Chapter -1

HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
1.1: Preliminaries
Inapplications of Mathematics to other sciences, we very often, come across certain combinations
of e and e. Due to their importance, these combinations are given special names, such as hyperbolic
sine, hyperbolic cosine etc. These names suggest that they have some similarity with the trigonometric
functions.
In this chapter, we will have a look at their precise definitions and try to understand the points of
similarity and dissimilarity between the hyperbolic and trigonometric functions (or circular functions).
Also we have to study the derivatives of hyperbolic functions, inverse hyperbolic functions and integration
of hyperbolic functions.
1.2: Hyperbolic function
We know that the function e can be expressed as sum of an even function and an odd function :
e +e e-e
2 2 -f)+g(), say. Herefis an even function and is called as hyperbolic
COSIne of x, and g is an odd function called as hyperbolic sine ofx.
Thus, we have the following definition :
1.2.1: Definition
e-e
-1: The hyperbolic sine function is defined by sinhx =
,IE R
Definition 2
The range of sinhx is also R i.e, (-o, o)
e+e
-2: The hyperbolic cosine function is defined by cosh x=
,Xe R.
Definition 2
The range of this function is [1, o)
e-e-(-*) e-e*
-=-sinhx and
You will notice that, sinh(-x) = 2 2
e+e-(-*) e+e*
cos h(-x) = coshx
2 2
 1.2 Calc ul
Thus the hyperbolic sine is an odd function, while the hyperbolic cosine is an even function.
us HU
sinhx and coshr respectively.
Fig. 1(a) and 1 (b) shows the graph of Solu

(0,1)
X X
X' X

Y' Y
Fig. - 1 (a) Fig- 1 (b)
We also define hyperbolic tangent, hyperbolic cotangent, hyperbolic secant and hyperboliccosecan
as follows :
sinh x e-e cosh x e+e
tanh x = ,coth x= ,XER-{0}
cosh x e+e* sinh x e-ex
2 Pr
sech x = 1 2
cosh x e+e-* cos echx= e- ,xeR-{0}.
sinh x
Thus, we produce a set of six hyperbolic functions. So
e-e 1-1 e+e 1+1
Remark: sinh 0= =0, cosh 0 = =]
2 2 2 2
1.2.2: Important identities
The hyperboli functions satsfy various identities :
Theorem-1.1. If, x, y e R, then
) sinh (x + y)= sinhx coshy + coshx sinhy
(ii) sinh (x- y) =sinhx coshy - coshx sinhy
(ii) cosh (x + y) = coshx coshy + sinhx sinhy
(iv) cosh (- y)= coshx coshy sinhx sinhy
(v) sinh2x = 2 sinhx coshx
(vi) cosh2x = coshx + sinhx =2cosh'x 1=
2sinhx +1
etyp{xty) e.e'-e.e' P
Proof : () sinh (x ty)=
2 2 S

[(cosh
2 x+sinh x)(cosh y+sinh y)]-(cosh x- sinh
x)(cosh y- sinh y)
= sinhx coshy + coshx sinhy
et +e-(x+y)
(iii) cosh (x + y) =
2
-(e'e+e"e")
=(coshx+ sinh x)\cosh y+sinh y) + (cosh x- sinh
x)\(coshy
=
coshx coshy + sin hx sinhy
Proof of (ii) and
-sinh y)]
(iv) to (vi) are left as an exercise.
 HuperbolicFunctions
1.3

Remark:
COshr+ sinhx = e and coshx sinhx = e
1.
cosh²r- sinh²x = 1
2.
sechx = 1l - tanhx
3.
cosech'x coth'x ]
4.
We have,
2
e)2
4.e'e
cosh'r - sinhx = -=]
4

