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Tutorial 1

The document outlines various tutorial problems related to electronic engineering, focusing on antenna range equations, signal processing, and propagation loss calculations. It includes tasks such as deriving equations for non-isotropic and isotropic antennas, calculating standard deviations for signal constellations, and analyzing radio wave properties. Additionally, it covers practical scenarios involving wireless communication, such as frequency shifts due to vehicle movement and the effects of phase shifts on received signals.

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4 views2 pages

Tutorial 1

The document outlines various tutorial problems related to electronic engineering, focusing on antenna range equations, signal processing, and propagation loss calculations. It includes tasks such as deriving equations for non-isotropic and isotropic antennas, calculating standard deviations for signal constellations, and analyzing radio wave properties. Additionally, it covers practical scenarios involving wireless communication, such as frequency shifts due to vehicle movement and the effects of phase shifts on received signals.

Uploaded by

Sphesihle ngwenya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Selected Topics in Electronic Engineering I

Tutorial 1A

1. Derive the range equation for a non-isotropic receiver antenna in free space.
2. Derive the range equation for an isotropic receiver antenna in free space.
3. Calculate the standard deviation for an antipodal signal in terms of the signal-noise
ration.
4. Calculate the standard deviation for the signal constellation below in terms of the
signal-noise ration. The ordinate is the imaginary axis and abscissa is the real axis.
The signal can be defined as

This constellation represents 16QAM modulation.

5. Refer to the illustration below.

This illustration depicts a transmitted wave from the transmitting base station to a
receiving mobile station.
a) What type of radio waves exhibit this property?
b) Calculate the length of the LOS path.
c) Calculate the length of the reflected pathway.
d) Explain your results in b and c.
e) What is the result for d2-d1 if hb and hm are small compared to d?
6. Find the propagation loss (in dB) for a signal at 800MHz, with a transmitting antenna
height of 30 metres over a distance of 10km. A mobile antenna height of 2m can be
assumed.
a) Use the free space model.
b) Using the Okumura-Hata model for a large urban area. Compare the two results.
7. A wireless receiver with an effective diameter of 250cm is receiving signals at 20 GHz
from a transmitter that transmits at a power of 30mW and a gain of 30dB.
a. What is the gain of the receiver antenna?
b. What is the received power if the receiver is 5km away from the transmitter?
8. A BS has a 900 MHz transmitter, and a vehicle is moving at the speed of 100kph.
Compute the received carrier frequency if the vehicle is moving
a. Directly toward the BS
b. Directly away from the BS
c. In a direction that is 60 degrees to the direction of arrival of the transmitted
signal. (Hint: = cos θ, where is the angle between the vehicles
forward velocity and the LOS path from the transmitter to the vehicle.
9. Consider space waves. A mobile user is situated in a vehicle that is moving at a
velocity of 60kph. It is observed that after a distance of quarter a wavelength the
LOS path is increased and the reflected path is reduced by the same amount
resulting in a 180 degree phase shift and thus cancellation of the received signal.
After another quarter wavelength, the signals become in phase. What is the time
between fades for a cellular phone operating at GSM: 850 MHz and a phone
operating at 1900 MHz? Discuss.

More to follow in Tutorial 1B next week…

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