Exception-Handling By SomaSekharReddy(Certified Professional)

EXCEPTION HANDLING

Agenda:
Introduction
Runtime Stack mechanism
Default Exception Handling in java
Exception Hierarchy
Customized Exception-Handling by try-catch
Control Flow in try-catch
Methods to print Exception information
try with Multiple catch blocks
finally
Difference between final, finally and finalize
Control flow in try-catch-finally
Various possible combinations of try-catch-finally
throw keyword
throws keyword
Exception handling keywords summary
Various possible compile-time errors in exception handling
Customized Exceptions
Top 10 Exceptions

1) INTRODUCTION:

An unwanted un-excepted event that disturbs normal flow of the program

called Exception.

Eg: SleepingException

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TyrePuncheredException
FileNotFoundException…….etc.

 It’s highly recommended to handling Exception, the main objective of

exception handling is graceful termination of the program.

Eg: Open DB Connection

Read DB Connection --------SQLException
Close DB Connection

 Exception Handling doesn’t mean repairing an Exception. We have to define

alternative way to continue rest of the program normally. This way of
defining alternative is nothing but Exception Handling.

Eg: Suppose our programming requirement is to read data from UK file at

runtime. If UK file is not available our program should be terminated
normally. We have to provide a local file to continue rest of the program
normally. This way of defining alternative is nothing but Exception
Handling.

try
{
Read datafrom UK file
}catch(FileNotFoundException e)
{
Use local file and continue the rest of the program normally
}………

2) Runtime Stack Mechanism:

For every thread JVM will create a separate stack, all method calls performed by
thread will be stored in that stack. Each entry in the stack is called one Activation
record/Stack Frame. After completing every method call JVM removes the
corresponding entries from the stack.

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After completing all method calls JVM destroys the empty stack and
terminates the program normally.

Eg:

class Test {

public static void main(String[] a){

doStuff();

public static void doStuff(){

doMoreStuff();

public static void doMoreStuff(){

System.out.println(“hello”);

Process: For every java program internally one thread is created for java

(eg: i.e ‘main’) for that JVM created one Runtime stack.

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3) Default Exception handling in Java:

If an exception raised inside any method then the method is responsible to

create Exception object with the following information.

 Name of the Exception

 Description of the Exception
 Location of the Exception

 After creating that exception object the method handovers that object to the
JVM.
 JVM checks whether the method contains any exception handling code or
not. If the method won’t contain any handling code then JVM terminates the
method abnormally and removes corresponding entry from the stack.

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 JVM identifies the caller method and checks whether the caller method
contain any handler code or not. If the caller method also doesn’t contain
handle code then JVM terminates that caller method also abnormally and
removes corresponding entry from the stack.
 This process will be continued until main() method and if the main() method
doesn’t contain any exception handling code then JVM terminates main()
method and removes corresponding entry from the stack.

 Then JVM handovers the responsibility of exception handling to the

‘Default Exception Handler’

 ‘Default Exception Handler’ just print exception information to the

console in the following format and terminates the program abnormally.

Name of the Exception: Description

Location of the Exception (Stack trace)

Eg:

class Test {

public static void main(String[] a){

doStuff();

public static void doStuff(){

doMoreStuff();

public static void doMoreStuff(){

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System.out.println(10/0);

Output:

RE:Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero

at Test.doMoreStuff(Test.java:13)

at Test.doStuff(Test.java:9)

at Test.main(Test.java:5)

4) Exception Hierarchy:

 ‘Throwable’ acts as a root for the exception hierarchy.

 ‘Throwable’class contains the following two child classes.

 Exception
 Error
Exception:

Most of the cases Exceptions are caused by our program and these are

‘recoverable’

Error:

Most of the cases Errors aren’t caused by our program these are due to

lack of system resources and these are ‘non-recoverable’.

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4.1)Checked VS Unchecked Exception:

Checked Exception:
The Exceptions which are checked by the compiler for smooth
execution of the program at runtime are called ‘Checked Exception’.

Eg: HallTicketMissingException
PenNotWorkingException
FilenotFoundException………etc.

Un Checked Exception:
The Exceptions which are not checked by the compiler for smooth
execution of the program at runtime are called ‘Checked Exception’
Eg: BombBlastException
AirthmeticException
NullPointerException………etc.

