GRADE 8

MODULE 7
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Vocabulary: Science and Technology

Grammar 1: Tense Revision
Grammar 2: Reported Speech
Practice Test 28,29,30

THIS HANDOUT BELONGS TO

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VOCABULARY 1: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
I. Write the prefix im- or un-, then put the stress on each word.
do employed possible practical
easy polite patient acceptable
limited movable mature decided
expected proper moral natural
balance important polluted healthy
II. Fill in the gaps with the words in the box. Then read the sentences aloud.
unemployed untidy immature unavailable unavoidable
impatient unforeseen impossible unable impolite
1. I tried to speak to the professor, but he was________________.
2. There are now fears that war is __________________.
3. Kevin is so _____________. His room is always a mess.
4. He was angry to find that he had been _______________.
5. The boys in my class are so ________________ - they’re always doing silly things.
6. It’s ______________ to predict the weather around here.
7. I thought she was very ________________. She kept interrupting me.
8. I’m sorry I was _______________ to attend the meeting.
9. Don’t be so ____________________! The bus will be here soon.
10. Due to _______________circumstances, the play has been cancelled.

III. Match the names of occupations with their definitions.

1. chemist a. a person who has invented something
2. archaeologist b. a person who travels to unknown places in order to find out what is there
3. software developer c. a person who works to protect the environment, plants, animals and natural
4. physicist resources
5. explorer d. a person who studies the buildings, graves, tools, and other objects in the past
6. biologist e. a person who builds and creates Computer programs
7. inventor f. a scientist who works with Chemicals or studies their reactions
8. conservationist g. a scientist who studies physics
h. a scientist who studies living things

1. face recognition a. a small meeting room or a part of an online meeting where a small group of
2. nanolearning participants can do a specific activity
3. digital communication b. make something happen or exist
4. invent c. gradually grow or become bigger, more advanced, stronger, etc.
5. create d. small learning experiences that can be completed in a short amount of time
6. computer screen compared to traditional educational experiences
7. breakout room e. the electronic exchange of information
8. discover f. produce or design something that has not existed before
9. develop g. technology that allows a computer to identify a person by their face
10. video conferencing h. a system that enables people in different places to communicate and see each
other using video screens
i. the working area on the monitor of a computer
j. find information, a place, or an object, especially for the first time

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IV. Complete the sentences with a suitable noun.
1. Christopher Columbus was an Italian _______ who discovered the Americas.
2. Marie Curie was a Polish ___________ who discovered the elements polonium and
radium.
3. The ____reconstructed the broken ancient vase from its fragments.
4. As a _________, you’ll work to protect and enhance the local environment.
5. Mr. Kaku is a quantum __________ , a founder of string field theory.
6. Matt works as a _____________ _ for a Computer manufacturer.
7. Eugenie Clark was an American marine _________ who worked with sharks.
8. Tim Berners-Lee is best known as the ______________of the World Wide Web.

V. Add the suffix -er, -or or -ist to the words, then put them into the correct columns.
art contract translate guitar program journal act
psychology science create advise speak design direct
pharmacy research invent marine invest develop
-er:
-ist:
-or:
VI. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
technology enormous benefits techniques exploring
incurable underground invention patent progress
1. In 50 years, homes might be located ________________or on water.
2. The Internet is one of the greatest __________________in human history.
3. Scientists are ________________ the possibility of living on Mars.
4. New ________________ has made it possible to communicate more easily.
5. Thomas Edison received a ________________ for his light bulb in January 1880.
6. Science-based technology has an ________________ impact on the human environment.
7. We have made significant ________________ in the fight against HIV/AIDS.
8. Modern freezing ________________ enable the chickens to be stored for weeks.
9. Robots will bring ________________ to the manufacturing workforce.
10. Her cancer has been called ________________ after it spread to her lungs.

eye tracking application attendance biometrics experiments

scanners printers robot teacher contact lenses fingerprints
1. You can uninstall a(n) _____________ you have installed on your phone at any time.
2. Using fingerprints to authenticate the user to their own phone is just one use of _____________.
3. _____________ are thin discs of plastic or glass that sit directly on your eye to correct vision.
4. Some fingerprint _____________ cannot read your finger if they are wet or dirty.
5. In these modern times, advances in science are leading to fewer tests and _____________ on animals.
6. Each person’s _____________are unique, which is why they have long been used as a way to identify
individuals.
7. Laser ___________ are durable and can print monochrome and coloured documents frequently.
8. _____________ is a sensor technology that can detect a person’s presence and follow what they are looking
at in real-time.
9. With a smartphone, a teacher can check _____________ without bringing paper and laptops to the classroom.
10. Will we still need a human teacher if a _____________ is in use in a classroom?
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VII. Supply the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. ________________ is one of the compulsory subjects in high school. (chemist)
2. The moon landing launched a new era in space ________________. (explore)
3. New________________ discoveries are made every day. (Science)
4. Technology is making our kids ________________. Children have become less likely to play
outside. (active)
5. Everyday life is constantly improving thanks to the ideas of famous ________________past and
present. (invent)
6. Science and Technology have enormous effects on economic________________. (develop)
7. I don’t like this movie. Its dialogue sounds so________________. (nature)
8. Using computers has a ________________effect on children’s learning. (benefit)
9. Wildlife ________________ are trying to save the whale from extinction. (conserve)
10. ________________ progress has been so rapid over the last few years. (technology)
11. They have trained a number of young _____________ for their factory. (technique)
12. Recent advances in _____________ science mean that this illness can now be cured. (medicine)
13. If you want to _____________ coloured images, your printer will typically use colour ink. (printer)
14. Scientists are still working on _______________ new methods of reaching outer space. (invent)
15. The teacher read out the result of our _______________ examination yesterday morning. (chemist)
16. These devices require users to use _______________, letters, and special characters in their PIN. (digital)
17. Scientific _______________ such as relativity and quantum physics radically changed the worldview of
scientists. (discover)
18. With the advancement of technology, _____________ application in everyday life is no longer futuristic.
(robot)
19. The doctor stressed that his new kind of treatment is still _____________. (experiment)
20. A lot of vehicles now can _____________ the owner and open doors automatically. (recognition)

VIII. Fill in each blank with an appropriate preposition.

1. Science and technology are transforming our lives _____ almost every field.
2. Some chemicals have a harmful impact _____ the environment and human health.
3. Is technology the main key _____ success in today’s world?
4. Advances in science and technology bring many benefits _____ modern society.
5. Engineers must be highly skilled _____ maths and scientific problem-solving.
6. Thomas Edison is credited _____ over a thousand groundbreaking inventions.
7. How can we keep up _____ the rapid pace of technological progress?
8. Will humans be able to settle _____ Mars in the future?
9. The invention _____ the Internet revolutionized global communication.
10. Thomas Edison was born _____ 1847 _____ the state of Ohio, USA.

