STATISTICS FOR MANAGEMENT
Problems on Probability
1. One ticket is drawn at random from a bag containing 50 tickets numbered from 1 to
50. Find the probability that :
(a) It is a multiple of 5 or 7.
(b) It is a multiple of 3 or 4.
2. There are 17 balls, numbered from 1 to 17 in a bag. If a person selects one at
random, what is the probability that the number printed on the ball will be an even
number greater than 9.
3. What is the probability that a leap year selected at random will contain 53 Sundays.
What is the chance that a non leap year contains 53 Sundays.
4. Suppose from a pack of 52 Cards, one card is drawn at random. What is the
probability that it is a King or a Queen.
5. A husband and wife appear in an interview for two vacancies in the same post. The
probability of husband’s selection is 1/7 and that of wife’s selection is 1/5.
(a) What is the probability that only one of them will be selected.
(b) Both of them will be selected.
(c) None of them will be selected.
6. A bunch of 30 tickets are numbered from 1 to 30. A ticket is drawn at random from
these tickets. What is the probability that this number is :
(a) 3 or multiple of 3.
(b) 4 or multiple of 4.
(c) 5 or multiple of 5.
(d) 6 or multiple of 6.
(e) Either (5 or multiple of 5) or (6 or multiple of 6).
7. A construction company is bidding for two contracts, A and B. The probability that the
company will get contract A is 3/5, the probability that the company will get contract B is
1/3 and the probability that the company will get both the contracts is 1/8. What is the
probability that the company will get contract A or B ?
8. If the probability is 0.30 that a Management Accountant’s job applicant has a post-
graduate degree, 0.70 that he has had some work experience as a Chief Financial
Accountant, and 0.20 that he has both. Out of 300 applicants, approximately, what
number would have either a post-graduate degree or some professional work
experience ?
9. The probability that India wins a hockey match against England is given to be 1/5. If
India and England play three hockey matches, what is the probability that (a) India will
lose all the three matches ? (b) India will win at least one match ?
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10. A Committee of 4 people is to be appointed from 3 Officers of the Production
Department, 4 Officers of the Purchase Department, 2 Officers of the Sales
Department and one Chartered Accountant. Find the probability of forming the
Committee in the following manner.
(i) There must be one from each category.
(ii) It should have atleast one from the Purchase Department.
(iii) The Chartered Accountant must be in the Committee.
Problems on Baye’s Theorem
11. A company has two plants to manufacture scooters. Plant I manufactures 80 per cent `
of the scooters and Plant II manufactures 20 per cent. At Plant I, 85 out of 100 are `
rated standard quality or better. At Plant II, only 65 out of 100 are rated standard `
quality or better.
(a) What is the probability that the scooter selected at random came from Plant I, if it
is known that the scooter is of standard quality ?
(b) What is the probability that the scooter came from Plant II, if it is known that the
scooter is of standard quality ?
12. There are three persons A, B and C. The chances that they are selected as manager
of an industry are 1/3, 2/9 and 4/9 respectively. The chances that they will introduce
radical change in production plan are 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7 respectively. It is known that
there was change in the production plan of the industry. What is the chance that it was
due to Mr. A being appointed as manager ?
13. In a bolt factory, M1, M2 and M3 Machines manufacture 25, 35 and 40 per cent of
the total output. Out of this output, 5, 4 and 2 per cent are defective bolts
respectively. One bolt is drawn at random from the product and is found to be defective.
What is the probability that it is manufactured by the Machine M1, Machine M2 and
Machine M3.
14. A factory produces a certain type of output by three types of machines. The respective
daily production figures are :
Machine A = 3,000 units
Machine B = 2,500 units
Machine C = 4,500 units
The past experience shows that 1 % of the output produced by the Machine A is
defective. The corresponding figures for the fraction of defectives of other two machines
are 1.2 % and 2 % respectively. An item is drawn at random from the day’s
production and is found to be defective. What is the probability that it comes from the
output of (i) Machine A, (ii) Machine B and (iii) Machine C.