Note: Runtime Exception and it’s child classes, Error and it’s child classes are
“Un Checked Exceptions” and all the remaining are considered as “Checked
Excepions”.

Whether the exception is checked or un checked compulsory it should occur at

runtime only. There is no chance of occurring any exception at compile time.

4.2) Partially Checked VS Fully Checked:

If checked exception is said to be fully checked iff all it’s child
classes also checked.
Eg: IOException--->Checked Exception
InturrptedException----> Checked Exception

If checked execption is said to be prtially checked iff some it’s child

classes also un checked.

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Eg: Exception------> Checked Exception

|
RuntimeException-------> Unchecked Exception

Eg: At supermarket-------> mother---- checked

Baby------ n’t checked

Note:The only Partially Checked exceptions in java are

Trowable , Exception.

Q) Which of the following are checked?

1) RuntimeException--------> unchecked Exception

2) Error --------> unchecked Exception
3) IOException --------->checked, fully checked
4) Exception -----------> partially checked
5) InterruptedException------> fully checked
6) Throwable ---------> partially checked

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5) Customized Exception Handling by try-catch:

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It is highly recommended to handle exception. In our program the code

which may cause an exception is called risky code. We have to place risky code
inside try-block and the corresponding handling code inside catch block.

Syntax:

try

Risky code

catch (Ex e)

Handling code

Without try-catch:

class Test1 {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("hi");

System.out.println(10/0);

System.out.println("Hello”);

Output:

hi

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Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero

at Test1.main(Test1.java:6)

with try-catch:

class Test1

public static void main(String[] args)

System.out.println("hi");

try{

System.out.println(10/0);

}catch(ArithmeticException e){

System.out.println(10/2);

System.out.println("Hello");

Output:
hi
5
Hello

6) Control flow in try-catch:

try
{
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Stat 1;
Stat 2;
Stat 3:
}catch(x e)
{
Stat 4;
}
Stat 5;
Case 1:
If there is ‘no exception’
Statement 1,2,3,5 executed i.e normal termination

Case 2:
If an exception raised at Statement 2 and corresponding catch
block matched will be executed.
Statement 1,4 ,5 executed normal termination

try
{
Stat 1;
Stat 2;---------------->// At statement 2 exception raised in try block then
Stat 3; Controller goes to corresponding catch block
}catch(x e) and executed that statement then controller
{ doesn’t go back to execute stat 2 and stat 3.
Stat 4;
}
Stat 5;

Case 3:

If an exception raised at statement 2 but the corresponding catch

block not matched
Output: 1 followed by abnormal termination.

Case 4:
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If an exception raised at statement 4 or statement 5

Then it always abnormal termination of the program
NOTE:

 Within the try-block if any where an exception raised then rest of the
try-block won’t be executed even though we handled exception.
Hence we have to place risky code inside try-block and length of the
try-block should be as less as possible.
 If any statement which raises an exception and it isn’t part of the any
try-block then it is always abnormal termination of the program.

 finally blocks also in condition to try-block.

7) Various method to print Exception Information:

’Throwable’ class defines the following methods to print exception information to

the console.

i) printStackTrace():

This method prints exception information in the following format

Name of the Exception: description of the exception’

Stack trace

ii) toString():

This method prints exception information in the following format

Name of the exception: description

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iii)getMessage():

This method prints exception information in the following format.

Description

NOTE: Default exception handler internally uses printStacktrace(), to print

exception information to the console.

8) Try with multiple catch blocks:

The way of handling an exception varied from exception to
exception. Hence every exception type a separate catch block is required i.e.
try with multiple catch blocks is possible and recommended to use.

Eg1:
try{
………
}catch(Exception e)
{
Default Handler
}

Note: This approach isn’t recommended because for any type of exception
we are using the same catch block.

Eg:

try{
//statements.....
}catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
//use local file;
}catch (ArithmeticException e) {
// perform these airthmetic operations

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}catch (SQLException e) {
// don't use oracle DB use my sql DB
}catch (Exception e) {
// for default handler
}

Note: This approach is highly recommended because for different exception

types we are defining a separate catch blocks.

Note: If try with multiple catch blocks present then order of catch blocks
is very important it should be from child to parent. By mistake if we are
taking from parent to child then we will get compile time error saying.

Exception XXXException has already been caught

EG: CE: exception java.lang.ArithmeticException has already been caught.

Eg2:

try{
//statements
}catch (ArithmeticExceptione) {
// TODO: handle exception
}catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
}
This is highly recommended.