IX. Choose the correct answers.

1. She has spent the last four years studying for a degree in science and _____________.
A. technique B. technology C. technicality D. technologist
2. Fingerprint _____________ sometimes need more time than usual to read your fingerprints.
A. screens B. computers C. scanners D. printers
3. The _____________ took out her tooth and asked her to come back again for further treatment.
A. chemist B. dentist C. doctor D. physicist
4. With face _____________, you can now unlock your phone by just looking at it!
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A. recognition B. connection C. communication D. conference
5. The object of their expedition was to _____________ the source of the River Nile.
A. produce B. invent C. discover D. develop
6. Automatic fingerprint _____________ system can be used to provide information of whether the student
_____________ a lecture.
A. attendance - attended B. attendant – attends
C. attending - attended D. attendance – attending
7. _____________ products are chemical compounds or substances produced by living organism.
A. Artificial B. Natural C. Homemade D. Manmade
8. Nowadays, the most common _____________ include fingerprint scanning, facial recognition, voice
recognition, and iris scanning.
A. devices B. medicines
C. chemical elements D. biometrics
9. _____________ typically refers to content that can be consumed in seconds or minutes, such as a short video
or interactive animation.
A. Experience B. Experiment C. Remote learning D. Nanolearning
10. They sent some technical _____________ to maintain the air conditioner system in the building.
A. designers B. producers C. engineers D. developers

VOCABULARY 2: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Topic Vocabulary in Contrast
• artificial / false
• aim / cause / reason
• progress / development
• natural / physical
• estimate / calculate
• modern / new
• true / accurate
• electric / electronic
• industry / factory
• method / way
• invent / discover
• award / reward
• engine / machine / motor
• research / experiment
• take place / occur

Phrasal Verbs
• break down – stop working (for a machine, etc.)
• carry out – perform an experiment, etc.
• come off – succeed
• come on – develop or make progress
• come up with – think of (an idea, a plan, etc.)
• cut off – stop the supply of something
• find out – discover information, etc.

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 • give off – produce heat or a smell
• narrow down – reduce the number of possibilities
• plug in – connect to the electricity supply
• put through – connect by phone
• turn into – change into something different
• turn off – stop a machine working
• work out – find the solution to a problem, etc.
Phrases and Collocations
• attempt – make an attempt (at sth/doing / to do); attempt to do; in an attempt to do
• average – on average
• beginning – in the beginning; at the beginning (of sth); beginning with
• bottom – at/on the bottom (of sth)
• cause – (be/find/look for/etc.) the cause of sth
• conclusion – come to/reach the conclusion (that); in conclusion
• experiment – do/perform/carry out an experiment (on sth); experiment with sth/doing
• fact – in fact; as a matter of fact; the fact (of the matter) is (that); face the facts
• introduction – with the introduction of sth; an introduction to sth/sb
• phone call – make/receive/get a phone call
• photo(graph) – take a photo (of sth/sb)
• research – carry out / do research (on/into sth)
Word Patterns
• cause sth (to do)
• consider sth/doing; consider if/whether; consider sb for sth; consider it strange, etc. (for sb to do)
• discuss sth/doing (with sb)
• explain that; explain sth (to sb)
• intend to do/doing
• know (about) sth/doing; know of sb; be known as sth
• look at/for sth/sb; look forward to sth/doing
• manage to do
• plan sth; plan to do
• possible (for sb) to do; find sth possible; find it impossible to do
• result of sth/doing; result in sth; result in (your) doing; result from sth/doing; as a result of sth
• wonder about sth/doing; wonder if/whether/who

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I. Choose the correct answer. Sometimes you can choose more than one correct answer.
1. The scientist provided an ________ report about climate change, but some details were misleading.
a) artificial b) accurate c) false d) modern
2. Regular exercise improves both mental and ________ health.
a) natural b) physical c) artificial d) biological
3. The company aims to ________ the cost of production before setting the final price.
a) calculate b) estimate c) analyze d) consider
4. The meeting will ________ next Monday at 10 a.m.
a) occur b) take place c) be held d) happen
5. The ________ of the research is to develop a new vaccine.
a) cause b) aim c) result d) reason
6. The car’s ________ stopped working, so we had to call a mechanic.
a) engine b) motor c) machine d) system
7. Many people believe that a balanced diet is the ________ of good health.
a) cause b) reason c) result d) effect
8. This smartphone is one of the most advanced ________ devices on the market.
a) electric b) electronic c) digital d) mechanical
9. The Wright brothers ________ the first successful airplane in 1903.
a) discovered b) invented c) created d) developed
10. The ________ of the Internet changed the way people communicate.
a) discovery b) invention c) research d) creation
11. The company is working on a new ________ to reduce plastic waste.
a) approach b) methodology c) method d) progress
12. His report was factually ________, but it was not very well organized.
a) true b) accurate c) right d) false
13. The student was highly ________ in designing new gadgets, and he received an award for his invention.
a) interested b) fond c) skilled d) talented
14. Scientists are conducting ________ on the long-term effects of climate change.
a) researches b) experiments c) tests d) analysis
15. We need to ________ if life exists on other planets.
a) invent b) discover c) find out d) create
16. The city has made significant ________ in reducing pollution.
a) development b) progress c) improvement d) expansion
17. The company received a(n) ________ for its innovation in renewable energy.
a) award b) reward c) realization d) certification
18. Many workers lost their jobs when the textile ________ shut down.
a) industry b) factory c) business d) warehouse
20. The ________ for not attending the seminar was that he was feeling unwell.
a) cause b) reason c) meaning d) culprit
21. This technology is considered ________ because it was developed recently.
a) obsolete b) outdated c) advanced d) futuristic
22. He was awarded a prize for his outstanding ________ to science.
a) research b) discovery c) contribution d) experiment
23. The meeting will ________ at the company's headquarters next week.
a) occur b) take place c) happen d) hold

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24. Scientists have been trying to ________ a cure for the disease for years.
a) invent b) discover c) search d) develop
25.The ________ of plastic pollution is overuse and improper disposal.
a) cause b) reason c) effect d) solution

II. Choose the correct answer.

Modern Science
It seems entirely (1) ________ to us that there are teams of scientists in universities and other institutions
around the world, attempting to (2) ________ the way the world works. However, it hasn’t always been that
(3) ________. Although the scientific method is now four or five hundred years old, the ancient Greeks, for
example, believed that they could work out the (4) ________ of natural events just by the power of thought.
During the 17th century, more and more people began to realise that they could (5) ________ their scientific
ideas by designing a relevant (6) ________ and seeing what happened. A lot of (7) ________ was made in
this way by individual scientists. These men and women often worked alone, carrying out (8) ________ into
many different areas of science, and they often received very little (9) ________ for their hard work. At the
start of the 20th century, though, it became (10) ________ that science was becoming more complicated and
more expensive. The individual scientist disappeared, to be replaced by highly qualified teams of experts.
Modern science was born.
1. A. physical B. natural C. typical D. real
2. A. create B. invent C. construct D. discover
3. A. route B. method C. way D. technique
4. A. aims B. reasons C. causes D. impulses
5. A. calculate B. estimate C. measure D. test
6. A. experiment B. research C. attempt D. analysis
7. A. development B. movement C. progress D. evolution
8. A. research B. experiment C. discovery D. education
9. A. award B. prize C. gift D. reward
10. A. clear B. true C. accurate D. actual

III. Circle the correct word.

1. Many materials have been used for artificial / false teeth, including wood.
2. Be careful! You might give yourself an electric / electronic shock!
3. I’m afraid the problem with your washing machine is the engine / motor.
4. Many employers in the chemicals industry / factory object to the new law.
5. My computing exam is taking place / occurring next week.
6. Technology is a fundamental part of new / modern life.
7. We had our car serviced and it seems there’s a problem with the engine / machine.

IV. Complete using the correct form of the words in the box.
plug • turn • carry • narrow • put • work • come • break
1. A lorry had ________ down on the motorway and we had to wait for over an hour.
2. I have ________ it down to two computer games, but I still can’t make up my mind.
3. I wish you would ________ the TV off and go outside and get some exercise.
4. Scientists are trying to ________ out ways to reduce pollution from aircraft.
5. Tomorrow, we will be ________ out an experiment to test this theory.
6. Who ________ up with the idea of the ball-point pen?