1.2.3:Significance of hyperbolic function

Since we have seen that, cos ht- sinht= 1, it is obvious that a point (cos ht, sin ht) lies on the
unit hyperbola x -y²= 1.
Thus, the name hyperbolic function arises. Similar situation also arises in case of trigonometric
functions. The point (cos t, sin t) lies on the unit circle x + y?= 1. For this reason, the trigonometric
functions are also called as circular functions.
1.24: Behaviour of hyperbolic functions
We obseve that :
) Sinhx steadily increases as x increases because e monotonically increases and e
monotonically decreases as x increases.
(ü) As x increases, cos hx steadily decreases for x <0 and steadily increases for x> 0.
(i) coshr> sinhx for all xe R.
1.2.5: Domain and Range of hyperbolic functions
1.
2,
dom(sinhx) =(-0, o) and rng (sin hx) =(-0, o)
3
om (cos hx) -[-o, o) and rng (cos hx) - [1, «)
4.
om(tanhx)= (-,o) and rng (tan hr) = (-1, 1)
5
dom(cot hx)=(-o, o) U(0, o) and rng (cot hr) = (-0, -1)v(1, o)
om (sec hx) =(-0, oo) and rng (sec hx) = (0, 1|
6.
dom (cosec hx) =(0, 0) w(0, o) and rng(cosec hr) =(-0, 0) u(0, o)
1.3:
Derivatives of Hyperbolicfunctions
Since the hyperbolic funcions are defined in terms ofderivatives.
the natural exponential function, whose
Derivatiderive vatofivsinhx
es is already known, it is easy to calculate their
and coshx:
d e-e
dx (sinh x) = |=e+e")=coshx and
d
e-e
-(cosh x) = d le+e
2
= sinh
 1.4

Derivative of tanhr and sech: Calcul

d d
d d sinhx cosh x -(sinh x) - sinh x -(coshx)
(tanh x) = dx dx
dx dx coshx
cosh x
coshx -sinh? 1
coshx coshx sech'x.

Alternative way of finding derivative of tanhx :

d de-e
-(tanh x) = (e* +e)e*+e*)-(e* -e*Xe*-e*)
dx dx e+e* (e* +e*
(e' +e) -(e*-e*y
(e* +e*
2
e*+e*
e+e
=1-tanh x = sec hx
d d 1
dx
-(sech x) =
dx cosh x
cosh x.0-1. sinh x sinh x 1
cosh? |
cosh x - tanhx
d
cosh x
Similarly, dx
(coth x) = -cosech x

and
dx
-(cos ec hx) =-cosech x. cothx
Theorem - 1.2 :

() dx-(sinh t) = cosh t dt d
dt
dx (iü) (cosh t) = sinh t
dx dx
d
(iii) (tanht)=sech't. dt
dx d
dx (iv) (coth t) =-cos ech?:
d
d
(v) dr -(sech t)=-sech ttanh t dt d
dx (vi) -(cosecht)=-cosechtcotht -dt
d dx
Proof :: (i) d dx
dx-(sinht) =(sinht)-cosht
dt dt
dt dx
Proof of (ii) to (vi) are left as dx
an exercise
Problem-1:Find d
(i) -coth(In x)
dx
(ii) (x tanh )
 HuperbolicFunctions
1.5
d
Solution ::()
() dx coth(ln x)
d
=-c0S ech (In x)(n
dx
x) =-cos ech (n r)c0s ech"(ln x)
d
(ii) -(r tanhN*)
dx
d
dx
-(tanh x) + tanh² x.() dx
d
=r'2tanh Nz.sech' .)+{tanh ).3x*
=x.2tanhyx.sech²Jx 2 3 * tanh

=x'* tanh /x.sechx+3tanh'x)

Problem--2 : Approximate the following expression to four decimal place:
(a) cosh(-2) (b) tanh(In 4) (c) sin h(ln3)
e'+e?
Solution :(a) cosh(-2) = cosh2= 2
=3.7622

e-e*
(b) We have, tanhx = Put x= In 4
e+e

e
-In 4
4_15=0.8823
:. tanh(In 4) = en+e-In4 1 17
4+
4
3-1
eln3 -en3 4
3
(c) sinh(ln3) = 2 3
2

cosh(-In2) (ii) sinh(-3 In2)

Problem - 3: Find the exact numerical value of (i)
Solution : () Since, cosh (-x) = coshx,
en2 +en2 2+ 2
therefore cosh (-In2) = cosh (In2) = 2 4

() Since, sinh(-) =-sinhx, therefore

sinh (-3 ln2) = -sinh (3 In2) e*-e*

-
-3 In 2
-----)- " sinh x =
2
1.6 Calculu
polynomials.
Problem4: Rewrite the expression inthe following as a ratio of
(a) sinh (Inx) (b) cosh (2 Inx)
e"-e
Solution : (a) We have, sinhu =
2