9) finally:
 It is never recommended to take ‘clean up’ code inside try block
because there is no guarantee for the execution of every statement
inside a try.
Eg:

try{

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/*statements
* open Db connection
* Read data connection
* Db connection close----->clean-up code
*/
}catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
}

 It is never recommended to clean-up code inside a catch block.

Because if there is no exception then catch block won’t be execute

Eg:

try{
//statements

}catch (Exception e) {
// clean-up code
}

 We required some place to maintain clean up code which should be

executed always irrespective of whether exception raised or not and
whether handled or not handled. Such type of place is nothing but
‘finally’ block.
 Hence the main objective of ‘finally’ block is to maintain clean up
code

try{
//Risky code
}catch (Exception e) {
// handling code
}finally{
//clean up code
}

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 The specialty of ‘finally’ block is, It will be executed always irrespective of

whether exception is raised or not raised and whether handled or not
handled.

Eg1:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
System.out.println("try");

}catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("catch");
}finally{
System.out.println("finally");
}
}
}

Output:
try
finally

Eg2:

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
System.out.println("try");
System.out.println(10/0);
}catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("catch");
}finally{
System.out.println("finally");
}
}
}

Output:
try
catch
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finally

Eg3:

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
System.out.println("try");
System.out.println(10/0);
}finally{
System.out.println("finally");
}
}
}

Output:
try
finally

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero

return VS finally:
Even though return statement present in try or catch blocks first finally will be
executed and after that only return statement will be considered. i.e. finally block
dominates the return statement.

Eg:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
System.out.println("try");
return;
//System.out.println("try1");
}catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("catch");
}finally{
System.out.println("Finally");
}
}
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Output:
try
Finally

Note:
 Generally when we write a return in any method then after returns, those are
not executed.
 But in the case of finally, finally executed first and then return.

If return statement present inside try, catch, finally then finally block return
statement will be considered.

 There is only situation , where the finally block won’t be executed is

whenever we are using System.exit(0) method.

Eg:

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
System.out.println("try");
System.exit(0);
//System.out.println("try1");
}catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("catch");
}finally{
System.out.println("finally");
}
}
}

Output:
try

10) Difference between final ,finalize, finally:

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final:

final modifiers is applicable for classes, methods and variables.

 If a class declared as final then the child class creation is not possible.
 If a method declared as final then overriding of that is not possible.
 If a variable declared as final then re-assignment is not possible.

finally:
It is the block always associated with try /catch to maintain clean up code
which should be executed always irrespective of whether exception raised or not
raised and whether handled or not handled.

finalize():
It is a method which should be called by garbage collector. Just before destroying
an object to perform clean-up activities.

NOTE:
To maintain clean-up code finally block is recommended over finalize() method
because we cannot expect exact behavior of the Garbage Collector.

11) Control flow in try-catch-finally:

Eg:
try{
statement 1;
statement 2;
statement 3

}catch (Exception e) {
stsement 4;
}finally
{
statenent 5;
}
statement 6;
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case 1:

If there is no exception statement 1,2,3,5,6 executed as be in

normal termination.

Case 2:

If an exception rose at statement 2 and corresponding catch block matched

then 1,4,5,6, normal termination.

Case 3:

If an exception raised at statement 2 and corresponding catch not block

matched then 1,5 abnormal termination.

Case 4:

If an exception raised at statement 4then it is always abnormal termination

but before that finally block will be executed then 5, abnormal termination.

Case 5:

If an exception raised at statement 5 and 6 then it is always abnormal

termination.

12) Control flow in nested try-catch-finally:

Eg:
try{
statement 1;
statement 2;
statement 3;

try{
statement 4;
statement 5;
statement 6;

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}catch (x e) {
statement 7;
}finally{
statenent 8;
}
statement 9;
}catch (Y e) {
statement 10;
}finally{
statement 11;
}
statement 12;

Case 1:

If there is no exception
1--------- 12 executed ,normal termination.