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7. I’ll just ________ you through to our research department. Please hold on.
8. No wonder the vacuum cleaner isn’t working. You haven’t ________ it in!
break down • carry out • come off • come on • come up with • cut off • find out • give off • narrow down
plug in • put through • turn into • turn off • work out
1. The old washing machine ________ yesterday, so we need to buy a new one.
2. Scientists are ________ an experiment to test the effects of microgravity on plant growth.
3. The new marketing strategy didn’t ________ as well as we had hoped.
4. His health is improving because the treatment is ________ really well.
5. We need to ________ a creative way to reduce waste in the office.
6. Due to the heavy snowstorm, the village was completely ________ from the rest of the country.
7. Can you help me ________ the truth about what happened during the meeting?
8. This chemical reaction ________ a lot of heat, so be careful when handling the materials.
9. We should ________ our options before making a final decision.
10. Make sure you ________ the printer before you try to use it.
11. I’ll ________ your call to the IT department—please hold on for a moment.
12. Over time, the small town ________ a modern city with skyscrapers.
13. Don’t forget to ________ the lights before you leave the room.
14. I couldn’t solve the math problem at first, but I finally ________ the correct answer.
15. The factory ________ a lot of harmful gases into the air, which contributes to pollution.

V. Match to make sentences.

1. Alex’s electricity was cut ............ A. off because she forgot to pay the bill.
2. Wear a mask because these chemicals give ............ B. off fumes that can be harmful.
3. I’m writing an essay and I need to find ............ C. out who discovered penicillin.
4. I was pleased that our gamble came ............ D. on in physics over the last year.
5. Alchemists spent years trying to turn ............ E. metals such as lead into gold.
6. Your teacher says you’ve really come ............ F. off and the experiment was a success.

VI. Choose the correct answer.

1. I don’t think people should be allowed to perform experiments ............ animals.
A) for B) over C) on D) to
2. There was an explosion in technology ............ the beginning of the 20th century.
A) in B) at C) through D) on
3. Let’s face ............ – we are destroying the environment and we need to do something now.
A) truth B) facts C) things D) information
4. The distance from the Earth to the Sun is, ............ average, about 149 million kilometres.
A) by B) on C) from D) in
5. It’s amazing that creatures survive ............ the bottom of the ocean.
A) in B) by C) at D) to
6. Fox Talbot ............ the first photograph in 1835.
A) gave B) did C) drew D) took
7. Researchers have ............ to the conclusion that your personality is affected by your genes.
A) come B) got C) reached D) arrived
8. Do you mind if I just ............ a quick phone call from here?
A) do B) take C) have D) make

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9. Many lives were saved ............ the introduction of antibiotics.
A) into B) at C) with D) in
10. The ............ of the nuclear accident is still unknown.
A) reason B) cause C) base D) motive
11. My father works at the university, doing research ............ weather control.
A) on B) to C) of D) from
12. The telescope will photograph distant galaxies, ............ an attempt to understand their past.
A) on B) for C) with D) in

VII. Find the extra word in each line.

1. We were discussing about the future in class today.
2. Some people were wondering it whether we would have to live in space when we destroy
3. our own planet. I explained them that the answer lies in technology because
4. scientists are intend to develop forms of energy that will not damage the
5. environment. The problems caused as being a result of technology will be
6. solved by technology. I am look forward to our next discussion.
VIII. Complete each second sentence using the word given, so that it has a similar meaning to the
first sentence. Write between two and five words in each gap.
1. The mistake by scientists caused a massive explosion. (in)
The mistake by scientists ______________________________________ a massive explosion.
2. Dr Atherton finally succeeded in discovering the secret formula. (managed)
Dr Atherton finally ______________________________________ the secret formula.
3. Another name for iron oxide is ‘fool’s gold’. (as)
Iron oxide ______________________________________ ‘fool’s gold’.
4. Many local residents intend to protest about the nuclear power plant. (plan)
Many local residents ______________________________________ about the nuclear power plant.
5. We are thinking of appointing Dr Knight to the position of Professor. (considering)
We ______________________________________ the position of Professor.
6. We cannot live in outer space without special equipment. (us)
It ______________________________________ to live in outer space without special equipment.

IX. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap.
Qualcomp Powertop
Qualcomp have just brought out their (1) ____________________ (REVOLUTION) new handheld
computer, the Powertop. It’s (2) ____________________ (POSSIBLE) not to love it, with its smooth, shiny
(3) ____________________ (APPEAR) and its bright screen.
It might not be the best (4) ____________________ (INTRODUCE) to handheld computing because it is
quite advanced, but you’ll find an (5) ____________________ (EXPLAIN) of all the features in the
detailed manual.
The Powertop has been (6) ____________________ (SCIENCE) designed to fit a lot of computing power
in your palm.
The (7) ____________________ (INVENT) of a unique wireless Internet connection means there’s a
world of (8) ____________________ (DISCOVER) just waiting for you. We give the Powertop nine out
of ten.

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X. Complete the sentences by changing the form of the word in capitals when this is necessary.
1. Did you know that George Washington had ____________________ teeth? (WOOD)
2. The old astronomer patiently made his _______________ and wrote down what he saw.
(OBSERVE)
3. ____________________ have announced that a major breakthrough has been made. (RESEARCH)
4. I’m planning to train as a ____________________ when I grow up. (PSYCHOLOGY)
5. That red ____________________ over there is the Science Department. (BUILD)
6. The scientist said she had an announcement of international ___________________.
(IMPORTANT)
7. Science Weekly has a special ____________________ offer – the first issue is free! (INTRODUCE)
8. If there are aliens out there, do you think they are much more ____________________ advanced than
we are? (TECHNOLOGY)

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VOCABULARY 3: COMPUTER, THE MEDIA