Putting = Inr, we have sinh (Inr) =e-e n*) - X x-1

2 2x
which is the ratio of polynomials
e+e Putting u=2 Inx, we have
(b) We have, cosh u = 2

einx + e,-2 In x x' 1+x

cosh(2Inx)= which is the ratio of polynomials.
2 2 2x
Problem -5: If sinhx, =2, find the remaining hyperbolic functions at Xo
Solution: We have, sinhx, =2
cosh x, =/1+ sinh² x = 1+4=V5, tanh x, =
sinh xo 2
coth x, =
cosh xo 2
5
sech x, =1- tanh x = J1 5 5 and cosechx, = coth x, -1=
Problem-6:Show that cosiy = coshy
e +ei
Solution : We have, cos x=
2
Putting x= iy, we get,
cosiy =ee)-e+e)=coshy
Problem -7:Showthat (sin hx t cos hy = sinh nx + cosh nx
Solution : Let P(n): (sinhx + coshx) = sinh nx + cosh nx be the given statement.
For n = 1, (sinhxt coshr)= sinh. 1x+ cosh. lx = sinhx + coshx
.:. P(1) is true.
Let, P(n) be true for n= k, ke N, k> 1.ie., (sinhx +t
coshr)*= sinhkr+ coshkr
Now, (sinhx + coshx* = (sinhr + coshr) (sinhr +
coshr)
= (sinhkxt coshk) (sinhx t
coshr)
-kr kx
e-e e +e
2 2 2

= sinh(k+ l)x + cosh (k +l)x

P(n) is true for n=k+1.
Hence, by Axiom of Induction, P (n) is true
for all n eN.
 Huperbolic Functions 1.7

cos hx
Problem -8: Evaluate: lim:
e*

cos hr e+e*
Solution : lim
e
lim
2e* -lim -+o 2

Problem -9: Find dy for the followng functions:

dx
(a) y= tanh ( + 2) (b) y= n (cos hx)
Solution: (a) we have
dy d
dx d
tanh ( + 2)= sech? (r+2). dr- +2) =3* sech (+2)

.1
(b) dx (In (cosh)) = sinhx = tanhx
cosh x

Problem 10 : Solve for x: tanh (,In x)F

1 -e
X-1
Solution: We have, tanh( In x) = x+1 nx x+1
e2 +e 2

x-1 X-1
X+1 which is true for all x>0
x+1

i. The solution set is {x eR: x>0}

EXERCISE 1.1

Find the derivative of the functions with respect to x in each of the exercises 1-12.
1.
sinh (2x-6x+ 4) 2. ecot hx 3. sinh²x
4 eSinh'x
log (coshx) 5. 6. tanx tanhx
7.
sinh (2x +5) 8. coshy? 9. J4x+ cosh (5x)
l0, 4x+1
coth 11. sech (In x) 12. tanh

13, (b) lim tanh x=1 and lim tanh x=-1

Dnow that (a) -1<tanhx <1for all x.
 1.8 Calculus

Prove the following in exercises 14 - 20.

14, sinix = isinhx 15. tanix = itanhx
tanh x + tanh y coth xcoth y +1
16. tanh (x + y)= 1+ tanhxtanh y 17. coth (x + y) cot y + cot x
18. cosh3x =4 coshx -3coshx
19. cos
shtcosh 1)
20. sinh3x = 4sinh'x + 3sinhr
21.
Find the exact numerical value of (a) tanh(2 n 5) (b) cosh(-3 n 2) (c) sech(2 In 5)
22. If coshx= 4 find sinh, and tanh,
23. Prove that cos²a cosh ß+ sin'a sinh?ß= coshß- sin'a
1.4 Inverse hyperbolic functions
We have seen in Fig 1(a), that the hyperbolic sine is a strictly increasing
its inverse exists and we have the function. This means that
following theorem :
Theorem 1.3 :

