“Heaven’s light is our guide”
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
Course Code: EEE 3218
Course name: Communication Engineering II sessional
Experiment No: 06
Name of the experiment: Experimental study of Adaptive Delta Modulation (ADM)
Submitted by: Submitted to:
Name: Shahriar Nafis Md. Sarwar Hosen
Roll: 1901042 Assistant Professor
Section: A Department of EEE
Series: 19 Rajshahi University of Engineering
& Technology
Date of Experiment:13-12-23
Date of Submission:31-01-24
Experiment No: 06
Experiment Name: Experimental study of Adaptive Delta Modulation (ADM)
6.1 Objectives
To get familiar with Adaptive Delta Modulation (ADM)
6.2 Theory
Adaptive Delta Modulation (ADM): Adaptive Delta Modulation (ADM) is an improved version of
Delta Modulation (DM) that introduces flexibility in the quantization step size. The primary objective
of ADM is to overcome the limitations of traditional delta modulation, particularly when dealing with
signals characterized by varying amplitudes and rapid changes.
In Adaptive Delta Modulation, the quantization of the difference between the current signal value and
the predicted value of the subsequent signal is performed, and a variable step size is employed to
predict subsequent values. Within ADM, the voltage gain, regulated by the amplifier, undergoes
adjustments based on the output signal generated by the sampler.
Fig. 6.1: Block Diagram of ADM transmitter
Fig. 6.1 illustrates the block diagram of the ADM transmitter, encompassing both the transmitter and
receiver components. The transmitter comprises a summer, a quantizer, a delay circuit, and a logic
circuit. In this setup, the step size is maintained within predefined maximum and minimum values. The
step size, proportional to the amplifier gain, is crucial for mitigating slope overload distortion and
granular noises inherent in delta modulation. Notably, the step size of the quantizer varies over time to
enhance performance.
6.3 Required Apparatus
1. Adaptive Delta modulation kit
2. Signal Generator
3. Oscilloscope
6.4 Observation
Fig. 5.1: Modulated signal for input voltage 0 100Hz Fig. 5.2: Modulated signal for input voltage 5V 200Hz
6.5 Discussion and Conclusion
In this conducted experiment, we investigated Delta modulation, a method known for its simplicity
and suitability for applications with constrained data rates, prioritizing simplicity over achieving high-
fidelity signal reproduction. However, it's important to note that delta modulation may introduce slope
overload distortion, especially in scenarios involving rapidly changing input signals. This distortion
represents a trade-off for the sake of the simplicity and reduced bandwidth achieved through delta
modulation.
When applying an input voltage of 0 volts at 100Hz, the resulting pulse exhibited consistent width in
both positive and negative axes. Employing a biasing voltage of +5 volts at 200Hz led to a pulse with
a higher frequency. However, maintaining the same input frequency resulted in no change in the output
frequency, only a shift in amplitude. Importantly, the output waveforms aligned with those expected
from the manual, affirming the success of the experiment.