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VOCABULARY 4: B2 PRACTICE

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GRAMMAR 1: TENSE REVISIONS
Exercise 1: Choose the correct answer.
1. I your brother at Green Street yesterday afternoon.
A. meet B. met C. have met D. had met
2. He a cigarette and to the window.
A. light; walked B. lit; walks C. lighted; walked D. lights; walks
3. After she for help, she off her shoes and in to save him.
A. shouted; took; jumped B. had shouted; took; jumped
C. had shouted; had taken; jumped D. shouted; had taken; jumped
4. I can't go with you because I my homework yet.
A. haven't finished B. had finished C. finished D. finish
5. He for London 2 years ago and since then I him.
A. have left; didn't see B. left; haven't seen
C. eft; hadn't seen D. had left; have't seen
6. The performance at 7 o'clock and for 3 hours. We all it very much.
A. had started; had lasted; enjoyed B. had started; lasted; enjoyed
C. started; had lasted; enjoyed D. started; lasted; enjoyed
7. Tell them to stop and take a rest. They long enough.
A. have worked B. had worked C. have been working D. had been working
8. "You here before?” □ "Yes, I my holidays here last year.”
A. have you been; spended B. have you been; spent
C. had you been; spent D. were you; spent
9. We our housework by tomorrow evening.
A. will finish B. will have finished
C. will be finishing D. are going to finish
10. "Your face is dirty, Tom.” □ "All right, I it.”
A. am washing B. am going to wash C. will wash D. will have washed
11. Coming into the room, he Mary where he her.
A. see; left B. saw; had left C. had seen; left D. saw; was leaving
12. I from him since he two years ago.
A. hadn't heard; disappeared B. haven't heard; disappeared
C. didn't hear; has disappeared D. will not hear; disappears
13. After the guests she back into the living-room and off the light.
A. left; went; turned B. had left; had gone; turned
C. have leftt; will got; turned D. had left; went; turned
14. By the time you finish cooking they their homework.
A. will have finished B. will finish C. had finished D. have finished
15. "You have just missed the last train.” □ "Never mind. I ”
A. will be walking B. am going to walk C. will walk D. am walking
16. "I the way to the Globe Theater.” □ "OK. I you.”
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 A. don't know; will show B. won't know; will show
C. don't know; am showing D. don't know; am going to show
17. Come in, please. I for you long.
A. have waited B. have been waiting
C. had been waiting D. have been waited
18. Who you to the cinema with last night?
A. went B. did you go C. had gone D. did you went
19. Detective: I'm afraid I must ask both of you. What at 10.20 p.m yesterday?
Mr. X: I chess with my wife.
Mr. Y: I to a play on the radio.
A. were you doing; am playing; was listening B. did you do; played; listened
C. were you doing; am playing; am listening D. were you doing; was playing; was listening
20. You my sister for a long time come to see us tonight?
A. haven’t seen; Will you B. won't see; Will you
C. hadn't seen; Would you D. haven’t seen; Are you going
Exercise 2: Find and correct a mistake.
1. This is the most beautiful place I ever visit.
2. This time next week they will sit in the train on their way to Paris.
3. The radio has been played since 7a.m, I wish someone would turn it off.
4. I came late to class. When I entered the teacher writing something on the blackboard.
5. They will have English from nine to ten in this room. Don't annoy them then.
6. I made cakes. That's why my hands are covered with flour.
7. I got a sore throat because I have been speaking for 3 hours.
8. It is raining hard. We can't do anything until it stopped.
9. She had got into her shoes, put on her coat and went to the door.
10. What tune had they played when we came in?
11. That evening we stayed up to talk about the town, where he has lived for a long time.
12. I have lived in this city for 15 years. My family had moved here when I was 10 years old.
13. We are very tired. We have walk for three hours.
14. I haven't seen her since we leaved school.
15. I have been thought about you a lot lately and I have come to conclusion that I won't be able to
live without you.
16. Coming into his room, he found that someone broke into it.
17. It always rains when they had just cleaned the windows.
18. The last time I saw him, he wore a black suit.
19. By the first of next July I had worked for this company for 20 years.
20. This is the talking between two friends who had just met up each other.
Exercise 3: Give the correct form of verb.
1. Last night, we (watch) television when the power (fail).
2. We (be) in this class for 4 years next September.
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3. When we came in, they (prepare) the meal for us.
4. There (be) many changes in our village in the past few year.
5. Think carefully. I'm sure you (remember) his name.
6. After ancient Greek athletes had won a race in the Olympics, they (receive) a simple crown of
olive leaves.
7. They (build) that bridge when I (be) there last year, they (not finish) it yet.
8. As soon as my parents came, we [go] out for dinner.
9. I (search) everywhere for the pen I (lose) yesterday.
10. "What you (do) at the moment, Ann?" "I (pack). I (catch) a plane to London tomorrow morning."
11. Since I left Venezuela six years ago, I (return) to visit friends and family several times.
12. When my parents (arrive) for a visit tomorrow, they will see our baby for the first time.
13. Don't worry. I (finish) the report by 10 o'clock.
14. I'll return Bob's pen to him next time I (see) him.
15. "I [go] out to buy a morning newspaper." "But it (rain) now. Why don't you wait until the rain (stop)?"
16. Whenever I travel abroad, I (forget) something I need.
17. Hurry up or you (be) late for class.
18. He (be) to the theater three times this month.
19. Hurry up or the film (be) over before we (get) home.
20. Before I (start) the car, all passengers had buckled their seat belts.
21. I'm going out for a walk. I (read) too long.
22. I (do) homework when my mother (send) me to the chemist's with the prescription the doctor
(give) her.
23. By the end of this week I (read) 200 pages of my new novel.
24. He (do) the experiment when the light (go) out.
25. At this time next week, we (live) in USA.
26. He (work) on the report at this time tomorrow.
27. Go on the next test as soon as you (finish) this one.
28. When I (look) at my suitcase, I could see that somebody (try) to open it.
29. We (be) a few minutes late, so the film (start) when we (get) to the cinema.
30. I'm going to bed now. I (work) for hours and I'm very tired.
31. I think she is the nicest person I (meet).
32. He [come] into the room after he (stand) outside for a moment.
33. After the telephone (buzz) for a minute, the doctor (answer) it.
34. He (have) a bad fall while he (repair) the roof.
35. Yesterday, when I (see) Tom he (sit) in a corner with a book. I (tell) him that he (read) in very
bad light.

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GRAMMAR 2: REPORTED SPEECH
I. Khái niệm
Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp
- Câu trực tiếp là câu nói của ai đó được trích - Câu gián tiếp là câu tường thuật lại lời nói của
dẫn lại nguyên văn và thường được để trong người khác theo ý của người tường thuật và ý nghĩa
dấu ngoặc kép (“… ”). không thay đổi.
Ví dụ: Ví dụ:
+ Mary said“ I don’t like ice-cream”. (Cô + Mary said thatshe didn’t like ice-cream. (Mary
ấy nói rằng: “Tôi không thích kem”.) nói cô ấy không thích kem.)

II. Các thành phần cần biến đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp
* Các đại từ: Ta cần thay đổi đại từ sao cho phù hợp với ngữ cảnh trong câu
* Thay đổi thì của câu:
Thì của các động từ trong lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi theo một nguyên tắc chung là lùi về quá khứ
Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp
Hiện tại đơn -> Quá khứ đơn
Hiện tại tiếp diễn -> Quá khứ tiếp diễn
Hiện tại hoàn thành -> Quá khứ hoàn thành
Quá khứ đơn -> Quá khứ hoàn thành
Quá khứ tiếp diễn -> Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Tương lai đơn: will/ shall -> would/ should
Tương lai gần: be going to -> was/were going to

* Thay đổi một số động từ khuyết thiếu:

Trực tiếp Gián tiếp
can could
will would
shall should
must had to
may might

* Thay đổi Đại từ

Các đại từ nhân xưng và đại sở hữu khi chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi tùy theo
chủ ngữ và tân ngữ ở trong câu tường thuật. Ngoài ra, đại từ chỉ định sẽ thay đổi như sau:
Đại từ chỉ định this that
these those
* Các trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn, thời gian:
Trực tiếp Gián tiếp
Here There
Now Then
Today That day
Ago Before
Tomorrow The next day / the following day
The day after tomorrow In two day’s time / two days after
Yesterday The day before / the previous day
The day before yesterday Two day before
Next week The following week
Last week The previous week / the week before
Last year The previous year / the year before

III. Các dạng câu trần thuật cơ bản

1. REPORTED SPEECH: STATEMENTS (Câu trần thuật)
Ta dùng động từ say hoặc tell để tường thuật:

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 * S + said + (that) + S + V
* S + told + O + (that) + S + V
Ex:
He said, “I have just bought a computer today.” => He said that he had just bought a computer that day.
Linda said, “There is someone at the door, Bill.” => Linda told Bill that there was someone at the door.

2. REPORTED SPEECH: QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi)

a. Yes-No questions: Khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp, ta cần thêm if hoặc whether trước chủ từ của câu hỏi được
tường thuật:
Ex:
He said to me, “Are you from Canada?” => He asked me if/whether I was from Canada.
The man said to her, “Did Bill tell you my address?” => The man asked her if/whether Bill had told her his
address.
The girl said, “Do you live near here, David?” => She asked David if/whether he lived near there.
b. Wh – Questions: Các câu hỏi bắt đầu bằng một từ để hỏi như: who, when, where, when, why, how…

Ex: He said to them, “Where are you going?” -> He asked them where they were going.
The teacher asked, “When do you do your homework, Tom?” -> The teacher asked Tom when he did his
homework.

3. REPORTED SPEECH: COMMANDS/ORDERS/REQUESTS (Câu mệnh lệnh/Câu đề nghị)

Ta dùng động từ ask hoặc tell để tường thuật:

• Dick said to Jim: “Please open the window.” => Dick told Jim to open the window.
• Mother said, “Tim, go to bed early.” => Mother told Tim to go to bed early.
• Father said to Liz: “Don’t come home late.” => Father told Liz not to come home late.

