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Complete Cell Structure and Function

The document outlines the structures and functions of plant and animal cells, highlighting key components such as the cell wall, chloroplasts, and large central vacuole in plant cells, and lysosomes and centrioles in animal cells. It details the roles of various organelles in cellular processes like energy production, protein synthesis, and detoxification. Additionally, it notes the primary differences between plant and animal cells.

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Fernan Lee R. Maningo
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11 views2 pages

Complete Cell Structure and Function

The document outlines the structures and functions of plant and animal cells, highlighting key components such as the cell wall, chloroplasts, and large central vacuole in plant cells, and lysosomes and centrioles in animal cells. It details the roles of various organelles in cellular processes like energy production, protein synthesis, and detoxification. Additionally, it notes the primary differences between plant and animal cells.

Uploaded by

Fernan Lee R. Maningo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Structure and Function of Plant and Animal Cells

PLANT CELL STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS:

- Cell Wall: Provides shape, support, and protection (made of cellulose).

- Cell Membrane: Controls entry and exit of substances.

- Cytoplasm: Jelly-like fluid for chemical reactions.

- Nucleus: Controls cell activities; contains DNA.

- Nucleolus: Produces ribosomes.

- Mitochondria: Generates energy (ATP) via respiration.

- Chloroplasts: Site of photosynthesis; contains chlorophyll.

- Vacuole (Large Central Vacuole): Stores water, nutrients, waste; maintains turgor pressure.

- Ribosomes: Synthesizes proteins.

- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):

- Rough ER: Protein production (with ribosomes).

- Smooth ER: Lipid production, detoxification.

- Golgi Apparatus: Packages and distributes materials.

- Plasmodesmata: Channels between plant cells for transport/communication.

- Peroxisomes: Breaks down fatty acids, detoxifies substances.

- Cytoskeleton: Internal structure, movement support.

ANIMAL CELL STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS:

- Cell Membrane: Controls movement of substances; protection.

- Cytoplasm: Fluid for biochemical processes.

- Nucleus: Contains genetic material (DNA), controls activities.

- Nucleolus: Produces ribosomes.


- Mitochondria: Produces energy (ATP).

- Ribosomes: Protein synthesis.

- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):

- Rough ER: Produces proteins.

- Smooth ER: Produces lipids, detoxifies.

- Golgi Apparatus: Processes and packages proteins.

- Lysosomes: Breaks down waste, old cell parts.

- Cytoskeleton: Structure and internal transport.

- Centrioles: Helps with cell division.

- Small Vacuoles: Storage of substances.

- Peroxisomes: Detoxifies and breaks down fatty acids.

- Cilia/Flagella (some cells): Movement.

KEY DIFFERENCES:

- Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, large central vacuole.

- Animal cells lack cell walls, chloroplasts; have lysosomes, centrioles, small vacuoles.

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