Thanks to visit codestin.com
Credit goes to www.scribd.com

Scribd
Upload
13 views2 pages

T Test

The t-test is a statistical method for comparing the means of two groups, applicable for small sample sizes and unknown population standard deviations. There are three types of t-tests: independent samples, paired samples, and one-sample t-tests, each with specific assumptions regarding normality, independence, variance, randomization, and data type. An example illustrates the calculation of the t-test for independent groups, concluding that the null hypothesis is not rejected based on the comparison of calculated and tabulated t-values.

Uploaded by

muhammedsumail02
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13 views2 pages

T Test

The t-test is a statistical method for comparing the means of two groups, applicable for small sample sizes and unknown population standard deviations. There are three types of t-tests: independent samples, paired samples, and one-sample t-tests, each with specific assumptions regarding normality, independence, variance, randomization, and data type. An example illustrates the calculation of the t-test for independent groups, concluding that the null hypothesis is not rejected based on the comparison of calculated and tabulated t-values.

Uploaded by

muhammedsumail02
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

The T-test

The t-test is a statistical method used to determine whether there is a significant difference between the
means of two groups. It is applied when the sample size is small (i.e. n≤30) and the population standard
deviation is unknown. There are three main types of t-tests. These are:
i. Independent samples t-test: this is used to compare the mean scores of two different groups
ii. Paired samples t-test: this is used to compare the mean scores of same group obtained at two
different time points
iii. One-sample t-test: this is used to compare a sample mean to a known population (reference) mean.
The assumptions for the use of t-test are:
1. Normality of the distribution: The data in each group should be approximately normally distributed
2. Independence of observations: The data points in each group must be independent of each other. This
means that the values in one group do not influence the values in the other group.
3. Equality of variance (homogeneity of variance): this assumption states that the variances of the two
groups should be approximately equal.
4. Randomization of sample: The sample is randomly selected
5. Continuous Data: The data is taken from an interval or ratio scale

ESTIMATING T-TEST FOR INDEPENDENT GROUPS


The formula for t-test for independent samples is:

Degree of freedom for t-test of independent is n1 + n2 – 2


Example:
Suppose we have the following sets of scores for two independent groups
N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

X1 23 15 16 25 20 17 18 14 12 19 21 22

X2 16 21 16 11 24 21 18 15 19 22 13 24

Step 1: estimate the mean for each group =

Step 2: estimate deviation from the mean for each group = and

Step 3: estimate the square of deviation from the mean for each group = and

Step 4: estimate the sum of square deviation from the mean for each group =
= and =

1
N1 X1 X1- (X1- 1)2 N2 X2 X2- (X2- 2)2
1 2

1 23 4.5 20.25 1 16 -2.33 5.43


2 15 -305 12.25 2 21 2.67 7.13
3 16 -2.5 6.25 3 16 -2.33 5.43
4 25 6.5 42.25 4 11 -7.33 53.73
5 20 1.5 2.25 5 24 5.67 32.15
6 17 -1.5 2.25 6 21 2.67 7.13
7 18 -0.5 0.25 7 18 -0.33 0.11
8 14 -4.5 20.25 8 15 -3.33 11.09
9 12 -6.5 42.25 9 19 0.67 0.45
10 19 0.5 0.25 10 22 3.67 13.47
11 21 2.5 6.25 11 13 -5.33 28.41
12 22 3.5 12.25 12 24 5.67 32.15
∑X1=222 ∑(X1 _ )2 =167 ∑X2=220 ∑(X2 - )2 =196.68
1 2

= 18.5

= 18.33

DF = N1 + N2 -2 = 12 + 12 – 2 = 24 -2 = 22
Level of significance = 0.05
Decision Rule = reject the null hypothesis if t-calculated is greater than t-tabulated
Tcal = 0.03
Ttab = 1.717

The result shows that T-calculated is less than T-tabulated (0.03> 1.72) at alpha 0.05; 22 degree of freedom.
Therefore we do not reject the null hypothesis

You might also like