* LƯU Ý: Các trường hợp KHÔNG thay đổi thì trong câu tường thuật:
a. Câu điều kiện loại 2 và 3
Nếu câu nói trực tiếp là câu điều kiện loại 2 và loại 3, ta chỉ thay đổi các đại từ, tình từ…mà không đổi thì
trong câu.
Ex: “If I were older, I would retire.”, he said.
He said if he were older, he would retire.
“If I had heard the whole story, I would have acted differently”, he said
He said that if he had heard the whole story, he would have acted differently.
b. Câu trực tiếp diễn tả một chân lí, hay một thói quen ở hiện tại.
Nếu câu nói trực tiếp nói về một sự thật, một chân lí hay một thói quen thường xuyên lặp đi, lập lại ở hiện tại,
khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp ta phải giữ nguyên thì của câu trực tiếp.
Ex 1: Trực tiếp: The teacher said, “The earth moves round the Sun”
Gián tiếp: The teacher said that The earth moves round the Sun.
Ex 2: Trực tiếp: My wife always drinks coffee for breakfast.
Gián tiếp: He said that his wife always drinks coffee for breakfast.
c. Động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn, hiện tại hoàn thành, tương lai.

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Nếu động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn, hiện tại hoàn thành, tương lai, khi đổi sang câu
gián tiếp, ta không thay đổi thì và các cum trạng từ và cụm từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn, mà chỉ thay đổi các
đại từ hay tính từ…
Ex: He says/ He is saying/ He has said/ He will say, “The bus is coming.” → He says the bus is coming.
d. Không thay đổ thì của động từ trong câu gián tiếp nếu có thời gian xác định trong quá khứ.
Ex. She said, ‘‘I was born in 1980’’
She said that she was born in 1980
e. Các động từ khuyết thiếu: could, would, might, ought to, should không thay đổi trong câu tường
thuật.
Ex. He said, ‘I might come’
He said that He might come’
- Khi tường thuật mệnh đề ước muốn: “wish’
Ex: He said; “I wish I had a lot of money”
He wishes (that) he had a lot of money
- Khi tường thuật cấu trúc: “It’s (high/ about) time”
She said; “It’s about time you went to bed.” => She told her children that it’s about time they went to bed.

IV. Các động từ tường thuật đặc biệt

1. Câu tường thuật với động từ theo sau bằng động từ nguyên thể
- tell/ask sb + to V: bảo/yêu cầu ai làm gì
- advise sb + to V: khuyên ai làm gì
- promise + to V: hứa làm gì
- threaten + to V: đe doạ làm gì
- warn + sb + not to V: cảnh báo không nên làm gì
- invite sb + to V: mời ai làm gì
- remind + sb + to V: nhắc nhở ai làm gì
- encourage sb + to V: khuyến khích ai làm gì
- offer + to V: đề nghị làm gì
- agree + to V: đồng ý làm gì

2. Câu tường thuật với động từ theo sau bằng danh động từ
- accuse sb of + V-ing: buộc tội ai vì làm gì
- admit + V-ing: thừa nhận làm gì
- deny + V-ing: phủ nhận làm gì
- apologize (to sb) for + V-ing: xin lỗi ai vì làm gì
- blame sb for + V-ing: đổ lỗi cho ai vì làm gì
- complain (to sb) about + V-ing: phàn nàn về điều gì
- confess to V-ing: thú nhận làm gì
- congratulate sb on + V-ing: chúc mừng vì làm gì
- criticize sb for V-ing: chỉ trích vì làm gì
- insist on + V-ing: khăng khăng làm gì
- object to + V-ing: phản đối làm gì
- suggest + V-ing: gợi ý/đề nghị làm gì
- thank sb for + V-ing: cảm ơn ai vì làm gì
- warn sb against + V-ing: cảnh báo ai không nên làm gì

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I. Rewrite the sentences in reported speech.
1.“I have already written that letter,” my friend said.
My friend said
2. Carol said to me, “ I will ask Mr. Harris about that word.”
Carol told
3. He said, “ I don’t understand those two lessons at all.”
He said (that)
4. “I know those girls quite well,” Mary said.
Mary said
5. Charles said to me, “I have to leave the office before 3.00 p.m.”
Charles told
6. “Finish the work,” Mr. Johnson said to his secretary .
Mr. Johnson asked
7. George asked me, “Can you finish the work by that time? ”
George asked me
8. Mr. Anderson asked Bill, “How long have you lived here?”
Mr. Anderson asked Bill
9. “ My entire trip cost me two thousand dollars,” Mr. Brown said
Mr. Brown told
10. “Your health will improve very quickly,” the doctor said to me
The doctor told
II. Identify the mistake in the sentences.
1. Mrs. Amenuelle told to Alice to give her a hand.
A B C D
2. John said the taxi driver to turn left at the first traffic lights.
A B C D
3. Mary ordered John if he could carry her suitcase, please.
A B C D
4. Johnson Nancy Lee asked me if would I like to have dinner with her.
A BC D
5. Hoa asked Lan whether did she like sports or not.
A B C D
6. Bá told to Tuấn if he could ride his bicycle to school.
A B C D
7. Phong asked Peter whether he enjoys reading books or not.
A B C D
8. Mary promised her boy friend that she would expect to see him next Wednesday.
A B C D
9. A tourist asked how far was it from Hồ Chí Minh City to Huế.
A B C D
10. He asked Lan how many people there are in her family.
A B C D
III. Choose the word or phrase that needs correcting.
1. The reporter said that astronauts can bring back specimens of rock from the moon.
A. that B. can bring C. of D. from
2. They said that the new telescope system will provide more detailed exploration of Mars soon.
A. the new B. will provide C. detailed D. of

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3. The Carters said that they would like to postpone their holiday until next week.
A. said B. would C. to postpone D. next week
4. She said her manager that she emailed to their partner the week before and she was still waiting for a reply.
A. said B. emailed C. the week before D. was still waiting
5. The software developer said, “I began writing this software the previous month and I am still working on
it.”
A. began B. this C. the previous month D. am still working
6. Ms. Jodie says that she really likes social media but she didn’t like TikTok.
A. that B. likes C. but D. didn’t
7. Michael said to his teacher that he was having a headache at that moment, and he needed to rest now.
A. said to B. was having C. that moment D. now
8. “I would certainly continue living here for the foreseeable future,” said my new neighbour.
A. would B. living here C. here D. foreseeable future
9. Mrs. Jodan says that she used the school’s website to divide work and assign students tasks every day.
A. used B. to divide C. assign D. every day
10. The author of the article says that solar panels were not comparable in price to wind generators.
A. The author of the article B. were not C. in D. to wind
IV. Choose the correct answer.
1. The workers said that robots (were/ are) replacing them on assembly lines.
2. They said they (might/ may) develop wireless systems on their hardware platform.
3. He said he’d been so busy (this/ that) afternoon that he’d completely forgotten to call her.
4. She said she had left all worries behind and devoted herself to the study of science some years (before/
ago).
5. He said that Emily was wearing a brown dress she’d bought (the previous day/ yesterday).
6. My teacher said that Alexander Fleming (invents/ invented) penicillin in 1928.
7. The secretary said I could leave a note on her desk whenever she wasn’t (here/ there).
8. The reporter said that the government didn’t have the answers to (these/ those) difficult questions.
9. Julia said that she didn’t like to stay at home and watch TV (today/ that day).
10. He said that the Internet signal could (then/ now) be transmitted by satellite.
V. Give the correct forms of words.
1. Lucas said he __________ (not / want) any dessert as he was full.
2. Russell said that he and Lori __________ (see) Bradley recently.
3. When I called, Tiffany said she __________ (give) the dog a bath so she asked me to phone back in half
an hour.
4. Caleb said he __________ (try) to find a flat for ages before he finally found one he liked.
5. Doris says she __________ (decide) to quit her job but I don’t believe her.
6. Our English teacher said that Shakespeare __________ (be) probably the greatest writer in the English
language ever.
7. Bobby said he and Kayla __________ (be going to) invite her parents for the weekend, but I don’t know
if they went or not.
8. Alexis said last night that she really __________ (love) me, even if she doesn’t always show it.
9. Roy said to Theresa that he __________ (ask) me to be his best man on Monday but in fact he asked Grant.
10. Liam told Brittany he _________ (bring up) by his grandparents but in fact he hadn’t.
VI. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. My brother said via the phone that he ___________ Sydney for a tour of the world.
A. is leaving B. would leave C. leaves D. may leave

