IKS ANSWERS

1. India has been a land of great cultures since ancient times including…....

• Hinduism

• Jainism

• Buddhism

• All of these
Answer: All of these

2. Bharatiya Knowledge System has been evident from the era of Harappan Civilization which was started
from…............................

• 2600-1900 BCE

• 3600-900 BCE

• 6600-2900 BCE

• 5600-3900 BCE
Answer: 2600-1900 BCE

3. Mohenjodaro in Sind province is now located in…............

• Bhutan

• Sri Lanka

• India

• Pakistan
Answer: Pakistan

4. What is Pyrotechnology?

• Crafts created using fire

• Crafts created without use of fire

• Crafts created using water and soil

• None of these
Answer: Crafts created using fire

5. What is the time period of colonial period in India?

• From 1500 CE - 1747 CE

• From 1700 CE - 1947 CE

• From 1600 CE - 1847 CE

• None of these
Answer: From 1700 CE - 1947 CE
6. India has been a land of great cultures since ancient times including…....

• Hinduism

• Jainism

• Buddhism

• All of these
Answer: All of these

7. ……………………….. is the ultimate goal of human life, representing liberation from the cycle of birth and death.

• Karma

• Maya

• Atman

• Moksha
Answer: Moksha

8. Shakuntala is dramatic literature written by…......................

• Surdasa

• Kalidasa

• Tulsidasa

• Narottamdasa
Answer: Kalidasa

9. Ajanta and Ellora caves contain some of the finest examples of classical Indian painting, depicting scenes from
the life of……………………………..

• Hinduism

• Buddhism

• Both Hinduism and Buddhism

• Sikhism
Answer: Both Hinduism and Buddhism

10. What is the time period of vedic period in India?

• From 1000 BCE - 500 BCE

• From 1500 BCE - 500 BCE

• From 2000 BCE - 1500 BCE

• All of these
Answer: From 1500 BCE - 500 BCE

11. The illusionary nature of the world is also known as…........

• Karma

• Maya

• Atman

• Moksha
Answer: Maya
12. The entire body of knowledge is divided into ….... sets in Mundakupanishad.

• 0

• 1

• 2

• 3
Answer: 2

13. Aṣṭādhyāyī is a grammar book written by…........

• Aryabhatta

• Brahmgupta

• Panini

• None of these
Answer: Panini

14. Sage Gautam is famous for his contribution about the scripture related to…................ ...

• Vaisheshika

• Samkhya

• Nyaya

• None of these
Answer: Vaisheshika

15. Who is known as the father of Vedanta?

• Gautam

• Kanad

• Jamini

• Veda Vyas
Answer: Veda Vyas

16. Philosophical study of being, existence, and reality is known as….....................

• Phenology

• Oncology

• Ontology

• None of these
Answer: Ontology

17. In traditional knowledge of India, water and fire are known as…………………….and …………………., respectively.

• Ap and Tejas

• Vayu and Tejas

• Tejas and Akasha

• All of these
Answer: Ap and Tejas
18. Mimamsa means….......

• Science education

• Art education

• Critical investigation

• Economics education
Answer: Critical investigation

19. Sage Patanjali has given the concept of….........................

• Nyaya

• Yoga

• Vaisheshika

• None of these
Answer: Yoga

20. Apara Vidhya means…......

• Sanskrit

• The higher knowledge

• The lower knowledge

• All of these
Answer: The lower knowledge

21. Which one is famous for foundational principles governing health, disease, diagnosis, and treatment?

• Vaisheshika

• Āyurveda

• Apara vidhya

• Para vidhya
Answer: Āyurveda

22. What was the time period of Gupta script?

• From 4th to 6th century CE

• From 6th to 8th century CE

• From 8th to 10th century CE

• From 10th to 12th century CE

Answer: From 4th to 6th century CE
23. Isa is a type of …........