(i) sinh'x= n(x+ +1) (ii) coshx=

-iafs+-1)
(ii) tanh1 (iv) coth x= x+1
1-x, 2 x-1,

(v) sech x=In 1+y1 VI+*

(vi) cosechx=In
|x|
Note that the above relations holds good for
all x in the domain of these
hyperbolic functions.
Prcof:(i) y=sinh'x e'-e
x sinhy =
2
2x =el-e
ey- 2xe-1 =0
>(e'y-2xe -1=0
’e=x+1+x?, sincee>0
’y=In(x+1+x²)
Thus, sin h'x= n(x+1+),xe(-o, 0)
In Fig 2 (a),we have drawn the graph of sinh-'x.
 Huperbolic Functions 1.9

+ X
1 23
1 2 3
t-2

Y
Fig. 2(a) Fig. 2(b)
(i) y= cosh-'x
e+e
x=coshy =
2
e - 2xe + 1 =0
oe'=rtVr-1
y=inz+V-1)
Thus, cosh'x= n x+*-1),x> 1.Fig. 2(), shows the graph of cosh-'x.
(ü) y=tanh'x
e'-ey e?y-1
’I= tanhy e'+e e+1
’xe+x-ey + 1 =0 ’(x-1)ey +(x+ 1) =0
1+x
1-x

1 1+x
2 1-x,
. tanhl |,-1<x<1.

Proof of (iv) to (vi) are left as an exercise.

1.4.1: Properties of Inverse hyperbolic function
1.
sinh (sinhx) =x > xE (-0, 0)
2.
sinh (sinh'x)=x, xe(-o, co)
cosh' (coshx) =x , xe 0, oo)
cosh (cosh'x) =x , xe [1, o)
 1.10
Calculi

3. tanh- (tanh) x, xe (-, o)

tanh (tanh'x) =x, xE(-1, 1)
4. coth (cothx) =*, xE(-0, 0) u(0, )
coth (cothx) =x, x¬(-0, -1)v(1, o)
5. sech' (seche) =x, xe [0, o)
sech (sech'x) =x, xe(0, 1]
6. cosech (cosechr) =x, xe(o, 0) (0, o)
cosech (cosech'x) =x, xe(-0, 0) U
(0, o)
1.5: Derivative of Inverse hyperbolic functions
Now (sinh x)

1+
W1+x* V1+x?
Incase of hyperboliccosine function, we see from fig 1(b), that its inverse will exist if we restid
its domain to [0, o).
The domain of this inverse function will be [1, o) and its range will be
(0, o).
d 1
(ü) Further, (cosh' x)=In(x+*-1)F-1
d *>1

Note that the derivative of cosh'x does not exist at =1.

Arguing as for sinh'x and cosh'x, we get
(iii) y= tanh'x x=tan hy
d 1
y=za
2
and (tanh-! x) =1-l*kl

