Namal University, Mianwali
Department of Electrical Engineering
EE-335– Power Electronics
Power Electronics CEP Report
Simulation and Design of a Residential Solar Power System
Student Name Student ID
Muskan Aman NUM-BSEE-2022-04
Shahmeer Mateen Khan NUM-BSEE-2022-21
Muzammil Ali Khan NUM-BSEE-2022-27
Date: June 16, 2025
Instructor: Dr. Naureen Shaukat
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Contents
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 3
2. Problem Statement .................................................................................................................................. 3
3. Key Requirements:.................................................................................................................................. 3
3.1. System Load ......................................................................................................................................... 3
3.2. Solar Resource ..................................................................................................................................... 3
4. Circuit Diagram ...................................................................................................................................... 4
5. System Design ........................................................................................................................................ 4
I. PV Array Design ................................................................................................................................. 4
II. Boost Converter Design ...................................................................................................................... 4
III. Inverter Design................................................................................................................................ 4
IV. Battery Storage System ................................................................................................................... 5
6. Working of the Circuit ............................................................................................................................ 5
i. Photovoltaic (PV) Array ..................................................................................................................... 5
ii. DC-DC Boost Converter with MPPT ................................................................................................. 5
iii. Battery Storage System ................................................................................................................... 6
iv. Single-Phase Full-Bridge Inverter with PWM Control ...................................................................... 6
7. Calculations for the System: ................................................................................................................... 7
8. Simulation Results: ................................................................................................................................. 8
9. Conclusion: ........................................................................................................................................... 10
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1. Introduction
A residential solar energy system generally involves converting sunlight into electricity through
photovoltaic arrays that produce direct current (DC) power. Since the majority of household
devices function on alternating current (AC), the system needs converters to modify and change
the electricity into a usable format. The PV array acts as the main source of energy, and its
production relies significantly on environmental factors like irradiance and temperature.
The system uses a Boost Converter with MPPT to maximize power output from the solar panels.
This energy is subsequently converted from DC to 220V AC with an inverter for residential
purposes. The battery holds extra energy for use during periods without sunlight. The entire system
is developed and evaluated in MATLAB Simulink to provide 3 kW and fulfill a 12 kWh daily
requirement.
2. Problem Statement
As a power electronics engineer, the task is to develop a solar energy system capable of powering
a 3-kW residential home. The system should be designed and simulated to function in either an
off-grid or grid-tied setting and must include:
1. A PV array.
2. A DC-DC converter (e.g., Boost converter) for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)
and voltage regulation.
3. A DC-AC inverter converts DC output to 220V RMS, 50Hz AC.
4. A battery storage system for energy backup.
3. Key Requirements:
3.1. System Load
• Average daily energy consumption: 12 kWh/day
• Peak load: 3 kW
• Operating voltage: 220V AC, single-phase
3.2. Solar Resource
• Location: Mianwali, Pakistan
• Average sun hours: ~5.5 hours/day
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4. Circuit Diagram
This section presents the designed solar power system, integrating the PV array, DC-DC Boost
converter, battery storage, and DC-AC inverter.
5. System Design
I. PV Array Design
The PV array was designed to meet the daily energy demand of 12 kWh. Assuming an average of
5.5 sun hours per day, the required power output from the PV array is calculated as:
𝐷𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑦 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 12𝑘𝑊ℎ
Ppv = = ≈ 2.18kW
𝑆𝑢𝑛 𝐻𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 5.5
The array consists of 10 modules, each rated at 300W, connected in a 5-series, 2-parallel
configuration to achieve the desired voltage and current levels.
II. Boost Converter Design
The boost converter steps up the PV output voltage i.e. 203V to a stable 300V DC for the inverter. The
converter uses an MPPT algorithm to maximize power extraction from the PV array. The duty cycle D of
the boost converter is calculated as:
𝑽𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝟎𝟑
D=1−𝑽𝒐𝒖𝒕 = 1−𝟑𝟎𝟎 = 0.32
III. Inverter Design
The single-phase full-bridge inverter converts the 300V DC to 220V RMS, 50Hz AC using
sinusoidal PWM (SPWM) control. The modulation index ma is set to 0.8 to ensure a clean output
waveform. The output filter (LC) is designed to attenuate high-frequency harmonics, targeting a
THD below 5%.
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IV. Battery Storage System
A 48V, 200Ah lithium-ion battery bank was selected to store excess energy. The battery capacity
is calculated to provide backup for 8 hours of nighttime operation:
Energy Storage=250V×100Ah = 2.5kWh
6. Working of the Circuit
i. Photovoltaic (PV) Array
➢ Function:
It Converts sunlight into direct current (DC) electricity.
➢ Working Principle:
• The PV array consists of multiple solar panels connected in series and parallel to achieve
the desired voltage and current levels.
• In this design, 10 solar panels (each 300W, 30V, 10A) are used in a 5-series, 2-parallel
(5S2P) configuration.
• Series connection increases voltage:
V_total=5×30V
• Parallel connection increases current:
I_total=2×10A=20A
• Total power output:
Ptotal=150V×20A=3kW
• The PV array operates under varying irradiance conditions, and its output power depends
on sunlight availability.
ii. DC-DC Boost Converter with MPPT
➢ Function:
It steps up the variable DC voltage (213V) from the PV array to a stable higher DC voltage
(300V) for the inverter.
• Implements Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) to extract the maximum available
power from the PV array under changing sunlight conditions.
➢ Working Principle:
• The boost converter consists of:
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• Inductor (L) – Stores energy when the switch is ON.
• MOSFET (Switch) – Controls the duty cycle for voltage boosting.
• Diode (D) – Prevents reverse current flow.
• Capacitor (C) – Smoothens the output voltage.
• MPPT Algorithm:
o Continuously adjusts the duty cycle to keep the PV array operating at its maximum power
point (MPP).
iii. Battery Storage System
➢ Function:
• Stores excess solar energy when PV generation exceeds load demand.
• Supplies power to the inverter when solar energy is insufficient (e.g., at night or during
cloudy weather).
➢ Working Principle:
• A 48V, 200Ah Lithium-Ion battery bank is used.
➢ Charging Mode (Excess PV Power):
o When PV power > load demand, the battery charges via a bidirectional DC-DC
converter.
o The converter regulates charging current to prevent overcharging.
➢ Discharging Mode (Low PV Power):
o When PV power is insufficient, the battery discharges to maintain power supply.
o The inverter draws power from the battery to meet the load demand.
iv. Single-Phase Full-Bridge Inverter with PWM Control
➢ Function:
• Converts 300V DC from the boost converter/battery into 220V RMS, 50Hz AC for
residential loads.
• Uses Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) to generate a clean sinusoidal output.
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➢ Working Principle:
• Full-Bridge Inverter Topology:
Consists of 4 MOSFETs (or IGBTs) arranged in an H-bridge configuration.
• Sinusoidal PWM (SPWM) Control:
A 60Hz sine wave (modulating signal) is compared with a high-frequency triangular wave
(carrier signal).
7. Calculations for the System:
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8. Simulation Results:
PV Output:
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Figure 3: PV Array Output
Boost Converter Output:
Figure 1: Boost Voltage
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DC-AC Inverter Output:
Figure 2: Inverted Output
9. Conclusion:
The solar power system converted sunlight into usable household electricity. The PV array
captured sunlight and generated DC power, while the boost converter with MPPT optimized power
extraction and maintained stable voltage levels. The battery storage system stored excess energy
for use during periods without sunlight. Finally, the full-bridge inverter with PWM converted the
DC power into clean 220V AC power suitable for home appliances. Together, these components
functioned as an efficient and reliable power generation system.
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