• Upanishads

• Puranas

• Grammar

• None of these
Answer: Upanishads

24. How many Parvas are in Mahabharata?

• 18

• 28

• 38

• 48
Answer: 18

25. Which ancient and sacred scriptures are known as the foundation of Hinduism?

• Vedas

• Bhagvad Gita

• Ramayana

• Mahabharata
Answer: Vedas

26. In Hinduism, Yajna (Sacrifice) means

• Emphasis on purity and precision in the execution of rituals

• Performing rituals and sacrifices to appease the gods and maintain cosmic order

• Contains prose mantras used in rituals

• Detailed explanations of the rituals and their significance

Answer: Performing rituals and sacrifices to appease the gods and maintain cosmic order

27. What are Agamas and Tantras?

• Collection of ethical guidelines

• Role of different deities

• Base of various religious and spiritual practices

• None of these
Answer: Base of various religious and spiritual practices

28. Music is originated from….........

• Rk veda

• Yajur Veda

• Sama veda

• Atharva Veda
Answer: Sama veda
29. The Vedas are the oldest and most authoritative scriptures of Hinduism. They consist of ….... main collections.

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 5
Answer: 4

30. Devanagari Script was developed in…......century.

• 9th century CE

• 8th century CE

• 7th century CE

• 6th century CE
Answer: 9th century CE

31. A concise and aphoristic style of writing used in ancient Indian literature, particularly within philosophy,
spirituality, law, and grammar, is called:

• Karma

• Darshana

• Tantras

• Sutras
Answer: Sutras

32. In which ancient scripture, social customs, ethics of human behaviour have been mentioned?

• Smritis

• Sutras

• Puranas

• Gita
Answer: Smritis

33. Tripitaka scripture is related to…..........

• Hinduism

• Jainism

• Buddhism

• Sikhism
Answer: Buddhism

34. Which one comprises translations of the Buddha's teachings into Tibetan?

• Kangyur

• Smritis

• Sutras

• None of these
Answer: Kangyur
35. Which one is the oldest Veda?

• Rk veda

• Yajur Veda

• Sama veda

• Atharva Veda
Answer: Rk veda

36. Which one is the sacred scriptures of the Jainism?

• Upanishads

• Agamas

• Puranas

• Mahayana
Answer: Agamas

37. During ancient Indian education system, education was provided in residential schools known as…

• Akhadas

• Sarayas

• Gurukulas

• Mathas
Answer: Gurukulas

38. Breathing exercises are also known as…...............

• Pranayama

• Asanas

• Chintan

• Manan
Answer: Pranayama

39. Which place was famous for pursuing meditation, contemplation, and philosophical inquiry under the guidance
of a spiritual teacher (guru)?

• Mathas

• Gurukulas

• Viharas

• Ashramas
Answer: Gurukulas

40. Mahayana Sutras are the ….............. scriptures.

• Hindu

• Jain

• Sikh

• Buddhist
Answer: Buddhist
41. Which one is known as 5th Veda in Hinduism?

• Vedas

• Mahabharata

• Ramayana

• Bhagvad Gita
Answer: Mahabharata

42. Charaka and Kautilya were the alumni of ……………………

• Takshashila

• Nalanda

• Vikramshila

• Vallabhi
Answer: Takshashila

43. The golden period of Nalanda University was in between……………………………

• 5th century CE and 12th century CE

• 7th century CE and 11th century CE

• 8th century CE and 15th century CE

• 9th century CE and 10th century CE

Answer: 5th century CE and 12th century CE

44. Vallabhi was a great center of ... learning which is located in the state of….................

• Bihar

• Gujarat

• Madhya Pradesh

• Punjab
Answer: Gujarat

45. Ether is among….................

• Five elements

• Siksha

• Darshana

• None of these
Answer: Five elements

46. Total how many Nakshatras are mentioned in the ancient literatures?

• 8

• 18

• 23

• 28
Answer: 28
47. Vedanga-Jyotisha was composed in….......

• 1000 BCE

• 1100 BCE

• 1200 BCE

• 1300 BCE
Answer: 1200 BCE

48. Yajnopavita is related to…......................

• Upnayana

• Grihstha

• Vanprastha

• None of these
Answer: Upnayana

49. Arthashastra was written by…..........

• Aryabhatta

• Kautilya

• Panini

• Brahmgupta
Answer: Kautilya

50. In which state, ancient Vikramshila University was located?

• Uttar Pradesh

• Gujarat

• Madhya Pradesh

• Bihar
Answer: Bihar

51. What was the period of Aryabhata?

• 376–440 CE

• 476–550 CE

• 526–560 CE

• 396–510 CE
Answer: 476–550 CE

52. Siddhanta Shiromani is written by…........

• Brahmagupta

• Aryabhata

• Bhaskara

• Kautilya
Answer: Bhaskara
53. Who gave Heliocentric model of the solar system?