(iv) y= cot h'x X= cot hy

d 1
and
dx-(coth x)= 1-x|>1
(v) y= cosech'x x= cosec hy

d
y=In
Ixlz0 and (cosech-'x)
dx
=. -1

|x|1+x?
(vi) y= sech'x, x e (0, 1] =ln 1+ and -1
d (sech-'x) = =,0<x<l
 1. Proof:() (vi) Proof
3. 21.5.1: Theorem-1.4:
(v) (i) (i) .. where negativewhere
Hyperbolic
Functions
:(v)
om Let d d
We dx d dy
dom dom dDomain dx y>0 dy y=
cosh')=[1, dx dx d ds d d d -(sech"x)=+ know the Let
')=(-1,
(sinh')=(o, =-sechy.-(cosech'x) =
y
tanhsechr.. the dx dy
'1)-(sinh"1)i+ de (tanh t) (sinht)
=: and that,sechy.tan
sign hy xVx +1
according sign dy dx y
and tan =-cosechy.
coth yCOsech =
sech'x>0 of 1 cosechy.coth
of y
range hy the x=sechy the
dt d isradical andifx>0 as
1) o) o ) 1 1 =t |x|+1 x
radical
1-d t/k1 positive.
-1 is ..
and and and of 1 dt 1 positive
rng rng Inverse dt sechy1-
sech'
is y
rng dt the is =t cosechy =
(cosh' x)
(tanh (sinh -,0<t<l(vidx
) dxdy same
same -1 for 0x orcosechy
'x) hyperbolic
function
'x) 1 negative. as
= as -xVx +1 that
=(-0, =(-0,
[0, 1 that
(iv) 1 ycosech' -1
o) (ii) =t of y
dt of cothy.
0) o)
d dx d tan ifx<0
=,
-1
(cosech -(cosh"' t)= hy. Now +
1=t
y
") and
-1
=t+t 1 1 therefore
dt
1 dt
t>l -,
cothy
dt
de is
positive
1.11
or
 =-e'.cosec
e*
co)
o) (0,
(0, U (1
+x
cosech'r)0
U 0) e* eSin
0) (-0, |x e*)=
sine.sin
(-0, sec sech2
= e) =|
= (cosech'r) x)
(coth'x) (cos
-(sec I+* 2cosh2
sinh+
o)
[0,
tanh-'
|secx
(iii) Cosh²* 2
x-1] 2
rng rng
= =
and (sech'x)
and (r) =:x)(tan e) =:(cose) tanh 2 sechr
v(1,o) o) g x)(tan (cos cosh'u 1+x (sinh'
(b) by
rng(0, of
COshu
=
d tanh1 given tan
(ii) (sinh'x) 2
U derivatives
x) sinh d x d 1-cos
edx (sinh-1(sinhu)) tanh sinh2*
+
-1) and0) (tan= tan'(x)= is V1+
sinh'u dydtantanh
2
2
(o,
(-0,1]
(0,
f()
sinh- : f ) h t ify
(i)
cosh'
cosh'
(sinh-')
dx du + d d
= the have, g 1 and 1
= (cosech'x)
= (sech') have, dy dx tanh?.
1+2
xcosh²
22
(coth) =
Findf() Lety= u-1 Ju-1
Find sinhu
We We cosh 1 dx
11:(a) (a) dx 1
duHence,
(b) :
12 (i) = y= ds
dom domdomProblem-
Solution: Problem x
Solution: dy du dy d
Put
.:. (iü)
1.12
4. 5 6.
1.13
3rt4)
h+(3x+4secX
=
<2
;tanh
place
Problem have <x 3