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2. James said, “Hurry up! The store ___________.”
A. closed B. will close C. is closing D. closes
3. William said that he had visit a famous laboratory ___________.
A. last three days B. three days ago C. three days before D. three days previous
4. Samuel said to his friends that ___________ to become a conservationist.
A. they wanted B. he wants C. they had wanted D. he wanted
5. He said, “No matter what ___________ next, we ___________ him in his new project.”
A. happens - will support B. will happen – support
C. happened - am going to support D. would happen - am supporting
6. The teacher said that their school ___________ new computers in the library.
A. equips B. is equipping C. has equipped D. would equip
7. He said that his computer was downloading a big file ___________.
A. at this moment B. at that moment C. at the moment D. at moment
8. Dad said to me that the sun ___________ only a small star in the universe.
A. was B. is C. will be D. would be
9. Jonathan said to his friend that ___________.
A. he is reading a science book now B. he is reading a science book then
C. he was reading a science book now D. he was reading a science book then
10. Susan said, “I usually take the bus to town, but ___________ I cycle for a change.”
A. today B. that day C. the day before D. the previous day
VII. Fill in the blanks with one word.
1. Tonya said _______ TV was broken and asked if she could come around to watch the football with us.
2. Your father said that _______ old newspapers in the garage might be collector’s items.
3. Dana told the kids she had no option but to punish _______.
4. Wendy said to thank you for the tomatoes and that _______ were the tastiest ones she’d ever eaten.
5. Before he left, Carsen told his hosts that _______ had been a lovely evening.
6. As soon as he saw the jeans, Bob told us that he had to have _______.
7. The Pattersons said that _______ eldest daughter has just got a job working at the White House.
8. Grandpa said that _______ picture over there was painted by his great-grandfather.
VIII. Rewrite the sentences. Use between TWO TO FIVE WORDS.
1. ‘I can pick you two boys up from school this afternoon,’ said their father to George and Kevin. that
➔ George and Kevin’s father told his sons _________________________ up from school that afternoon.
2. ‘I had Evan and Christie over for dinner last night,’ said Liz. before
➔ Liz said that _________________________ had Evan and Christie over for dinner.
3. ‘Daz came here two days ago and then suddenly left,’ said Barry. gone
➔ Barry said that Daz had _________________________ and then suddenly left.
4. ‘We’re going on our yearly diet tomorrow,’ said Jessie and Sandy together. starting
➔ Jessie and Sandy said together that _________________________ yearly diet the next day.
5. ‘We’ll be travelling round Europe next month,’ said Jerry. following
➔ Jerry said that _________________________ be travelling round Europe.
6. ‘I’ll buy these as they’re so cheap!’ said Toby. going
➔ Toby said he _________________________ as they were so cheap.
7. ‘You must study harder, Dave,’ said Dave’s mum. him
➔ Dave’s mum _________________________ study harder.
8. ‘I think you may be coming down with flu,’ Greg said to me. thought
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 ➔ Greg said that _________________________ be coming down with flu.
9. ‘I don’t know why they haven’t contacted me recently,’ said Tina. been
➔ Tina said she didn’t know why _________________________ recently.
10. ‘Everything was different yesterday,’ said Ben. been
➔ Ben said everything _________________________ before.
IX. Change the sentences into the reported speech.
1. “We can spend part of our budget on research and development.”
They said that
2. “She wants to donate money to establish this pharmaceutical laboratory.”
The reporter said that
3. “Thomas Edison was born in 1847 and died in 1931.”
He said that
4. “Our country doesn’t have sufficiency of natural resources.”
The President said that
5. “My doctor is advising about many things other than medicine.”
Bill said that
6. “We may do another experiment to examine this formula tomorrow.”
They said that
7. “Our mission will explore the planet’s southernmost latitudes.”
The explorer said
8. “Technology will change how we think and live.”
The scientist said that
9. “My brother is now concentrating on a career as a software engineer.”
She said that
10. “Jack and Jim are going to a technology fair now.”
He said that
X. Write the appropriate introductory verb then report the following situations.

No. Direct speech Verb Reported speech

1 "You should go to bed." advise He advised me to go to bed.

2 "Please, please don’t leave me alone."
3 "Do it now!"
4 "Oh, all right. I’ll do the washing-up."
5 "Don’t forget to take the dog out."
6 "Everybody, sit down!"
7 "Could I use your phone?"
8 "I’m sorry I shouted at you."
9 "I’ll tell your parents if you don’t behave."
10 "It only works if you press the green button."
11 "You’re right. It was a brilliant film."
12 "I’ve been feeling tired all day."
13 "Of course I’ll write to you."
14 "I’ll give you a lift home, if you like."
15 "Let’s go for a swim."
16 "It was you who broke the computer."
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 17 "If I were you, I would tell them the truth."
18 "Don’t be late again!"
19 "Yes, I broke the window."
20 "Let me carry your bag."
21 "Why don’t we take a break?"
22 "You never help around the house!"
23 "I didn’t touch your phone."
24 "Please don’t tell anyone."
25 "It was a mistake to trust him."

XII. Give the correct forms or tenses of verbs in brackets.

1. Jack asked his sister where she (go) the following day.
2. The mother told her son (behave) so impolitely
3. She asked why Mathew (look so embarrassed when he saw Carole.
4. The boy admitted (not do) the homework.
5. Our grandparents used to suggest (wear) sunglasses when we were out on bright sunny days.
6. Robert offered (help) Carlo do the dishes.
7. The captain ordered his men (abandon) the ship immediately.
8. Tom promised (give) Janet the answer by the end of the week.
9. Jane criticized Frank for (disclose) their confidential report to the press.
10. The team leader reminded us (tidy up) the final draft before submission.
11. The kidnappers threatened (kill) our boy if we did not pay the ransom.
12. Bill said that he never (be) to Russia and he thought he (go) there the next year.
13. John apologized to his Mum for (break) his promise.
14. Steve warned Mike (touch) the wires as it might be deadly.
15. The police asked Mr. John what he (do) the night before.
16. The doctor strongly advised Jasmine (take) a few days' rest.
17. Mary said if she (be) rich, she (travel) around the world.
18. He said that English (be) very useful for my future job and I (must) master it
19. He said they (play) games in the bedroom then.
20. She said that I had better (go) home early.
XIII. Choose the correct answer.
1. The interviewer asked me what experience for the job.
A. do you get B. did I get C. I got D. you got
2. They asked me whether I was working
A. next day afternoon B. the afternoon followed
C. the following afternoon D. tomorrow afternoon
3. "Where have you been hiding?", she asked. She asked me where hiding.
A. I have been B. have I been C. had I be D. I had been
4. He asked me home the day before.
A. what time I leave B. what time I will leave
C. what time I had left D. what time I left
5. John asked me in English.

