electric field, (ii) presence
of electric field?
20.A steady current flows in a metallic conductor of non-uniform cross-section.
Which of these quantities is constant along the conductor: current, current
density, electric field, drift speed?
21. Is Ohm’s law universally applicable for all conducting elements? If not,
give examples of elements which do not obey Ohm’s law.
22. A low voltage supply from which one needs high currents must have very
low internal resistance. Why?
23. A high tension (HT) supply of, say, 6 kV must have a very large internal
resistance. Why?
24.Alloys of metals usually have (greater/less) resistivity than that of their
constituent metals.
25. Alloys usually have much (lower/higher) temperature coefficients of
resistance than pure metals.
26.The resistivity of the alloy manganin is nearly independent of/ increases
rapidly with increase of temperature.
27. The resistivity of a typical insulator (e.g., amber) is greater than that of a
metal by a factor of the order of (1022/1023)
Numericals: ( formula type, conceptual type, reasoning type)
NCERT Eg: 3.1 (a), 3.2, 3.3, 3.5, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10
NCERT Ex: 3.1, 3.2( conceptual and reasoning), 3.5,3.6,3.7,3.8, 3.9, 3.11, 3.13,
3.15, 3.16, 3.18(reasoning),
Ch: 04 Moving charges and magnetism
Derivations: ( inclusive of diagram, relavant graphs)
1. Derive the expression for the force acing on a current carrying conductor
placed in a magnetic field.
2. Using Biot-Savart’s law, derive the expression for the magnetic field on the
axis of a circular current loop. Discuss its special cases.(centre of circular
loop, at an axial point distance equal to the radius (a)of the loop, at a far
point where x >>> a
3. Using Biot-Savart’s law, derive the expression for the magnetic field at the
centre of a semicircular current loop.