cosech'x
+ 0 x
tan
We4: x), = tan
x
(sec x
sec
3 X= 1+ 2
y=cosh- (3x (secr)=
to Puting
n. n7=0.9729 n
|x|1+x?four
decimal
In functions:
lim
-Inx= X’0
dx
d 4)²
(secx)]
-1 lim(coshx-Inx) (d) (3*+ d
fom) nx following
expression 2
o Inlim
= V1+
4 - -
1+ 4 (co =
xcosech
+
=10(1 x-Inx) the 4)
4)
x= 1
+
Approximate
tanh-! 1+: for + (3x
Functions
Huperbolic 2
Evaluate:
x 1+: dy dx
(3x
sinh-' Lcosh
im(cosh limInl -Inx
In| Find sinh-
Problem-
15:
have,
tanh-! lim lim y= dx
d
X’0 d
:-13 We 14: = =
X’00
= (a) Solution: (b)
dy (im)
dx
Solution: -Problem:Solution
3 coshx
+c nhx
=sidx =sinhx+e
(ii) coshx
dr
functions: hyperbolic (1)
the formul
for aintegration provi 1.5:
1 the des theorem followingTheorem
functions hyperbolic Integration The
=e tan seco+ that show seco,
coshx= of 1.6
(cosecx) If 18. coshx
5=
cosh- (cosx)= tanh' hx- sin t5anhxif Find
16. be<1
1-x 17.
cosh'+ sinh'x= 14. 1+x Intanh'
2 x=
15.
1
tanh-x =V1-x
sinh-! 13.
y 1+tanh-!
x+y) tanh-'y= tanh'x+ 12.
sinh-1 =coth-! 11.
exercises
16 2
11
- following
in
x')(. coth the Prove
tanh'( 10.
lanh y 9. xx-a'-a'cosh y=
-J 8.
xtanh h-'x)1. (cos Iny= 7.
y= b. h'(2x) sinhx+
cos y= 5.
coth'(2) (cothx)+ tanh y= cothr'(ess-4) y=
4.
*)" (cos' y-[sech 2. 3.
cosech-(sV*) y=
1.
1-10. exercises the each
of in dr
dyFind
EXERCISE-
21.
xy1 d dt d
dt dy dy
dx
ty1-t
dt
d dtand
=
dy
sech-'
sech'=
t y= .
t Solution:
Let
D=-(sech|x dthat Show Problem-
16:
d
alculi 1.14
 2 Or
x+. -In
--coshc (N-ada (vi)
2 2
x+x²+a? +rn 2
;xVa' or
a
tc -sinh 2
a' +
|x| -cosech+C
in -
or
+C,x*0 +x?a+ya? 1
|x| +c
-Latva a
<<a c,0 + - or
+|x|>a a
or+Ca-x| 2
n+c.|xka L,a+x.
tan
1
+c,x>a +Vx-a' ) n(x +cor cosh-| =dx-
+a)+c +x In(xsinh*+c
or =dx =
thenIfa>0,
Theorem-1.6:
(coshx)
c+ In =
c lcosh
+ In =
coshx
dx
sinhx x,d=u cosh taking
=u ,
rsinhx
tanhx
dr (viJi)
exercise. an asleft are others and (vi1) only prove Proof:
We
x+c sinh cothxdr
In = (vii) In(coshr)
c+ =drtanhx (vii)
+c x-cose
ch x.cothx
=dñ ech dr=-sechx+c
cos (vi) sechx.tanhx (w
=-cothxc+cosechxdr (iv) xdr: |sech (ii)
c +tanhx xdy=
Functions Hyperbolic
.15
 1.16 Calc:
Proof : () Put x=a sinh