• Aryabhata

• Brahmagupta

• Bhaskara

• Kautilya
Answer: Aryabhata

54. The Indian calendar often integrates….....

• Only stars

• Only Lunar element

• Only Solar element

• Both lunar and solar elements

Answer: Both lunar and solar elements

55. How many ritus are there as The Indian calendar?

• 4

• 6

• 8

• 10
Answer: 6

56. Which ancient Indian text describes mining and metallurgical techniques?

• Rigveda

• Arthashastra

• Charaka Samhita

• Natya Shastra
Answer: Arthashastra

57. What was the primary fuel used for smelting metals in ancient India?

• Coal

• Charcoal

• Cow dung

• Wood
Answer: Charcoal

58. Which metal was extensively used in ancient India for making idols using the lost-wax technique?

• Bronze

• Iron

• Zinc

• Copper
Answer: Bronze
59. What was the primary purpose of 'Kupya' in ancient Indian metallurgy?

• A type of furnace

• A crucible for melting metals

• A bellow for air supply

• A hammer for forging

Answer: A crucible for melting metals

60. Which of the following was NOT an alloy developed in ancient India?

• Brass

• Bronze

• Stainless steel

• Pewter
Answer: Stainless steel

Okay, I will continue providing the questions, answer options, and correct answers in the requested format, starting
from question 61 and continuing to the end of the document.

61. The famous Iron Pillar of Delhi is made up of which material?

• Wrought Iron

• Cast Iron

• High-carbon steel

• Pure Iron
Answer: Wrought Iron

62. Which ancient Indian metallurgist is known for advancements in iron smelting?

• Nagarjuna

• Sushruta

• Varahamihira

• Patanjali
Answer: Nagarjuna

63. Which of the following is a unique contribution of Indian Mathematics?

• Calculus

• Complex Numbers

• Pythagorean Theorem

• Decimal System with Zero

Answer: Decimal System with Zero
64. Which Indian mathematician introduced the concept of negative numbers?

• Bhaskara II

• Brahmagupta

• Aryabhata

• Varahamihira
Answer: Brahmagupta

65. The 'Pingala's Chandaḥ Śāstra' is associated with which mathematical concept?

• Magic Squares

• Binary Numbers

• Trigonometry

• Algebra
Answer: Binary Numbers

66. What is the unique feature of Indian trigonometry compared to Greek trigonometry?

• Use of Sine (Jya) function

• Use of Angles

• Use of Tangents

• Use of Radians
Answer: Use of Sine (Jya) function

67. Which ancient Indian text contains the earliest known discussion of permutations and combinations?

• Lilavati

• Yuktibhāṣā

• Chandah Śāstra

• Siddhanta Shiromani
Answer: Chandah Śāstra

68. Which ancient Indian text is considered the most authoritative work on military strategy and statecraft?

• Manusmriti

• Mahabharata

• Rigveda

• Arthashastra
Answer: Arthashastra

69. Who is regarded as the ancient Indian scholar who systematized military science and warfare strategies?

• Chanakya

• Aryabhata

• Patanjali

• Panini
Answer: Chanakya
70. What was the primary focus of military training in ancient India as described in the Arthashastra?

• Physical strength only

• Archery and Swordsmanship

• Espionage and psychological warfare

• Combined training in weapons, strategy, and discipline

Answer: Combined training in weapons, strategy, and discipline

71. Which ancient Indian kingdom was particularly known for its advanced military formations like the
'Chakravyuha'?

• Maurya Empire

• Gupta Empire

• Magadha

• Mahajanapadas
Answer: Mahajanapadas

72. What was the primary purpose of Niyuddha Kala in ancient India?

• Entertainment

• Military combat and self-defense

• Religious rituals

• Agricultural training
Answer: Military combat and self-defense

73. Which ancient Indian text describes Niyuddha techniques and combat strategies?

• Arthashastra

• Natya Shastra

• Manusmriti

• Agni Purana
Answer: Arthashastra

74. Which warrior-sage is traditionally associated with the origin of Niyuddha in Indian culture?

• Dronacharya

• Parshuram

• Bhishma

• Karna
Answer: Parshuram

75. Which of the following was a key principle of Niyuddha Kala?

• Use of only long-range weapons

• Strict non-violence

• Discipline, ethics, and physical prowess

• Focus on magical powers

Answer: Discipline, ethics, and physical prowess
76. Which Vedic concept represents the deification and sacredness of nature?

