Muscular
System
01
Objectives
By the end of this presentation, you should be able to:
• Understand the general functions of the muscular system.
• Identify the major types and parts of muscles in the human body.
• Define key organs and structures related to the muscular system.
• Explain the roles and functions of each part of the muscular
system.
Muscular system
The muscular system is one of the major systems of
the human body, responsible for producing
movement, maintaining posture, and supporting
bodily functions such as blood circulation and
digestion. Composed primarily of muscle tissue, this
system works closely with the skeletal system to
enable voluntary and involuntary motion. Muscles are
made of long, fibrous cells that can contract and relax
in response to signals from the brain.
Functions of the Muscular System
•The muscular system enables
movement and supports bodily
functions.
• Muscles help maintain posture,
• Stabilize joints
• Regulate body temperature.
• Aid metabolism
Parts of Muscular system
The muscular system is made up of
over 600 muscles.
Skeletal Muscles – Voluntary muscles
attached to bones, enabling body
movement.
Smooth Muscles – Involuntary
muscles found in the walls of
internal organs.
Cardiac Muscle – A specialized type
of involuntary muscle that forms the
heart.
Skeletal muscle Striated muscles under conscious
control. These muscles are responsible
for locomotion, facial expressions,
breathing, and other voluntary
movements.
Skeletal Muscle Functions:
•Enables body movement and
locomotion.
•Maintains posture and body position.
•Supports joints and stabilizes the
skeleton.
•Generates heat during activity. 03
03
Structure of Skeletal muscle
• Bone- A rigid organ that forms the skeleton. Provides
structure and support; muscles are anchored to bones and
pull on them to produce movement.
• Tendon- A tough, fibrous connective tissue that connects
muscle to bone. Transmits the force generated by the
muscle to the bone, allowing for movement.
•Epimysium- The outermost layer of connective tissue
surrounding the entire muscle.
• Perimysium- The connective tissue that surrounds groups
of muscle fibers, forming a bundle called a fascicle. 03
Structure of skeletal muscle
• Fascicle- A bundle of muscle fibers grouped together.
Function: Acts as a structural unit within the muscle;
fascicle arrangement affects the strength and range of
muscle movement.
• Endomysium- A thin layer of connective tissue
surrounding each individual muscle fiber within a fascicle.
•Muscle Fiber (Muscle Cell)- The basic unit of a muscle; a
long, cylindrical cell that contracts in response to
stimulation. 03
Major skeletal muscle
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Major skeletal muscle
Trapezius- Upper back, neck to mid-back
Deltoid- Shoulder
Levator scapulae- Side of neck to shoulder blade
Rhomboids- Between spine and shoulder blade
Rotator cuff- Around shoulder joint
Triceps brachii- Back of upper arm
Brachioradialis- Lateral forearm
Latissimus dorsi- Large lower sides of back
03
Major skeletal muscle
Gluteus maximus- Buttocks
Biceps femoris- Back of thigh (hamstring group)
Semitendinosus -Medial to biceps femoris
Gastrocnemius-Superficial calf muscle
Soleus- Deep to gastrocnemius in calf
Tibialis posterior- Deep muscle of the calf
Peroneus longus- Side of the lower leg
Peroneus brevis -Below peroneus longus
03
Major skeletal muscle
Deltoid- Shoulder
Pectoralis major -Chest
Rotator cuff- Around the shoulder joint
Biceps brachii- Front of upper arm
Brachialis- Under biceps brachii
Pronator teres-Forearm
Brachioradialis -Lateral forearm
Rectus abdominis -"Six-pack" area
03
Major skeletal muscle
Abdominal external oblique -Side of the
abdomen
Iliopsoas-Deep in pelvis and lower spine
Quadriceps femoris- Front of thigh
Adductor muscles- Inner thigh
Tibialis anterior -Front of shin
Peroneus longus-Outer side of lower leg
Peroneus brevis - Beneath peroneus longus
03
Smooth muscle Found in the walls of internal organs
such as the stomach, intestines, blood
vessels, and bladder. These muscles
work automatically to control essential
functions like digestion and blood
pressure
Functions
Controls movement of substances
within internal organs (e.g., food
through the intestines).
Regulates the diameter of blood
vessels and airways.
03
Structure of smooth muscle
Muscle fibers: These are long, spindle-shaped cells with a
single, centrally located nucleus. Unlike skeletal muscle,
smooth muscle fibers are not striated.
Nucleus: Each cell has a single centrally located nucleus
(dark ovals in the cells).
Autonomic neurons: Smooth muscle is involuntarily
controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS). These
yellow lines represent autonomic nerves that innervate the
muscle fibers. 03
Cardiac muscle Found only in the walls of the heart.
This muscle is striated like skeletal
muscle but functions involuntarily
like smooth muscle. It contracts
rhythmically to pump blood
throughout the body.
Cardiac Muscle Functions:
•Pumps blood through the heart and into
the circulatory system.
•Contracts involuntarily and continuously
throughout life.
•Maintains a steady, rhythmic heartbeat. 03
Structure of cardiac muscle
Intercalated Disks- Special connections between heart cells,
help the heart cells work together by passing signals quickly.
Cross-Striations-Light and dark lines across the cells, show the
organized structure inside the muscle. Help the muscle contract
(squeeze) properly.
Myocytes- These are the heart muscle cells. They are branched
and connected to each other, Do the actual work of pumping
blood.
Nuclei- The control center of each cell.
Usually one nucleus per cell, located in the middle. 03
Summary
The muscular system is a complex network of tissues
and organs that allows the human body to move, stand
upright, and function internally. It consists of three main
types of muscle: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac, each
playing a specific and crucial role. Skeletal muscles help
with voluntary movement, smooth muscles manage
involuntary processes, and cardiac muscle keeps the
heart beating. Proper care, nutrition, and exercise are
important to maintain muscle health and overall bodily
function. 03
Thank You
Group 3 members:
Eve Rebecca Pabillo
Elyza Mae Obsequio
Daniel Troy Perocho
Althea Pillado
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