4. Using Ampere’s circuital law, derive the expression for the magnetic field at
a point in perpendicular distance due to a straight current carrying wire
5. Deduce the force between two parallel(or antiparallel) current carrying
conductors. Hence define one ampere.
6. Obtain the expression for torque acting on a rectangular current loop in a
uniform magnetic field.
7. Prove that circular current loop is equivalent to a magnetic dipole.
8. Obtain the expression for the dipole moment of a revolving electron.
9. Explain the principle and working of moving coil galvanometer with neat
diagram
10. Describe the conversion of galvanometer into ammeter and galvanometer
into voltmeter
Short Answer questions:
1. What is Lorentz force?
2. What is pitch?
3. Explain circular motion and helical motion of a charged particle entering
into a magnetic field.
4. How does a charge move in perpendicular electric and magnetic fields
region?
5. State Biot-Savart’s law and write its vector form.
6. State Ampere circuit law and write its mathematical form
7. Write the differences between Biot-Savart law for magnetic field and
Coulomb’s law for electrostatic field.
 8. State the right hand thumb rule for determining the direction of magnetic
field (a) due to a straight current wire and (b) due to a circular current loop.
9. Explain how solenoid acts as a barmagnet?
10.Define magnetic moment for a current loop.
11.What is gyromagnetic ratio? Mention its value and SI unit.
12.What is Bohr magneton?
13.What is current sensitivity in MCG?
14.What is voltage sensitivity in MCG?
Reasoning questions:
1. Why phosphor bronze material used as spring in MCG? (Or) Why torsional
constant is kept low in MCG?
2. Increasing current sensitivity does not necessarily increase voltage
sensitivity. Justify the statement. (Or) When the number of turns in MCG is
doubled, only current sensitivity is doubled, not the voltage sensitivity.
Justify the statement.
3. Why the radial magnetic field is used in MCG?
4. Why galvanometer cannot as such be used as an ammeter to measure the
value of the current in a given circuit?
5. A current-carrying circular loop lies on a smooth horizontal plane. Can a
uniform magnetic field be set up in such a manner that the loop turns around
itself (i.e., turns about the vertical axis).
6. A current-carrying circular loop is located in a uniform external magnetic
field. If the loop is free to turn, what is its orientation of stable equilibrium?
Show that in this orientation, the flux of the total field (external field + field
produced by the loop) is maximum.
7. A loop of irregular shape carrying current is located in an external magnetic
field. If the wire is flexible, why does it change to a circular shape?
8. A magnetic field that varies in magnitude from point to point but has a
constant direction (east to west) is set up in a chamber. A charged particle
enters the chamber and travels undeflected along a straight path with
constant speed. What can you say about the initial velocity of the particle?
9. A charged particle enters an environment of a strong and non-uniform
magnetic field varying from point to point both in magnitude and direction,
and comes out of it following a complicated trajectory. Would its final speed
equal the initial speed if it suffered no collisions with the environment?
10. An electron travelling west to east enters a chamber having a uniform
electrostatic field in north to south direction. Specify the direction in which a
uniform magnetic field should be set up to prevent the electron from
deflecting from its straight line path
Numericals: ( formula type, conceptual type, reasoning type)
NCERT Eg: 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8(concept derivation), 4.9, 4.10,
4.11(a,b,c), 4.12(conceptual and reasoning), 4.13
NCERT Ex: 4.1,4.2,4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 4.10, 4.11,4.12, 4.13, 4.14,
4.18, 4.19, 4.21, 4.22, 4.24, 4.25, 4.27, 4.28
Ch: 05 Magnetism and Matter
Derivations: ( inclusive of diagram, relavant graphs)
1. Obtain an expression for the magnetic potential energy (work done to rotate
dipole)of a magnetic dipole kept in uniform magnetic field.
Short Answer Questions:
1. Write the properties of magnetic field lines.
2. Define magnetic moment of a bar magnet.
3. Differentiate magnetic moment of a bar magnet and that of a current loop.
4. What is the force on a bar magnet of dipole moment ‘m’ is placed in a
uniform magnetic field ‘B’?
5. What is magnetization? Express it in mathematical form.
6. What is magnetic field intensity, magnetizing field? Express in mathematical
form.
7. What is permeability? Express it in mathematical form.
8. What is relative permeability? Express it in mathematical form.
9. What is magnetic intensity? Express it in mathematical form.
10.What is magnetic susceptibility? Express it in mathematical form.
11.What is the relation between relative permeability and susceptibility?
12.Distinguish dia, para and ferromagnetic materials.
13.Name the most exotic diamagnetic material. What is its χ and μ r value?
14.What is Meissner effect?
15.Write briefly the temperature dependence of dia, para and ferromagnetic
materials.
16.State Curie’s law.
17.What is a domain in a ferromagnet?
18.Distinguish hard and soft ferromagnetic materials. Give examples for each.
19.What is Curie temperature?
20.Explain permanent magnets and electromagnets

Reasoning questions:
1. What happens if a bar magnet is cut into two pieces: (i) transverse to its
length, (ii) along its length?
2. A magnetised needle in a uniform magnetic field experiences a torque but
no net force. An iron nail near a bar magnet, however, experiences a force of
attraction in addition to a torque. Why?
 3. Two identical looking iron bars A and B are given, one of which is
definitely known to be magnetised. (We do not know which one.) How
would one ascertain whether or not both are magnetised? If only one is
magnetised, how does one ascertain which one? [Use nothing else but the
bars A and B.]
4. Figure shows a small magnetised needle P placed at a point O. The arrow
shows the direction of its magnetic moment. The other arrows show
different positions (and orientations of the magnetic moment) of another
identical magnetised needle Q.
(a) In which configuration the system is not in equilibrium?
(b) In which configuration is the system in (i) stable, and (ii) unstable
equilibrium?
(c) Which configuration corresponds to the lowest potential energy among
all the configurations shown?

5.