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 A. what does this word mean B. what that word means
C. what did this word mean D. what that word meant
6. She said I an angel.
A. am B. was C. were D. have been
7. Laura said she had worked on the assignment since
A. yesterday B. two days ago C. the day before D. the next day
8. John asked me interested in any kind of sports.
A. if I were B. if were I C. if was I D. if I was
9. John asked me that film the night before.
A. that I saw B. had I seen C. if I had D. if had I seen
10. She asked me the seat or not.
A. if / had occupied B. whether / was occupied
C. if / has been occupied D. whether / occupied
11. The policeman asked us
A. had any of us seen the accident happen
B. if had any of us seen the accident happen
C. whether any of us had seen the accident happen
D. that if any of us had seen the accident happen
12. I asked him but he said nothing.
A. what the matter was B. what was the matter
C. the matter was what D. what's the matter was
13. James him up when the bus reached the square.
A. told me wake B. asked me to wake
C. said me to wake D. requested me waking
14. I wonder we'll catch the bus we'll take a taxiể
A. if / and whether B. whether / or that C. if / or that D. whether / or whether
15. Excuse me. Could you tell me ?
A. what time is it B. what is the time C. what time it is D. it is what time
16. We wonder from his office after that scandal.
A. why did he not resign B. why he did not resign
C. why he not resign D. why didn't he resign
17. Jeff wanted to know .
A. that why were his friends laughing B. why were his friends laughing
C. why his friends were laughing D. the reason why his friends laughing
18. Mr Hawk told me that he would give me his answer the day.
A. previous B. following C. before D. last
19. She him whether he liked the steak she cooked.
A. asks B. wondered C. wanted to know D. asked
20. His neighbours sometimes wondered he did for a living.
A. why B. when C. where D. what
XIV. Rewrite the sentences.
1. "Do come and enjoy tea with my family" she said.
=> She invited us .............................................................................................................................................
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2. "Why don't we come to visit our teacher today?" he said.
=> He suggested...............................................................................................................................................
3. "My advice to you is to do morning exercises" she said.
=> She advised me ...........................................................................................................................................
4. "I'm sorry I broke the glass", said Peter.
=> Peter apologized ........................................................................................................................................
5. "Why don't you put your luggage under the seat?" he asked,
=> He suggested..............................................................................................................................................
6. "It's true that I broke your old vase", she said in tears.
=> She admitted ...............................................................................................................................................
7. "Don't move or I'll shoot", said the bank robber to the clerk.
=> The bank robber threatened ......................................................................................................................
8. "Don't forget to phone the police", she told him.
=> She reminded .............................................................................................................................................
9. "Don't swim out too far, boys", said the coach.
=> The coach warned.......................................................................................................................................
10. Linh said, "If my father repairs the bike now, I will ride the bike to school."
=> Linh said ....................................................................................................................................................
11. "I would have passed the exam if I had tried my best” Binh said.
=> Binh said ...................................................................................................................................................

XV. Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first one.
1. “There were no cell phones a long time ago!”
My grandmother said _
2. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
The telephone _
3. Tablets aren’t as convenient as smartphones.
Smartphones are much _
4. “I can’t come in today, because I’m sick.”
Two days ago, Tom phoned me and said _
5. How long have you been working on this project?
When
6. In spite of the freezing weather, we had a great holiday in Canada.
Even though
7. We found the exhibits shown in the Future World Exhibition very amazing.
We were _
8. Maya told Sara that she had just talked to a robot in the exhibition.
Maya said to Sara, “_ _”
9. It’s a shame I’m not able to come to your party on Saturday.
I wish
10. Paula can’t wait to hear the band’s new album.
Paula is really looking

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READING
Read the text carefully, then do the tasks.
FUTURE OF TECHNOLOGY
Technology is growing by leaps and bounds. Proper use of technology holds a bright future for us.
So, how can technology shape up the future in a better way? Let’s take a look!
Clean Energy
Global energy consumption is increasing and we will face a shortage of fossil fuels in the Corning
decades. However, technology is helping us deal with this problem by developing clean energy.
Development in the field of solar power technology has drastically reduced the cost of solar cells.
Generation of electricity through wind turbines has also grown rapidly in the recent years. So, in the
near future, technology can help us do away with dependence on fossil fuels and embrace clean and
green energy Solutions.
Virtual Reality (VR)
Remember Pokemon Go? Well, that was one of the earliest examples of Virtual reality. Tech giants
like Google, Facebook, and Nokia are spending a huge amount of money to make VR experience better
for the customers. However, with time and further developments, VR can be used for communication
through holograms, for interacting with 3- D objects and other useful and educational purposes.
Flying cars
This sounds straight out of a movie, but flying cars might soon be mainstream. Amazon has already
started delivering goods with the help of its drones, and Google is working on building its own
powerful drones. A couple of start-ups are also working on building flying cars. A flying car for all
intents and purposes is a drone that is capable of carrying people. There are already a handful of flying
vehicle prototypes: Terrafugia has TF- X; Pal-V has the Pal-V1; I-TEC has the Maverick LSA “Flying
Car”; and lastly AeroMobil s.r.o. has the AeroMobil 3.0.
These are just a few of the amazing technologies that we will have in the corning years. And that’s next?
Teleporting? Anything is possible!
A. Match the words or phrases with their meanings.
1. by leaps and bounds a. completely accept
2. do away with b. considered normal and used by most people
3. embrace c. a company that is just beginning to operate
4. hologram d. very quickly
5. mainstream e. an aircraft without a pilot, controlled from the ground
6. drone f. the first model of something new
7. start-up g. a three-dimensional image
8. prototype h. put an end to
B. Choose the correct answers.
1. According to the passage, technology can help .
A. create an energy shortage B. reduce energy consumption
C. end our dependence on fossil fuels D. stop using clean energy
2. In the future, Virtual reality can be used for .
A. interacting with 3-D objects B. teaching and learning
C. holographic communication D. all of the above
3. Which statement is true about flying cars?
A. They are just Science Fiction. B. They are presently at the prototype stage.
C. They are produced in large quantities. D. They will be launched in the coming year.

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4. In the sentence “There are already a handful of flying vehicle prototypes...”, what does
“a handful of” mean?
A. a large number of B. a small number of C. a great deal of D. an amount of
5. The flying car TF-X has been developed by .
A. Terrafugia B. I-TEC C. AeroMobil D. Pal-V
6. Which of the following statement is NOT true?
A. Virtual reality technology is now used in video gaming.
B. Solar power and wind are clean energy.
C. Amazon’s flying cars are being used for delivery.
D. Technology can bring us a bright future.
Read and choose the correct answers.
Hardware and software are two terms you’ve probably heard of at some point or another. The odds are high
that you use both on a daily basis, whether it’s with your smartphone or personal computer. Let’s take a
deeper look at what these two things are and why they’re important.
Hardware is any element of a computer that is physical. This includes things like monitors, keyboards, and
also the insides of devices, like microchips and hard drives. Software is anything that tells hardware what to
do and how to do it, including computer programs and apps on your phone. Video games, photo editors, and
web browsers are just a few examples.
Hardware and software are different from each other, but they also need one another in order to function. The
hardware would be the physical phone itself, and the software would be its operating system and apps. If we
were to take away the software, we would just have a dead phone in our hands. It wouldn’t be able to make
calls, text, or go online because it’s not receiving any instructions.
On the other hand, let’s say we have no hardware, meaning there’s no actual phone. If all we have are the
programs, we just have a bunch of instructions but nothing to give these instructions to. Hardware needs
software to tell it what to do, but software also needs hardware in order to act out its directions. When you
combine the two, you can do all sorts of things, whether you’re using a smartphone, computer, or any other
type of device.
Technology will continue to evolve. We may not be sure how it will look in 100 years, but hardware and
software will be there serving as its foundation.
1. The second paragraph is mainly about ______________.
A. the difference between hardware and software
B. some of the hardware and software of a computer
C. the definition of hardware and software of a computer
D. some facts concerning computer’s hardware and software
2. The word “physical” in the second paragraph mostly refers to ______________.
A. material B. natural C. logical D. mental
3. What does the author want to imply in the third and the fourth paragraphs?
A. Hardware and its operation system
B. Hardware and software work together
C. The superior role of software to its hardware
D. The way hardware and software function
4. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Some of the hardware inside of a computer are microchips, hard drives, monitors, keyboards...
B. Video games, photo editors, and web browsers are not software.
C. When a smartphone is making a call, sending a message, or going online, that means it starts receiving
instructions from the user.
D. A smartphone, a computer, or a similar device must have a functioning software to operate.
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5. We can learn from the passage that ______________.
A. if there were no software, there would be no hardware
B. if a hardware had no software, it could create one on its own
C. in 2100 humans will still be using technological devices which have both hardware and software
D. we will only use the technological devices that have both hardware and software in 100 years’ time