Case 2:

If an exception raised at statement 2 and the corresponding catch block

matched
1,10,11,12 executed and normal termination

Case 3:

If an exception raised at statement2 and the corresponding is not matched

then 1,11 ,abnormal termination

Case 4:

If an exception raised at statement 5 and the corresponding inner catch is

matched then 1,2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12 , normal termination

Case 5:

If an exception raised at statement 5 and inner catch has not matched but
outer catch block has matched
1,2,3,4,8,10,11,12, normal termination

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Case 6:

If an exception raised at statement 5 and both inner and outer catch blocks
are not matched
1,2,3,4,8,11,abnormal termination

Case 7:
If an exception raised at statement 7 and the corresponding inner catch is
matched
1,2,3,.,.,.8,10,11,12, normal termination

Case 8:

If an exception raised at statement 7 and the corresponding inner catch is

not matched
1,2,3,.,.,.8,11, abnormal termination
Case 9:

If an exception raised at statement 8 and the corresponding inner catch is

matched

1,2,3,.,.,.,.,10,11,12, normal termination

Case 10:

If an exception raised at statement 8 and the corresponding inner catch is

not matched

1,2,3,.,.,., .,11, abnormal termination

Case 11:

If an exception raised at statement 9 and the corresponding inner catch is

matched

1,2,3,.,.,., .,8,10,11,12, normal termination

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Case 12:

If an exception raised at statement 9 and the corresponding inner catch is

not matched
1,2,3,.,.,., .,8,11, abnormal termination

Case 13:
If an exception raised at statement 10 is always abnormal termination but
before that finally block 11 will be executed

Case 14:

If an exception raised at statement 11 or 12 is always abnormal termination

NOTE:
If we are not entering into the try block then the finally block won’t be
executed once we entered into the try block without executing finally block
we cannot come out.

Eg:

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
System.out.println(10/0);
}catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println(10/0);
}finally
{
String s=null;
System.out.println(s.length());
}
}
}

Output:

RE: Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException

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NOTE: Default exception handler only one exception at a time and which is
mostly recently raised exception.

13) Various possible combinations of try-catch-finally:

1) 2) 3)

try{ try{ try{

} catch (Exception e) }catch (x e) { }catch (x e) {

{ // TODO: handle // TODO: handle

exception exception
// TODO: handle
exception }catch (Y e) { }catch (x e) {

} // TODO: handle // TODO: handle

exception exception

} }

//correct //CE:exception x has

//correct
already been caught

4) 5) 6)

try{
try{ catch (Exception e) {

// TODO: handle }
exception
} System.out.println("hello");
}
catch (Exception e) {

// TODO: handle exception

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//CE: try with //CE: catch without try }

out catch or
finally //CE1: try without catch or
finally

//CE2: catch without try

7) 9)

8)

try{ try{

try{

}catch (Exception e) { }finally{

// TODO: handle }finally{

exception
}finally{
}
}
finally{
}

//correct // finally with out try

}//correct

10) 11) 12)

try{ try{
finally{

}catch (Exception e) { }finally{

}
// TODO:

handle exception } // finally without try

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} catch (Exception e) {

System.out.println // TODO: handle

exception
("hello");
}
finally{
//catch without try

}
//finally without try

13) 14) 15)

try{ try{
try{

try{
}catch (Exception e) }catch (Exception e)
}catch (Exception e) {
{ {
// TODO: handle
// TODO: handle // TODO: handle
exception exception exception

} }try{ try{

}catch (Exception e) { }catch (Exception e) {

// TODO: handle } // TODO: handle

exception finally{ exception

} }
//correct
}
}
}finally{
//correct
}
//correct

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16) 17)

finally{ try{

} }catch (Exception e) {

try{ // TODO: handle exception

}finally{

}catch (Exception e) { try{

// TODO: handle exception

} }catch (Exception e) {
//CE: finally without try
// TODO: handle exception

}
//correct

14) Throw statement:

Sometimes we can create an exception object explicitly and we can we

can hand over to the JVM manually by using throw keyword.

throw new ArithmeticException(“/by zero”);

The result of the following two programs is exactly same

class Test{ class Test{

public static void main(String[] args) { public static void main(String[] args) {

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System.out.println(10/0); throw new ArithmeticException();

} }

} }

// in this case creation of AE object and //in this case we are creating an exception
handover to the jvm will be performed by object explicitly and handover to the jvm
automatically by the main() manually.

NOTE: In general we can use ‘throw’ keyword for customized exception but not
for predefined exception.