6.Why does a paramagnetic sample display greater magnetisation (for the same
magnetising field) when cooled?
7. Why is diamagnetism, in contrast, almost independent of temperature?
8. Magnetic field lines show the direction (at every point) along which a small
magnetised needle aligns (at the point). Do the magnetic field lines also represent
the lines of force on a moving charged particle at every point?

Numericals: ( formula type, conceptual type, reasoning type)

NCERT Eg: 5.2 , 5.3(conceptual), 5.4, 5.5(conceptual), 5.7(conceptual and
reasoning), 5.8, 5.9, 5.10
NCERT Ex: 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9half question, 5.12 , 5.15
Ch: 06 Electromagnetic Induction
Derivations: ( inclusive of diagram, relavant graphs)
1. Derive the expression for motional emf ( by Lorentz force method and
Faraday method)
2. Derive expression for the self inductance of a solenoid.
3. Derive expression for the mutual inductance of a pair of two co-axial long
solenoids and also for a pair of concentric circular rings with one ring having
current.
4. Explain the principle, construction and working of AC generator( or dynamo
). Deduce the expression for the alternating emf obtained.
Short Answer questions:
1. Explain Faraday’s experiments and state Faraday’s two laws of
electromagnetic induction.
2. What is magnetic flux. Write its SI unit.
3. State Lenz’s law and explain conservation of energy in it.
4. From motional emf expression,write equations for (a) induced current
(b)force on the moving conducting rod (c) power required to move the rod,
5. Arrive at the relationship between the charge flow and change in magnetic
flux.
6. What is the induced charge equation in the EMI phenomenon?
7. Write the expression for the energy stored in an inductor and the energy
density of inductor?
8. What is self induction and self inductance? Write L equation
9. Define one henry.
10.What is mutual induction and mutual inductance? Write M equation
11.“Self inductance plays the role of electrical inertia”. Justify the statement.

Reasoning questions:
1. Consider Experiment 6.2. (a) What would you do to obtain a large deflection
of the galvanometer? (b) How would you demonstrate the presence of an
induced current in the absence of a galvanometer?
2. Figure shows planar loops of different shapes moving out of or into a region
of a magnetic field which is directed normal to the plane of the loop away
from the reader. Determine the direction of induced current in each loop
using Lenz’s law.

3. A closed loop is held stationary in the magnetic field between the north
and south poles of two permanent magnets held fixed. Can we hope to
generate current in the loop by using very strong magnets?
4.A closed loop moves normal to the constant electric field between the
plates of a large capacitor. Is a current induced in the loop (i) when it is
wholly inside the region between the capacitor plates (ii) when it is partially
outside the plates of the capacitor? The electric field is normal to the plane
of the loop.
5. A rectangular loop and a circular loop are moving out of a uniform
magnetic field region (see figure) to a field-free region with a constant
velocity v. In which loop do you expect the induced emf to be constant
during the passage out of the field region? The field is normal to the loops.

5. Predict the polarity of the capacitor in the situation described by Fig

 6.

6. Use Lenz’s law to determine the direction of induced current in the

situations described by Fig. (a) A wire of irregular shape turning into a
circular shape; (b) A circular loop being deformed into a narrow straight
wire.

