R P Sarathy Institute of
Technology, Salem
CASE STUDY
Reg. No : 611723104102
Name : S.Sopitha
Department : Computer Science and Engineering
Subject Code : CS3551
Subject Name : Distributed Computing
Title : Global State of a Distributed System
Introduction to Distributed Systems
• A distributed system is a collection of
independent computers that appear to the
users as a single coherent system.
• Global state refers to the combined state of all
processes and communication channels.
Why Global State Matters
• Helps in detecting stable properties
• Useful for debugging and monitoring
• Required for checkpointing, recovery, and
consistent snapshots
Components of Global State
• Local State of each process
• State of communication channels
(messages in transit)
• Timestamp of events
Challenges in Capturing Global State
• No global clock in distributed systems
• Messages can be delayed or reordered
• Concurrency issues across nodes
Consistent Global State
• A snapshot where the recorded events are
causally consistent
• Ensures that message delivery order is
respected across processes
Chandy-Lamport Snapshot Algorithm
• Captures global state in a distributed system
without halting it
• Initiator sends snapshot message
• Processes record state and propagate
snapshot markers
Chandy-Lamport Algorithm Steps
1. Initiator records its state and sends marker
2. Upon receiving marker, process records its
state
3. Messages received after marker are
considered 'in-transit'
4. Each process sends its snapshot to the initiator
Snapshot Example Scenario
• Process P1 sends a marker to P2
• P2 records its state and channel contents
• This constructs a consistent global snapshot
Applications of Global State
• Distributed debugging
• Deadlock detection
• Checkpoint and recovery
• Consistency verification
Stable Properties
• A property that once true, remains true
• Examples: termination, deadlock, loss of token
• Can be detected using consistent global
snapshots
Other Global State Algorithms
• Lai-Yang Algorithm: Uses piggybacked
markers on computation messages
• Mattern’s Algorithm: Vector clocks based
approach