Case 1:

throw e;
if e refers null then we will get NullpointerException

1) 2)

class Test{ class Test{

static ArithmeticException ae= static ArithmeticException ae;

new ArithmeticException(); publicstaticvoid main(String[] args) {

public static void main(String[] args) { throwae;

throwae; }

} }

//RE: AE //RE:NPE

Case 2:

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After throw statement we can’t take any statement directly otherwise we

will get compile time error saying unreachable statement.

1) 2)

class Test{ class Test{

public static void main(String[] args) { public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println(10/0); throw new ArithmeticException("/by

System.out.println("hello"); zero");

} System.out.println("hello");

}//RE:AE:/ by zero }

}// unreachable statement

Case 3:
We can use throw keyword only for throwable types. Otherwise we will
get compile time error saying incompatible types.

1) 2)

class Test{
Class Testextends RuntimeException{

public static void main(String[] args) {

public static void main(String[] args) {
throw new Test();
throw new Test();
}
}
}
}

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//CE: incompatible types //RE:Exception in thread ‘main’ test

Found: test
Required:int

15) Throws keyword:

 Throws keyword just used for checked Exception.
 In our program, if there is any chance of raising checked exception
compulsory we should handle either by try/catch or by throws
keyword otherwise the code won’t compile
Eg:

class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Thread.sleep(5000);
}
}

Output:
CE: unreported Exception: java.lang.InturupptedExcception
Must be called are declared to be thrown.

We can handle these compile time error by using the following ways
By using try/catch:

Eg:

class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {
Thread.sleep(5000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
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}
}
}

By using throws keyword:

We can use throws keyword to delegate the responsibility of Exception
Handling to the caller method then the caller method is responsible to handle that
exception.

Eg:

class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

Thread.sleep(5000);
}
}

 Hence the main objective of throws keyword is to delegate the responsibility

of exception handling to the caller method.
 ‘throws’ keyword required only for checked Exception usage of throw for
unchecked Exception there is no use.
 Throws keyword required only to convince compiler usage of throws
keyword doesn’t prevent abnormal termination of the program.

Eg:

class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

dostuff();
}
public static void doStuff()throws InterruptedException{
domorestuff();

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publicstaticvoid domoreStuff()throws InterruptedException{

Thread.sleep(5000);
}
}

In the above program if we are removing at least one throws keyword then the
program won’t compile.

Case 1:
We can use throws keyword only for throwable types otherwise we will get compile time error
saying incompatible types.

1) 2)

class Test { class Test extends RuntimeException{

public static void main(String[] args) publicstaticvoid main(String[] args)

throws Test { throws Test {

} }

} }

//correct

//CE: incompatible types

Found : test

Equired java.lang.throwable

Case 2:
In our program

1) 2)

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class Test { class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) { public static void main(String[] args) {

throw new Exception(); throw new Error();

} }

} }

//RE:exception in thread ‘main’ j.l.Error

// unreported Exception j.l Exception

Must be caught or declared thrown

Case 3:
In our program if there is no chance of raising an exception then we can’t write
catch block for that exception otherwise we will get compile error saying
CE: Exception: xxxException is never thrown in body of corresponding try
statement
But this rule is applicable for only fully checked exceptions.

1) 2) 3)

try{
try{ try{
System.out.println("hello");
System.out.println("hi"); System.out.println("hi");
}catch (IOException e) {
}catch (Exception e) { }catch
// TODO: handle exception
(ArithmeticException e) {
// TODO: handle
}
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exception // TODO: handle exception //wrong

//fully Checked
} }
//correct //correct
//partially checked // un checked

Some more……

1) 2)

try{ try{

System.out.println("hello"); System.out.println("hello");

}catch (InterruptedException e) { }catch (Error e) {

// TODO: handle exception // TODO: handle exception

} }
//wrong //correct
//fully checked //un checked

16) Exception Handling Keyword Summay:

Try---------------> To maintain risky code

Catch-------------> to maintain handling code
finally------------>to maintain clean up code
throw-------------> to hand-over our created exception object to the
JVM manually.
Throws-----------> to delegate responsibilities of exception handling
to the caller method .

