CONTENTS

CLASS 12TH UNIT – 1 COMMUNICATION SKILLS

SESSION -1: Active Listening
SESSION – 2: Parts of Speech
SESSION – 3 : Writing Sentence

SESSION – 1 : ACTIVE LISTENING

ACTIVE LISTENING –
Active listening is the skills of fully concentrating , understanding , responding and remembering
what someone is saying during communication. It means not just hearing the words, but truly paying attention
to the speaker with interest and empathy.
Features of Active Listening :
• Full attention – No distraction like mobile phones or other tasks.
• Understanding the message – Trying to grasp the speaker’s ideas and emotion.
• Non – verbal cues – Using eye contact , nodding and facial expressions to show interest.
• Feedback – Asking question , paraphrasing , or summarizing to confirm understanding.
• No interruption – Letting the speaker finish before responding.
Importance of Active Listening :
• Builds strong relationship.
• Reduce conflict.
• Boost problem solving.
• Inhance learning.
• Improves understanding
• Promots emathy.
The various factors that affect active listening are as follows :
1. Eye contact : It is a form of body language. It is one of the most important aspects in the
communication process. Maintaining an eye contact with the person you are talking to sends a
signal to the speaker that ‘’Yes, I am talking to you or listening to you”.
2. Gesture : These indicate to the speaker if you are listening or not. Keep your hand and feet still
while talking to someone.
3. Avoiding distraction : You need to identify the things that distract you. You must physically
remove the distraction in order to listen attentively.
4. Giving feedback : Feedback can be positive or negative. But both the cases, one needs to be polite
so that the person to whom the feedback is being given is not hurt or offended.

Stages of Active Listening:

The best kind of listening is ‘Active Listening ’. It happens when you hear, understand, respond,
and remember what is being to said.
The five stages of active listening are as follows:
 1. Receiving – It involves listening attentively.
2. Understanding : It is an informed agreement about something or someone
3. Remembering : It is refers to the retrieval or recall of some information from the past.
4. Evaluating : It is about judging the value, quantity, importance and amount of something or
someone.
5. Responding : It is about saying or doing something as a response to something that has been
or done.
How to ensure Active Listening ?
You can remember the acronym ‘RESPECT’ to ensure active listening. Now , let us see what each
letter listening stands for.
R – Remove : Distraction that may hamper listening. For example- reducing the volume of
television, radio or mobile phone while talking to a person.
E – Eye contact : Eye contact refers to looking at the speaker while listening.
S – Show : Show that you are listening attentively to the speaker through gestures.
P – Pay : Pay attention and focused on what the speaker is saying.
E – Empathise - Empathise and feel the emotions of the speaker. Empathise is the ability to
share someone’s feelings or experience by imagining what it would be like to be in that person’s
situation.
C – Clarify doubts : Ask question to clarify doubts.
T – Tune : Tune yourself to the timing of the speaker , i.e. wait for the speaker to finish, and then
respond.

Barriers to Active Listening –

Overcoming barriers to active listening :

Factors How a factor can become a How to overcome the

barriers barriers?
1. Being pre – occupied When pre – occupied, you may not Do not let emotions take over your
be listening to a person carefully.
mind. Keep away phones and
digital device.
2. Noise and visual You may not be able to hear the Create a conducive environments
distractions other person clearly in a noisy to avoid misinterpretations and
environment. distractions.
3. Past experience or mindset You may have developed biases on Avoid developing biases and be
past experience and interactions. your approach when interacting.
4. Personal factors Your personal feelings may affect Allow the other person to finish
your listening, for example your speaking and then, respond.
preconceptions about the other
person.
 SESSION – 2 : PARTS OF SPEECH
BASIC PARTS OF SPEECH :
The different types of words we use in sentence are called parts of speech.
• Noun – Noun are words that refer to a person, place, thing, or idea. They are ‘naming words’. For
example , Dog, India , Rina.
• Pronoun – A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun. For example – They, we, you, she, It, he.
• Adjective – Adjective is a word that describe other words. For example – Small, Blue, Sharp,
Loud
• Verb – Verb is a word that shows action. For example – Run , Eat, Think, Sit.
• Adverb – Adverb is a word that adds meaning to a verb, adjective, or other adverb. It answers
the question – how ? how often? And where? For example – Easily, Always, Inside, Before.

Supporting parts of speech

• Articles : the words ‘a’ ‘an’ and ‘the’ are known as articles.
Articles are generally , used before nouns. ‘An’ is word before words with a vowel
(a,e,I,o,u) sound. For example, A book, An apple, The sun
• Conjunction : Conjunction are words that join two nouns, phrases or sentence. Some common
conjunction are ‘and’ , ‘or’ and ‘but’.
• Preposition : Preposition connect one word with another to show the relationship between
them. They usually answer the question ‘where’ , ‘when’ and ‘how’. For example, The cat is on
the roof.
• Interjection : These words express strong emotion, such as happiness, surprise, anger or pain.
They have an exclamation mark at the end. For example, Wow, oh!, Thanks!, Help!