sinh-1*
.. dr= a cosh d, 0 = a

1 1
(a cosh0) 9
sinh 0+a
fa cosh0
a cosh e
-d®, [:1 + sinh = cosh²0]

= de = 0+c=sinh

Now, =sinh =
2

2r2e"(e -e)
2x

e20_2r
e-1=0
2x
+
4x2
+4
V a?
2
Since, e >0
x+r+a

’0=ln

Sinh t
= ]n +k

d In x+x?+ a c=k-ln la
Proof of (i) to (vii)are left as an exercise.
Problem- 17: Evaluate the following integrals :
In3

(i) Jcosech (3*)d: (ii) tanh xsech 'xd

In 2

In3
(üi) coth² x cosech'xde (iv) e*d
e*+ex
 1.17
ccoth(3x)
+
(approx)
-In2

3750.0987,
c=3 +e
+
ucoth 3
,-x
37
1
coshx 13
+e
e
+ern3
8/27-64
1000
3
(cosh"x
-dx
xsinh
du Scosech'3xdr
=cosech'udu: xsinh
=
dx
.:3

=
u
taking
2
3
e+e
3
- -- sinht
= =
u
taking
-dx
2
3coshx 1
2+ cosech'
cothx
(ii) xdk
x
du xdx
x.sech'
tanh 37n3 125
1000
3|
xde 8 xsinh du,
sinh
cHyperboli
Functions
3x=u sech cosh -dx = 3e+e 3
x V1+u2
-du
u'
x Joosh
3cosh³ 1 1 3+ 27 fcosh
c x sinh
x. xsinh
Put
tanh cosh
1 3u 1 8(
8 3
8
()
Solution: () In3 n2
 te--(coth*)+c
tanh-!,
dt (9)
frcos
h(1-)a
of
terms
+c
tanhu
()
3
e'+e h a] +c
2 in sec -x=u tanh
x2
3/2
entirely c=
r a
Put
:
=xtintegrals
sinh? |-inl
-ia-0.5108 (b) e
1
.sech
xdx sinhx
d x+ u.-
du =
=utccosh'
+c
2
dx following
u=t
put, 2 sech'x
1
u
3
x)l
¬ln3
dx
[sech tanh
In(cosh 3 integral du dx
the hx
4
=
du .. x *(
-= )1 2
3qln
sin sec
h²
(Inx) coshx
sinh
(}d
= the .:. of x x
each h²
xd
e-e* [tanh e+e
2 13+3
Expresstanhx
Find
cos u
au
= cosh du sech?
fe
12 2 Let
=
=
In3
=
In In : s
18 Put 19:. (a) (c) (a)
Now, - [x
(iv)
0
=
- Solution: - Solution:
(b)
Problem Problem
1.18
 :
variables (iv) h0)
x)y=(r'+l)sech(in
dr sec
h'x tanhx In
cosec
dx
x appropriate sech0(1-
dx cosh
dr(sech
x dx
dx
sin
hx
h'x² +2 EXERCISES
ADDITIONAL
xy=tan
x)+c coth'x 1+
cos
hr
=
sec x y
(Inx) du] EXERCISE
1.3 [x sinh the (ii) (vi)
+tc
h 1-
-h(1 exercises1-12: w.r.t.
tan = b
12.
u= dx
1-x=ux
-;sin 2. 4. 6. 8. 10. 3
2x
yfunctions
lnx= -sinh
1
+c
[Putting =
sinh-!
* 4x
4
following
+c 4
[Put the -sinh
u
sinh of dr= 1 32
c each dx the
Functions
Hyperbolic
+
u
tanh (1-*)dt
rcosh
) udu-foosh
2
in
x)
(cos dr =
=
dx
x
of
x)
derivative
dx =
udu
=
xcosh
sinhx
integrals cosh²x sinh log(cosh
(Inx)
sech du dx drcosec
hx cosh dx 5sinh
(v)
y=
(sech'
u
x xh' x Show
that that
(ii)
y=esinh
x
sin (cos sinh the y=
the Show
- Byaluate x Find
()
0
(c) (d) 9.
11, 13. 14.
1. 3. 5. 7. 1,
Calau
(x+1)sech'x
(5x)
(2v)
(tanhx) 2/x+1
cosh²tanh Inx+Vl-r (5-x)à xdx
3x) d0
sech'
y=e
() (vi)
(sinhx
coshx d
sinh' (cos J4x+y=(*+2x)
cosht
y=
(x) sinh sinh cosh- ech' 4x*-9
sinh
y= y=
= = =
y y=
fcos -(viin) 4e
(viii) y y (vii)(x) (xi) (xiv)
(iv)
(vi) (i) (xii)
2In
(xiv)
-tuanh' integrals
1 2
) (vii) (xi)
y=(1-)
coth'x
y=xtanh(Vx)
(X11)
y=Cosx-xsechx
dr
2) a
following d
(vi) J
(x)
x>: o d ,
5 33
Jcosh(2x-3)
dk
coshu cosech
y=(ix) sech(e)
(ix)
y= In tanh
tanh'x (3x-
In y=sinh
(v)
ech
cos (Sechyx
rsechN& -25 &cosh
x
dx
y= 1 the (4cosh
y=:
(111) (xv) Evaluate
y= 1
(vii) Find
1
1.20 () (ii) (xii)
(xi)
2.
3.
1.21 x)
x-sinh
In(cosh
sinhx)+ )
de x) 4) (vi)
(In sech|
dx 2.x
0cosh d In(2 sinh
? x + tanh
X sin sinh h
COS
tan + x In(cosh
2e° Vl+
(xx)4e cosh
(iü)
sech
(iv) tanh
(vi) (c)
2.x
(ii)
cosh expressions.
In4
(xvi)
-In4
(xvii)
0
In2
polynomials.exponentials
(ii1) (vi)
logarithm.
following.in(1-)+c following
+c
-sech'x--1-x
of of x)"
ratio cosh
natural coth'x++c terms
x)(e) x)In sinh"(-2)
(v)
the a
(b) sech(ln
(nx)
sinh x+ the 3)
(n
2
as in sinh(2(sinhof
of
in +c 2
c expression expressions sinh
x) dt=x.tanh-'x+
terms values
x)+
formula 2
de (ii) (v) (ü)
0sec' sin(tanh x²-1 In(cosh
in numerical
Functions
Hyperbolic
0)
following integration dr=
xsech'x
2
(ii)2 [xcoth'x
d=
(iv) following following
Kewrite
the 5x
(vi)
cosech-
|cosh(tan dtxsinh' de=
(a)
cosh(-In
x) -sinh
= 5)
1
the d h'x h'x x)
the (In
)cosh
(Inx) exact
In (iv)
cosh'3
coth cos the hr
(üi) ech 5x
tanh(2
(xvii) sinh
)
Evaluate
Verify(sec
tan [tan Kewrite
cosh coshthe
(xv) (xix) (v) () (a) (1V)Find)
4
() (ü)
6. 7. 8.
4. 5.