• Yajna

• Pradushana

• Devata

• Prakriti
Answer: Prakriti

77. In Vedic tradition, what does the term 'Prithvi' signify?

• Goddess of Water

• Mother Earth

• God of Fire

• Divine Air
Answer: Mother Earth

78. Which Vedic practice reflects environmental conservation through ritual offerings?

• Tapasya

• Yajna

• Dhyana

• Puja
Answer: Yajna

79. Which Vedic text emphasizes the interconnectedness of all natural elements?

• Rigveda

• Atharvaveda

• Samaveda

• Yajurveda
Answer: Rigveda

80. The "Paradigm Shift" through IKS emphasizes:

• Blending ancient wisdom with modern scientific methods

• Rejecting technological advancements

• Exclusively using Sanskrit terminology

• Reviving outdated practices without modification

Answer: Blending ancient wisdom with modern scientific methods

81. According to Bhartṛhari, what is the indivisible unit of linguistic communication?

• Word

• Phoneme

• Sentence

• Meaning
Answer: Phoneme
82. The "Vigyan Jyoti" program encourages girls to pursue STEM fields by:

• Teaching Vedic mathematics exclusively

• Combining traditional Indian sciences with modern STEM

• Focusing only on space technology

• Ignoring IKS completely

Answer: Combining traditional Indian sciences with modern STEM

83. Bhartṛhari's view that language and reality are inseparable aligns with which concept?

• Śabda-pramana

• Yajna

• Pradushana

• Karma
Answer: Śabda-pramana

84. Which of the following is a key strategy to integrate IKS into modern education?

• Incorporate traditional texts in STEM curricula

• Replace Western science entirely

• Limit IKS to history courses

• Ignore contemporary applications

Answer: Incorporate traditional texts in STEM curricula

85. In Panini's Aṣṭādhyāyī, what is the primary mechanism for generating grammatical rules?

• Random word lists

• Sutras with recursive operations

• Pictorial representations

• Oral traditions only

Answer: Sutras with recursive operations

86. Which of the following is a focus area of the IKS Division established under the Ministry of Education?

• Preserving ancient manuscripts only

• Promoting only Ayurveda in schools

• Integrating IKS into mainstream education and research

• Translating all texts into English

Answer: Integrating IKS into mainstream education and research

87. How does IKS contribute to environmental sustainability today?

• Adapting ancient water management to modern ecology

• By reviving outdated farming tools

• Banning all industrial development

• Using only organic pesticides

Answer: Adapting ancient water management to modern ecology
88. What makes Sanskrit uniquely suited for Natural Language Processing (NLP)?

• Its ancient religious status

• Simple vocabulary

• Large number of speakers today

• Highly structured, rule-based grammar

Answer: Highly structured, rule-based grammar

89. What is the primary purpose of Chandas (prosody) in ancient Indian literature?

• Decorative wordplay

• Structural framework for poetic composition

• Religious rituals only

• Musical notation
Answer: Structural framework for poetic composition

90. Which Vedic text is the earliest known source for the study of Chandas?

• Rigveda

• Yajurveda

• Chandogya Upanishad

• Natya Shastra
Answer: Rigveda

91. In prosody, a Guru (heavy syllable) is defined by:

• Sacred meaning

• High pitch

• Length

• Position in the stanza

Answer: Length

92. What was the primary function of Gana (mnemonic syllables) in Sanskrit prosody?

• To memorize Vedic hymns

• To classify poetic metres

• To teach grammar rules

• To compose musical notes

Answer: To classify poetic metres

93. Which of these is NOT one of the "seven birds" (major Sanskrit metres)?

• Anuṣṭubh

• Triṣṭubh

• Jagatī

• Kavya
Answer: Kavya
94. How did metres contribute to literary architecture in ancient India?

