ARMY:

Founded - 26 January 1950; 75 years ago (in current form)

1 April 1895; 130 years ago (as British Indian Army)
Motto - Sevā Paramo Dharmaḥ (Service before Self)
Army Day - 15 January (To commemorate the day in 1949 when Field Marshal K.M. Cariappa
took over as the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army)
Colour - Red, Gold, Black
Role - Role Indian Army is mandated to safeguard National Interests from External
Aggression and Internal Subversion.

Task - (i) War fighting to meet External Aggression.

(ii)Internal Security Management to include Internal Threats.

(iii)Force Projection.

(iv)Peace Keeping Operations or Military Assistance to friendly foreign countries.

(v)Render Humanitarian Assistance, Disaster Relief and Aid to Civil Authorities.

Ranks - Officer Rank JCO Ranks NCO Ranks

Field Marshal Subedar Major Havaldar

General Subedar Naik
Lt. General Naib Subedar Lance Naik
Major General Sepoy
Brigadier
Colonel
Lt. Colonel
Major
Captain
Lieutenant
Structure of Indian Army

Commands of Indian Army

Army has six operational commands and one training command. Each command is headed by General Officer
Commanding-in-Chief with the rank of Lieutenant General.
1. Central Command - Lucknow, UP
2. Eastern Command - Kolkata, WB
3. Northern Command - Udampur, J&K
4. Southern Command - Pune, Maharashtra
5. South Western Command - Jaipur, Rajasthan
6. Western Command - Chandimandir, Haryana
7. Army Training Command - Shimla, Himanchal Pradesh
Important Institutions
National Defense Academy (NDA) - Khadakvasla, Pune
Indian Military Academy (IMA) - Dehradun
Officers Training Academy (OTA) - Chennai and Gaya
High Altitude Warfare School - Gulmarg, J&K
Counter Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School - Mhow, MP
Army War College - Mhow, MP
Rashtriya Indian Military College (RIMC) - Dehradun
National Defense College (NDC) - New Delhi
Defense Services Staff College (DSSC) - Wellington, Kerala
Military Institute of Technology (MILIT) - Pune
Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC) - Pune
Infantry School - Mhow, MP
College of Defense Management (CDM) - Secunderabad, Telangana
College of Military Engineering - Pune

Arms of Indian Army

Infantry - the branch of a country's military that specializes in ground warfare on foot. Largest arm of the Indian
Army. Example- Madras Regiment (oldest), Dogra Regiment, Kumaon Regiment etc.
Infantry Day – 27 October (to commemorate the landing of the 1st Battalion of the Sikh Regiment at the
Srinagar airfield on October 27, 1947, to protect the people of Jammu and Kashmir from the designs of Pakistani
Kabaili Raiders aided by the Pakistan Army.)
Weapons – INSAS, AK-203, Tavor TAR-21, M4 carbine, ASMI,

Armoured Corps - Armoured Corps, successor to the erstwhile cavalry. They operate tanks.
Center – Ahmednagar, Maharashtra
Armour Day - 1 May. It was on this day in 1938 that Scinde Horse became the first regiment to
dismount from their horses and move to tanks. The first equipment inducted were Vickers Light Tanks and Chevrolet
Armoured Cars.
Tanks used by India - Arjun MBT, T-72 Ajeya, T-90 Bhishma, Zorawar

Artillery - Artillery consists of ranged weapons that launch munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry
firearms.
Example – Dhanush, K9 Vajra, M-46, Pinaka, Agnibaan

Army Aviation - AH-64 Apache, HAL Prachand, HAL Light Utility Helicopter, Cheetah, Chetak

Mechanized Infantry - infantry units that utilize armored vehicles, such as armored personnel carriers or infantry
fighting vehicles, for transport and combat.
Example – BMP -2 Sarath, Tata Kestrel, Kalyani M4
Army Air Defense- Barak 8 MR- SAM, Akash, SPYDER

Corps of Signals
The Corps Of Engineers
Army Medical Corps
Army Services Corps
Gallantry Awards

• Wartime gallantry awards

Established on 26 January 1950 with retrospective effect from 15 August 1947.

Param Vir Chakra – Highest-military award in India. Awarded for displaying distinguished acts of valour during
wartime. The medal has been awarded 21 times, of which 14 were posthumous, 20 have been from the Indian
Army and one has been from the Indian Air Force.
• Major Somnath Sharma – first recipient, Battle of Badgam, 1948
• Major Bana Singh, Subedar Sanjay Kumar, and Subedar Yogendra Singh Yadav (living recipients as of 2025).
• Flying Officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon- 1971 Indo-Pak war. He is the only member of the Indian Air Force to
be honoured with the PVC.

Maha Vir Chakra – Maha Vir Chakra is the second-highest military decoration in India and is awarded for acts of
conspicuous gallantry in the presence of the enemy, whether on land, at sea or in the air.

Vir Chakra – Third in precedence in the awards for wartime gallantry.