7. Figure shows a metal rod PQ resting on the smooth rails AB and positioned
between the poles of a permanent magnet. The rails, the rod, and the
magnetic field are in three mutual perpendicular directions. A galvanometer
G connects the rails through a switch K. Length of the rod = 15 cm, B = 0.50
T, resistance of the closed loop containing the rod = 9.0 mΩ. Assume the
field to be uniform. (a) Suppose K is open and the rod is moved with a speed
of 12 cm s–1 in the direction shown. Give the polarity and magnitude of the
induced emf.
 (a) Suppose K is open and the rod is moved with a speed of 12 cm s –1 in the
direction shown. Give the polarity and magnitude of the induced emf.
(b) Is there an excess charge built up at the ends of the rods when K is open?
What if K is closed?
(c) With K open and the rod moving uniformly, there is no net force on the
electrons in the rod PQ even though they do experience magnetic force
due to the motion of the rod. Explain.
(d) What is the retarding force on the rod when K is closed?
(e) How much power is required (by an external agent) to keep the rod
moving at the same speed (=12cm s–1) when K is closed? How much
power is required when K is open?
(f) How much power is dissipated as heat in the closed circuit? What is the
source of this power?
(g) What is the induced emf in the moving rod if the magnetic field is
parallel to the rails instead of being perpendicular?
8.
Numericals: ( formula type, conceptual type, reasoning type)
NCERT Eg: 6.1(reasoning), 6.2, 6.3, 6.4(conceptual), 6.5(conceptual), 6.6, 6.7,
6.8(conceptual), 6.9(concept derivation), 6.10(concept derivation), 6.11
NCERT Ex: 6.1(conceptual), 6.2(conceptual), 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9,
6.10, 6.14
Ch: 07 Alternating Currents
Derivations: ( inclusive of diagram, relavant graphs)
1. Discuss the AC circuit with resistor R only with phase diagram, phasor
diagram showing relation between ac voltage and ac current.
2. Discuss the AC circuit with inductor L only with phase diagram, phasor
diagram showing relation between ac voltage and ac current.
3. Discuss the AC circuit with capacitor C only with phase diagram, phasor
diagram showing relation between ac voltage and ac current.
4. Discuss the AC circuit with R, L and C in series. Draw the phase diagram,
phasor diagram when the circuit is predominantly inductive( or predominantly
 capacitive). Also discuss impedance and power factor from impedance
triangle. Obtain equation for resonant frequency.
5. Obtain average power over one cycle of AC in an RLC ac circuit. Discuss all
the special cases
Short Answer questions:
1.What is the household line voltage? Is it rms ac voltage?
2. What is the peak value of household line voltage?
3. What is the time lag between the current amplitude and voltage amplitude in AC
circuit with ‘R’ only, ‘L’ only , ‘C’ only.
4. How resonance is used in tuning mechanism of radio or TV set?
5. What is wattles current and power factor?
6. What are the assumptions made in ideal transformer? Does the transformer
works with ac or dc? Justify your answer.
7. Explain following energy losses in transformer: a) flux leakage b) resistance of
windings c)eddy currents d) hysteresis
8. How power is transmitted through long distance in transmission cables?
9. In a step-up transformer, ac voltage is increased. Does it violate law of
conservation of energy?
10. A lamp is connected in series with a capacitor. Predict your observations for dc
and ac connections. What happens in each case if the capacitance of the capacitor
is reduced?
11. A light bulb and an open coil inductor are connected to an ac source through a
key as shown in Fig. The switch is closed and after sometime, an iron rod is
inserted into the interior of the inductor. The glow of the light bulb (a) increases;
(b) decreases; (c) is unchanged, as the iron rod is inserted. Give your answer with
reasons.

