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Fossil

Fossil fuels, including coal, petroleum, and natural gas, are natural resources formed from ancient organic materials over millions of years. They provide high energy output and are essential for various industries, but they are non-renewable and contribute to environmental damage and greenhouse gas emissions. Alternatives such as renewable energy sources and electric vehicles are emerging to reduce reliance on fossil fuels.

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3 views2 pages

Fossil

Fossil fuels, including coal, petroleum, and natural gas, are natural resources formed from ancient organic materials over millions of years. They provide high energy output and are essential for various industries, but they are non-renewable and contribute to environmental damage and greenhouse gas emissions. Alternatives such as renewable energy sources and electric vehicles are emerging to reduce reliance on fossil fuels.

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kritikagodbole1
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. What Are Fossil Fuels?

Fossil fuels are natural resources formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals
buried under the Earth’s surface for millions of years. These fuels include coal, petroleum
(crude oil), and natural gas and are primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen.

2. Types of Fossil Fuels

A. Coal

• Formed from ancient plant material under high pressure and temperature.
• Types of coal: Peat, Lignite, Bituminous, and Anthracite (Anthracite is the highest
quality).
• Used for electricity generation, steel production, and industrial heating.

B. Petroleum (Crude Oil)

• A liquid fossil fuel extracted from underground reservoirs.


• Refined into gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, kerosene, and other products.
• Used in transportation, manufacturing, and energy production.

C. Natural Gas

• Composed mainly of methane (CH₄).


• Found with petroleum deposits and extracted for use in power generation, heating,
and cooking.
• Considered the cleanest fossil fuel among the three.

3. Formation Process

1. Organic material (plants and marine organisms) gets buried under layers of sediment.
2. Over millions of years, heat and pressure transform the material into coal, oil, or
natural gas.
3. The fossil fuels remain trapped underground until extracted by humans.

4. Advantages of Fossil Fuels

✔ High Energy Output – Provide large amounts of energy efficiently.


✔ Reliable & Accessible – Easily available in many countries.
✔ Supports Industries – Essential for manufacturing, chemicals, plastics, and transport.

5. Disadvantages of Fossil Fuels

❌ Non-renewable – Limited supply, takes millions of years to form.


❌ Environmental Damage – Causes air pollution, oil spills, and habitat destruction.
❌ Greenhouse Gas Emissions – Major contributor to global warming and climate change.

6. Alternatives & Future Trends


• Renewable Energy Sources: Solar, wind, hydro, and nuclear power are emerging as
alternatives.
• Carbon Capture Technologies: Reduce emissions from fossil fuel use.
• Electric Vehicles (EVs): Reduce dependence on petroleum-based fuels.

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