• Peacetime gallantry awards

1. Ashoka Chakra
2. Kirti Chakra
3. Shaurya Chakra

Important Military Exercises

No Exercise Name Participating Countries No Exercise Name Participating Countries

1. Sampriti India & Bangladesh 12. Shakti India & France

2. Mitra Shakti India & Sri Lanka 13. Hand in Hand India & China

3. Vajra Prahar India & US 14. Indra India & Russia

4. Yudh Abhyas India &US 15. Varuna India & France

5. Nomadic Elephant India & Mongolia 16. Konkan India & UK

6. Garuda Shakti India & Indonesia 17. Al Mohed Al Hindi India & Saudi Arabia

7. SIMBEX India & Singapore 18. Eastern Bridge India & Oman

8. Ekuverin India & Maldives 19. Khanjar India & Kyrgyzstan

9. Naseem Al Bahr India & Oman 20. JIMEX India & Japan

10. Ajeya Warrior India & UK 21. Maitree India & Thailand

11. Surya Kiran India & Nepal 22. Malabar India, USA, Japan, Australia
 Missiles
N Name Range
o. of Type
Missile
1. MICA Air to Air 50 to 80 km
Missile
2. Astra Air to Air 80 to 110 km
Missile Missile
3. Trishul Short Range 9 km
Surface to
Air Missile
4. Akash Surface to 30 to 50 km
Air Missile
5. Barak 8 Surface to 100 km
Air Missile
6. Agni I Short Range 700 to 1200 Km
Surface to
surface
Ballistic
Missile
7. Agni II Medium- 2000 to 3000 km
range,
nuclear-
capable,
surface-to-
surface
Ballistic
Missile
8. Agni III 3000 to 3500 km
Intermediate
-Range,
Surface to
Surface
Ballistic
Missile
9. Agni IV Around 4000 Km
Intermediate
Range,
Surface to
Surface
Ballistic
Missile
10 Agni V Around 5000 Km
. Intercontine
ntal, Surface
to Surface,
Ballistic
missile
11 Agni Medium 1000 to 2000 Km
. Prime Range,
Surface to
Surface,
 Ballistic
Missile
12 Prithvi Short 150 Km
. Range,
Surface to
Surface
Ballistic
Missile
13 Prithvi – Short Range, 350 Km
. II Surface to
Surface
Ballistic
Missile
14 Dhanush Naval 350 Km
. Version of
Prithvi,
Short-range,
ship-
launched
Ballistic
missile
15 Prahar Short 150 Km
. Range,
Surface to
Surface
Ballistic
Missile
16 Brahmos Supersonic 450 Km
. Cruise
Missile
Surface to
Surface
Variant
Submarine
launch
variant
Air launch
variant (SU-
30 MKI)
17 Nirbhay Long-range, 700-1000 Km
. subsonic
cruise missile
18 (Kalam Submarine 3500 Km
. Family) Launched
K-4 Ballistic
Missile
19 K-5 Submarine- 5000 Km
. launched
Ballistic
missile
20 K- Submarine 750 Km
. 15(Sagari Launched
ka)
 Ballistic
Missile
21 Shaurya Land-based 700-800 Km
. variant of
the K-15
Sagarika
Surface to
Surface
missile
22 Nag Anti-Tank 4 km
. Guided
Missile
23 Helina Helicopter- 7 km
. launched
Anti-Tank
Guided
Missile

Important Military Operations Of Indian Army

Sr. Names of
Year Location Notes
No. Operation

Operation
1 1948 Junagadh State Annexation of Junagadh[1][2]
Peace

Indian armed forces ended the rule of the Nizam of Hyderabad and led to the
2 Operation Polo 1948 Hyderabad State
incorporation of the princely state of Hyderabad in Southern India, into the Indian Union

The operation by the Military of India that led to the incorporation of Portuguese
3 Operation Vijay 1961 Goa, Daman & Diu
India (Goa, Daman, and Diu) into India

Operation
4 1971 Red Corridor Combined operation against Naxalites
Steeplechase

Amalgamation Indian Army disarmed and disbanded the Royal Guard of the Sikkimese King, after
5 1975 Sikkim
of Sikkim which Sikkim joined India as a State of India.

Operation Blue
6 1984 Punjab Cleanup operation carried out at Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar, Punjab
Star

The Siachen Glacier is a glacier located in the eastern Karakoram range in the
Operation
7 1984 Siachen Glacier, India Himalayas, Ladakh at about 35.421226°N 77.109540°E, just northeast of the point
Meghdoot
NJ9842.

Operation Black
8 1986 Punjab Cleanup operation carried out at Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar, Punjab
Thunder I

Operations by the Indian Peace Keeping Force to take control of Jaffna from the LTTE in
late 1987 to enforce the disarmament of the LTTE as a part of the Indo-Sri Lankan
Operation
9 1987 Sri Lanka Accord.Operation Viraat, which occurred in 1988, after Operation Pawan, was an anti-
Pawan
insurgency operation launched by the IPKF against the LTTE in April 1988 in Northern Sri
Lanka

Operation Black
10 1988 Punjab Cleanup operation carried out at Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar, Punjab
Thunder II
Sr. Names of
Year Location Notes
No. Operation

Operation
11 1990 Punjab To curb Sikh militancy.
Rakshak I

Operation Black
12 2008 Mumbai, Maharashtra Against the 26/11 attacks
Tornado

Operation Devi Punjab, Haryana, Delhi,

13 2021 To help fleeing Hindus and Sikhs from the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.
Shakti Afghanistan

Operation To evacuate the Indian citizens amidst the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, who had
14 2022 Ukraine
Ganga crossed over to neighboring countries

Operation
15 2025 POK/Pakistan To take revenge against the 2025 Pahalgam attack that killed 26 civilians.
Sindoor