• By standardizing emotional expression

• By providing rigid rhythmic frameworks for poetry

• By replacing grammatical rules

• Limiting creative freedom

Answer: By providing rigid rhythmic frameworks for poetry

95. According to the Vedic model, how many levels (koshas) of consciousness are described?

• 3

• 6

• 5

• 12
Answer: 5

96. The ancient Indian theory of speech (Vak) and cognition is primarily explored in which text?

• Patanjali's Yoga Sutras

• Charaka Samhita

• Nyaya Sutras

• Mandukya Upanishad
Answer: Patanjali's Yoga Sutras

97. Which governmental initiative promotes IKS in current research and policy?

• AYUSH Mission

• Digital India

• Make in India

• Swachh Bharat
Answer: AYUSH Mission

98. Which ancient Indian text explicitly mentions Anvīkṣikī as one of the four vital vidyās for statecraft?

• Manusmriti

• Arthashastra

• Rigveda

• Natya Shastra
Answer: Arthashastra

99. The term Anvīkṣikī primarily refers to:

• Military strategy

• Agricultural techniques

• Poetic composition

• Logical and philosophical reasoning

Answer: Logical and philosophical reasoning
100. Rajadharma in ancient Indian polity primarily emphasized:

• Military conquests

• Duties and ethical responsibilities of a ruler

• Trade regulations

• Religious rituals
Answer: Duties and ethical responsibilities of a ruler

101. Kautilya's Arthashastra is fundamentally a treatise on:

• Poetic composition

• Astronomical calculations

• Statecraft, economics, and political strategy

• Ayurvedic medicine
Answer: Statecraft, economics, and political strategy

102. The Shulba Sutras in ancient India primarily dealt with:

• Land measurement and taxation

• Military strategy

• Temple architecture

• Ayurvedic medicine
Answer: Land measurement and taxation

103. Which ancient Indian text provides detailed guidelines for revenue collection and taxation under the Mauryan
administration?

• Manusmriti

• Arthashastra

• Rigveda

• Natya Shastra
Answer: Arthashastra

104. A key mechanism to integrate IKS into modern education is:

• Incorporating traditional texts in interdisciplinary curricula

• Limiting IKS to history courses

• Promoting only theoretical study

• Ignoring Western sciences

Answer: Incorporating traditional texts in interdisciplinary curricula

105. The Paradigm Shift expected from IKS integration emphasizes:

• Isolating IKS from global systems

• Rejecting all contemporary knowledge

• Focusing on Sanskrit literature

• Blending ancient wisdom with modern scientific rigor

Answer: Blending ancient wisdom with modern scientific rigor
106. What is the primary focus of the Indian Knowledge System (IKS)?

• Modern scientific theories

• Ancient Indian knowledge systems and wisdom

• Western philosophical traditions

• Contemporary technological innovations

Answer: Ancient Indian knowledge systems and wisdom

107. Which concept of IKS discusses the knowledge of the Self and its connection to the universe?

• Adhyatma Vidya

• Ayurveda

• Yoga

• Vastu Shastra
Answer: Adhyatma Vidya

108. Which among the following is an example of applied IKS in architecture?

• Use of sustainable materials

• Designing energy-efficient buildings

• Incorporating natural elements like sunlight and ventilation

• All of the above

Answer: All of the above

109. What does "Shilpa Shastra" primarily deal with?

• Medicine

• Music

• Architecture and Sculpture

• Astronomy
Answer: Architecture and Sculpture

110. Which sustainable practice is rooted in IKS for water conservation?

• Rainwater Harvesting

• Over-extraction of groundwater

• Chemical treatment of water bodies

• Ignoring traditional water systems

Answer: Rainwater Harvesting
111. Which of the following is the focus of "Krishi Vigyan" in IKS?