12. For circuits used for transporting electric power, a low power factor implies
large power loss in transmission. Explain. (b) Power factor can often be
improved by the use of a capacitor of appropriate capacitance in the circuit.
Explain.
13.At an airport, a person is made to walk through the doorway of a metal
detector, for security reasons. If she/he is carrying anything made of metal,
the metal detector emits a sound. On what principle does this detector work?
 14. In any ac circuit, is the applied instantaneous voltage equal to the algebraic
sum of the instantaneous voltages across the series elements of the circuit? Is
the same true for rms voltage?
15. A capacitor is used in the primary circuit of an induction coil. Why?
16. An applied voltage signal consists of a superposition of a dc voltage and an
ac voltage of high frequency. The circuit consists of an inductor and a
capacitor in series. Show that the dc signal will appear across C and the ac
signal across L.
17. A choke coil in series with a lamp is connected to a dc line. The lamp is
seen to shine brightly. Insertion of an iron core in the choke causes no
change in the lamp’s brightness. Predict the corresponding observations if
the connection is to an ac line.
18. Why is choke coil needed in the use of fluorescent tubes with ac mains?
Why can we not use an ordinary resistor instead of the choke coil?
Numericals: ( formula type, conceptual type, reasoning type)
NCERT Eg: 7.1, 7.2, 7.3(conceptual), 7.4, 7.5(conceptual), 7.6, 7.7(reasoning),
7.8, 7.9, 7.10(reasoning), 7.11(concept derivation)
NCERT Ex: 7.1, 7.2, 7.6, 7.9, 7.10, 7.11, 7.13, 7.15, 7.18, 7.20, 7.22(reasoning),
7.23, 7.25
Ch:08 Electromagnetic waves
Derivations: ( inclusive of diagram, relavant graphs)
1.Deduce the expression for the displacement current in charging a capacitor. Also
write the equation for the modified Ampere’s circuital law or Ampere-Maxwell
law based on the displacement current.
2. Show that average electric energy density is equal to average magnetic energy
density in an EMW.
Short Answer questions:
1.What is displacement current or What is time varying current in charging a
capacitor?
2. In the steady state of the capacitor or in the fully charged capacitor, mention the
values of conduction current and displacement current.
3. In the charging or discharging of capacitor, mention the values of displacement
current and conduction current (a) between the capacitor plates and (b) outside the
capacitor plates
4. What is the source for the electromagnetic wave? Write the characteristics of
emw.
5. Write the equation for the emw with the electric and magnetic field vectors
varying sinusoidally in X- and Y- axes respectively. Show it by a diagram. Is it a
transverse wave?
6. Write the speed of propagation of emw in terms of angular frequency and
propagation constant.
7. Name the famous experiment that demolished conclusively the hypothesis of
ether.
8. Do emw require ether medium to propagate or vacuum is enough?
9. Express the velocity of emw in free space and in medium. On what factor does
the velocity of emw depend when it passes through a medium other than free
space?
10. Do emw carry energy and momentum ? Justify your answer.
11. What is radiation pressure?
12. Tabulate the types of emw indicating the respective frequency, wavelength,
production and applications.
Reasoning questions:
1. Why infrared waves are called heat waves?
2. Why don’t we feel the radiation pressure when sun shines on your hand?
3. Frequency or wavelength of any emw will be given. You have to identify the
type, and write its applications (or) applications of a certain emw will be
given. You have to identify the type and write its frequency or wavelength.
4. Given below are some famous numbers associated with electromagnetic
radiations in different contexts in physics. State the part of the
electromagnetic spectrum to which each belongs.
(a) 21 cm (wavelength emitted by atomic hydrogen in interstellar space).
(b) 1057 MHz (frequency of radiation arising from two close energy levels
in hydrogen; known as Lamb shift).
(c) 2.7 K [temperature associated with the isotropic radiation filling all
space-thought to be a relic of the ‘big-bang’ origin of the universe].
(d) 5890 Å - 5896 Å [double lines of sodium]
(e) 14.4 keV [energy of a particular transition in 57Fe nucleus associated
with a famous high resolution spectroscopic method (Mössbauer
spectroscopy)].
5. Answer the following questions:
(a) Long distance radio broadcasts use short-wave bands. Why?
(b) It is necessary to use satellites for long distance TV transmission. Why?
(c) Optical and radiotelescopes are built on the ground but X-ray astronomy
is possible only from satellites orbiting the earth. Why?
(d) The small ozone layer on top of the stratosphere is crucial for human
survival. Why? (e) If the earth did not have an atmosphere, would its
average surface temperature be higher or lower than what it is now?
(f ) Some scientists have predicted that a global nuclear war on the earth
would be followed by a severe ‘nuclear winter’ with a devastating effect on
life on earth. What might be the basis of this prediction?
Numericals: ( formula type, conceptual type, reasoning type)
NCERT Eg: 8.2, 8.3, 8.4,
NCERT Ex: 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.10, 8.11