17) Various possible compile time errors in exception Handling:

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 Exception xxx has already been caught

 Unreported exception xxx must be caught or declared to be thrown
 Exception xxx is never thrown in body of corresponding try statement
 Try without catch or finally
 Catch without try
 Finally without try
 Incompatible types
Found: Test
Required: java.lang.Throwable
 Unreachable statement
18) Customized Exception:(user defined Exceptions):

Sometimes we can create our own Exceptions to meet our

programming requirements. Such type of exceptions is called custom
Exceptions.
Eg: InSufficientException
TooYoungException
TooOldException

Eg:

Class TooYoungException extends RuntimeException

{
public TooYoungException(String s) {
super(s);
}
}

Class TooOldException extends RuntimeException{

TooOldException(String s){
super(s);
}
}

class CustException
{
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publicstaticvoid main(String[] args) {

int age=Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
if(age>60){
throw new TooYoungException("plz wait some more time
.......u will get match");
}
elseif(age<18){
thrownew TooOldException("ur age is already
crossed..........no chance to getting married");
}
else{
System.out.println("u will get match datails soon by e-
mail");
}
}
}

Note:

It is highly recommended to maintain our customized Exception as unchecked

by throwable type including errors also

19) Top 10 Exceptions:

JVM Exceptions:
Raised automatically by the JVM whenever a particular event occurs.
Eg:
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(AIOOBE)
NullPointerException(NPE)

Programmatic Exceptions:

The exceptions which are raised explicitly by the programmer (or) by the
API developer are called programmatic Exception
Eg: IllegalArgumentException

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ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException:

It is the child class of RuntimeException and hence it is unchecked raised

automatically by the jvm when ever we are trying to access Array element
without of range index
Eg:
Int[] x=new int[10];
s.o.p(x[9]);----->valid
s.o.p(x[100]);-------->RE:AIOOBE
s.o.p(x[-100]);------->RE:AIOOBE

NullPointerException:
It is the child class of RuntimeException and hence it is unchecked raised
automatically by the jvm when ever we are trying to call method null.
Eg: String s=null;
s.o.p(s.length());---------->NullPointerException

StackOverFlowError:

It is the child class of Error and hence it is unchecked whenever we are

trying to invoke recursive method call to jvm will raise StackoverFlowError
automatically.

Eg:

class Test {
publicstaticvoidm1{
m2();

}
publicstaticvoid m2(){
m1();
}
publicstaticvoid main(String[] args) {
m1();

}
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Output:
RuntimeException: StackOverFlowError

NoClassDefFoundError:

It is the child class of Error and hence it is unchecked JVM will raised
automatically whenever it is unable to find required .class file

Eg:
C:/>Java Test

If Text.class is not available then we will get NoClassDefFoundError.

ClassCastException:

It is the child class of RuntimeException and hence it is unchecked raised

automatically by the jvm when ever we are trying to typecast parent object
to the child object type.
Eg:
Stirng s=new String(“sekhar”);
Object o =(Object)s;----------->valid

Object o=new Object();

String s=(string)o;

Output:RE:CCE

ExceptionInInitializerError:

It is the child class of Error and hence it is unchecked raised automatically

by the jvm. If an exception occurs while performing static variable
initialization and static block execution.

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Eg:
class Test{
Static int i=10/0;
}

Output: RE:ExceptionInInitializerError:caused by AE:/by zero

Eg:

class Test{
static{
String s=null;
s.o.p(s.length());
}
}

Output:
RE:ExceptionInInitializerError:caused by NPE
IllegalArgumentException:It is the child class of RuntimeException and
hence it is unchecked raised explicitly by the programmer or by the API
developer to indicate that a method has been invoked with inappropriate
argument

Eg:
Thread t =new thread();
t.setpriority(10);------------->valid
t.setPriority(100);-------->RE: IAE

NumberFormatException:

It is the child class of IllegalargumentException and hence it is unchecked

raised explicitly by the programmer or by the API. Developer to indicate that
we are attempting to convert String to the number but string is not properly
formatted.
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Eg:
int i=Integer.parseInt(“10”);--------------->valid
int i=Integer.parseInt(“ten”);--------------->RE: NumberFormatExcception

IllegalStateException:

It is the child class of RuntimeException and hence it is unchecked raised

explicitly by the programmer or by the API. Developer to indicate that a
method has been invoked with inappropriate time.

Eg: Once session expiries we can’t call any method on the session object
otherwise we will get IllegalStateException.

HttpSession session req.getSession();

Sop(session.getId());
Session.invalidate();
Sop(session.getId());----->RE:IllegalStateException

Assertion Error: It is the child class of Error and hence it is unchecked

raised explicitly by the programmer or by the AP developer to indicate that
Assert statement fails.
Eg: assert(false);

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