• Modern Agricultural Techniques

• Traditional Farming Practices

• Use of Chemical Fertilizers

• Promoting monoculture
Answer: Traditional Farming Practices

112. Which of the following is the primary emphasis of the "Swasthavritta" concept in Ayurveda?

• Surgical procedures

• Disease diagnosis

• Preventive healthcare through lifestyle adjustments

• Pharmaceutical treatments
Answer: Preventive healthcare through lifestyle adjustments

113. Which aspect of mental well-being does Yoga primarily address?

• Physical Strength

• Emotional stability and mindfulness

• Intellectual abilities

• Social connections
Answer: Emotional stability and mindfulness

114. How does IKS contribute to disaster management?

• Developing early warning systems based on natural indicators

• Ignoring climate change

• Focusing only on post-disaster relief

• Promoting urbanization in vulnerable areas

Answer: Developing early warning systems based on natural indicators

115. Which of the following is an example of IKS integration in modern technology?

• Developing AI based on linguistic structure of Sanskrit

• Replacing all software with Vedic scripts

• Ignoring ethical concerns

• Promoting digital divide

Answer: Developing AI based on linguistic structure of Sanskrit

116. How can IKS practices in healthcare reduce the carbon footprint?

• By promoting local and herbal medicines

• By using disposable medical equipment

• By promoting pharmaceutical dependency

• By ignoring environmental sustainability

Answer: By promoting local and herbal medicines
117. What is the role of IKS in promoting social justice and equity?

• Encouraging social divisions

• Promoting inclusivity and respecting diverse knowledge systems

• Ignoring marginalized communities

• Reinforcing social hierarchies

Answer: Promoting inclusivity and respecting diverse knowledge systems

118. Which of the following is the focus of "Niti Shastra" in IKS?

• Ethical Governance and Justice

• Military Strategies

• Economic Policies

• Personal Relationships
Answer: Ethical Governance and Justice

119. Which of the following is an important aspect of IKS in sustainable development?

• Balancing economic growth with environmental and social well-being

• Prioritizing economic growth over sustainability

• Ignoring social justice

• Promoting unsustainable consumption

Answer: Balancing economic growth with environmental and social well-being

120. How does IKS contribute to cultural preservation?

• Protecting and promoting traditional art forms, languages, and practices

• Ignoring modern influences

• Homogenizing cultural expressions

• Forcing cultural assimilation

Answer: Protecting and promoting traditional art forms, languages, and practices

121. Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of the scientific method?

• Objectivity

• Empirical evidence

• Subjectivity

• Systematic observation
Answer: Subjectivity

122. In the context of scientific research, what does "peer review" involve?

• Evaluation by experts in the field

• Personal opinions

• Ignoring evidence

• Biased reporting
Answer: Evaluation by experts in the field
123. What is the primary goal of a "hypothesis" in the scientific method?

• To provide a testable explanation

• To confirm existing beliefs

• To avoid evidence

• To promote pseudoscience
Answer: To provide a testable explanation

124. Which of the following is a key ethical principle in scientific research?

• Honesty and integrity

• Bias

• Fabrication of data

• Ignoring societal impact

Answer: Honesty and integrity

125. In scientific research, what does "replication" refer to?

• Repeating a study to verify results

• Ignoring contradictory findings

• Fabricating data

• Promoting pseudoscience
Answer: Repeating a study to verify results

126. What is the role of "control groups" in experimental research?

• To provide a baseline for comparison

• To manipulate results

• To ignore ethical considerations

• To confirm biases
Answer: To provide a baseline for comparison

127. Which type of reasoning involves drawing specific conclusions from general principles?

• Deductive reasoning

• Inductive reasoning

• Logical fallacies

• Biased reasoning
Answer: Deductive reasoning

128. What does "statistical significance" indicate in scientific research?

• The reliability of the results

• Meaningless coincidences

• Biased interpretation

• Lack of evidence
Answer: The reliability of the results
129. Which of the following is a characteristic of pseudoscience?

• Reliance on anecdotal evidence

• Empirical evidence

• Peer review

• Falsifiable claims
Answer: Reliance on anecdotal evidence

130. What is the primary purpose of "scientific modeling?"

• To simplify complex systems

• To complicate explanations

• To ignore data

• To avoid testing
Answer: To simplify complex systems

131. Which cognitive bias involves favoring information that confirms existing beliefs?

• Confirmation bias

• Placebo effect

• Dunning-Kruger effect

• Halo effect
Answer: Confirmation bias

132. What is the "placebo effect" in medical research?

• A beneficial effect due to belief

• A harmful effect

• No effect at all

• A statistical error
Answer: A beneficial effect due to belief

133. Which logical fallacy involves attacking the person making an argument rather than the argument itself?

• Ad hominem

• Straw man

• Appeal to authority

• False dilemma
Answer: Ad hominem

134. What is the "Dunning-Kruger effect?"

• Overestimation of one's competence

• Underestimation of one's abilities

• Accurate self-assessment

• Lack of knowledge
Answer: Overestimation of one's competence
135. Which research design involves observing subjects in their natural environment without manipulation?

• Observational study

• Experimental study

• Survey

• Case study
Answer: Observational study

136. In survey research, what is "sampling bias?"

• Non-representative sample

• Random selection

• Large sample size

• Objective questions
Answer: Non-representative sample

137. What does "correlation" indicate between two variables?

• A statistical relationship

• Causation

• No relationship

• Spurious association
Answer: A statistical relationship

138. Which type of study involves following a group of subjects over an extended period?

• Longitudinal study

• Cross-sectional study

• Case-control study

• Meta-analysis
Answer: Longitudinal study

139. What is the primary focus of "meta-analysis" in research?

• Combining data from multiple studies

• Conducting original research

• Reviewing literature

• Ignoring contradictory findings

Answer: Combining data from multiple studies

140. In the context of research ethics, what does "informed consent" involve?

• Obtaining voluntary agreement

• Withholding information

• Coercing participation

• Ignoring potential harm

Answer: Obtaining voluntary agreement
141. Which of the following is a key component of critical thinking?

• Evaluating evidence

• Accepting claims without question

• Relying on emotions

• Ignoring alternative perspectives

Answer: Evaluating evidence

142. What does "falsifiability" mean in the context of scientific claims?

• The claim can be proven wrong

• The claim is always true

• The claim is meaningless

• The claim is a personal opinion

Answer: The claim can be proven wrong

143. Which type of reasoning moves from specific observations to general conclusions?

• Inductive reasoning

• Deductive reasoning

• Abductive reasoning

• Fallacious reasoning
Answer: Inductive reasoning

144. What is the "burden of proof" in argumentation?

• The obligation to provide evidence

• The right to make claims

• The ability to use logical fallacies

• The authority to ignore evidence

Answer: The obligation to provide evidence

145. What is the primary focus of epistemology as a branch of philosophy?

• Study of knowledge

• Study of ethics

• Study of beauty

• Study of reality
Answer: Study of knowledge

146. Which of the following is a key question in metaphysics?

• What is the nature of reality?

• How can we know what is right?

• What is beauty?

• How should societies be organized?

Answer: What is the nature of reality?
147. What is the primary concern of ethics as a branch of philosophy?

• Moral principles and values

• The nature of reality

• The study of knowledge

• The principles of reasoning

Answer: Moral principles and values

148. Which branch of philosophy deals with the principles of correct reasoning?

• Logic

• Ethics

• Metaphysics

• Aesthetics
Answer: Logic

149. What is the focus of aesthetics as a branch of philosophy?

• Beauty and art

• Moral principles

• The nature of reality

• The study of knowledge

Answer: Beauty and art

150. Which philosophical perspective emphasizes empirical evidence and observation?

• Empiricism

• Rationalism

• Idealism

• Existentialism
Answer: Empiricism

151. Which philosophical perspective emphasizes the role of reason and innate ideas?

• Rationalism

• Empiricism

• Pragmatism

• Skepticism
Answer: Rationalism

152. What is the main idea behind philosophical skepticism?

• Doubt about knowledge claims

• Belief in absolute certainty

• Reliance on authority

• Ignoring evidence
Answer: Doubt about knowledge claims
153. Which philosophical approach emphasizes practical consequences and usefulness?

• Pragmatism

• Existentialism

• Absurdism

• Nihilism
Answer: Pragmatism

154. What is the central theme in existentialist philosophy?

• Individual freedom and responsibility

• Determinism

• Social order

• Divine purpose
Answer: Individual freedom and responsibility

155. Which philosophical concept involves the study of values?

• Axiology

• Ontology

• Cosmology

• Teleology
Answer: Axiology

Disclaimer:
The answers provided have been shared to the best of my knowledge and understanding. However, I do not take any
responsibility for their accuracy or correctness. Please verify and use them at your own discretion.

Shivansh Garg

Squad 85