Fill in each blank with a word from the box.

as make machines do washing that because modern

Many people think that in the future robots will (1) ______________ all the housework. They talk about
robots (2) ______________ will be able to cook and robots that will tell us when we need to go shopping.
They say there will be robots in our shoes that do the hoovering (3) ______________ we walk around the
house! People think these robots will exist in ten years, and they think they will (4) ______________ a big
difference to our lives. We all will have more
free time. But think about your house today. It is already full of (5) ______________! We don’t call them
robots, but they do the housework for us. Do you do the (6) ______________ yourself, or do you use a
washing machine? Do you do the washing-up yourself, or do you have a dish-washer? (7) ______________
houses are full of machines that help US do the housework every day. We don’t think they are special (8)
______________ they are everywhere. Can you imagine living 50 years ago? The future will be easy, but
housework today isn’t so hard!

SPEAKING
Complete the dialogue with the appropriate sentences (A - G).

A. The technology they use in phones these days is amazing.

B. So, that's a negative too.
C. Wow, Nick is that a new phone?
D. Technologies always have both positive and negative aspects.
E. I totally agree.
F. Has it got the new high-tech camera?
G. Yep, that's a positive.
Mike: (1) Nick: Yep, brand new, state-of-the-art!
Mike: (2)
Nick: Yeah, the software they use is really advanced. You can take portraits that look just like
they’re from a much bigger camera.
Mike: I’ve seen them. (3)
Nick: But of course, the impact of technology isn’t always positive. Take something as simple
as a car. That’s a type of technology that’s made life easier.
Mike: (4) Nick: But on the negative side, cars cause air pollution.
Mike: Yeah, and if you drive too much instead of walking, you might not get as much
exercise. (5) _
Nick: So are mobile phones. Mobile phones help us to communicate with each other and access
information but too much screen time can be harmful, especially to children.
Mike: (6) People nowadays are spending too much time looking at a phone, a Computer or a
tablet.
Nick: Social media helps you keep in touch with your friends but it can also spread fake news
and encourage bullying.
Mike: You’re right. (7)
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Complete the conversation with the sentences in the box.
A. Just go ahead with it.
B. I haven't found a suitable profession for my future.
C. How about you?
D. I will try to study first.
E. Outdoor activities are fun.
F. And programmers are the ones to create and develop it.
G. You want to be a computer engineer, don't you?
H. I see that you might become an explorer or a photographer.
Matthew: What are you reading, Anthony?
Anthony: A book about computer science.
Matthew: (1) ______________________________
Anthony: Yes, I do. Actually, I want to be a software developer. I will write large programs.
Matthew: What a great profession! Computer software is used not only for all types of computers but also
in many devices that are essential to our daily life. (2) ___________________
Anthony: This work requires a lot of efforts and programming skills, but I love it and I believe my dream
will come true. (3) ______________________________
Matthew: Oh, I’m a bit different. I don’t like either sitting in a room or staying at the same place for too
long. I enjoy natural scenes and outdoor activities.
Anthony: Wow! (4) ______________________________ But who do you like to be, exactly?
Matthew: I don’t know for now. (5) ______________________________ I will need some pieces of advice
for my career when finishing high school.
Anthony: (6) ______________________________
Matthew: Photography doesn’t sound interesting. I prefer exploration.
Anthony: Great! At least you know what you like. (7) ______________________________
Matthew: Thanks. I also hope that you will become a great software developer.
Anthony: (8) ______________________________
Matthew: Me too.

Rearrange the sentences to make a conversation.

___ I haven’t tried that app yet. I still prefer a printed book.
___ Until I can, I’ll stick to my low-tech books.
___ You’re right. It’s not a big problem. But I like the look of text on a printed page.
___ You mean that faded text on that yellowed page? On an e-book application, you can adjust the text size,
font, and even line spacing.
___ But if you haven’t tried it yet, how do you know you wouldn’t like it better? This free e-book application
can store over 10,000 digital books and it’s easily portable.
___ The ads aren’t a big problem. You can always skip them with a tap on the phone’s screen.
_1_ What’s that?
___ Well, I’m not sure.
___ I don’t usually read 10,000 books all at once. I hear that there are lots of ads in such applications, which
are the way the application owner is trying to make money.
___ Can I get all of the out-of-print books on my shelves in digital format?
___ It’s my new e-book application. I’m just downloading some new books onto it. I’ll read books on my
iPad. You know I like something... hi-tech!

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 MODULE 7 TEST 1
I. Choose the word that has underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.
1. A. invent B. chemist C. patent D. technology
2. A. science B. scared C. Scottish D. screen
3. A. explore B. exchange C. experiment D. existence
4. A. inventors B. benefits C. panels D. homes
5. A. nuclear B. future C. bulb D. mute

II. Choose the word whose main stress pattern is placed differently.
1. A. automation B. development C. experiment D. technology
2. A. impolite B. scientific C. technology D. economic
3. A. spaceship B. benefit C. technical D. reality
4. A. technique B. incurable C. programmer D. explorer
5. A. unemployment B. laboratory C. engineer D. conservationist

III. Fill in each blank with a suitable word.

1. My dad told me that only robots ________ work in factories in the future.
2. Chester Greenwood was an American ________ who invented the earmuffs.
3. Modern technology has brought many benefits ________ society.
4. A ________ car is a type of personal air vehicle or roadable aircraft.
5. Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human being to travel into .
6. We’re going to Mars to ________ out if there is life there.
7. The first working ________ engine was invented by James Watt.
8. While still a small child, John was very fond ________ creating new things.
9. A scientist ________ studies chemistry is a chemist.
10. Future home will take advantages of robots to do ________ such as cleaning, cooking and washing.

IV. Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence.

1. Science and technology are the keys ______ economic and social development.
A. for B. to C. in D. of
2. It is predicted that 10 million self-driving cars will be on the road _____ 2020.
A. until B. from C. since D. by
3. John J. Stone-Parker came ____the idea of creating a star-shaped device when he was 4 years old.
A. up with B. down on C. across with D. away from
4. If you don’t _____ your invention, other people may well take advantage of it.
A. discover B. explore C. patent D. develop
5. Vivian said that she _____ Jim at the supermarket the previous day.
A. was meeting B. had met C. would meet D. was going to meet
6. ____ create the applications or Systems that run on a Computer.
A. Computer manufacturers B. Software developers C. Archeologists D. Conservationists
7. When I called them yesterday, they told me that they were going to the movies _____.
A. now B. tonight C. that night D. the next day
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8. Technological advancements have turned AI and robotics from science fiction to _____.
A. reality B. benefit C. quality D. discovery
9. We’ll have flying cars in the future, ______ we can travel much faster and further.
A. although B. since C. in order that D. so that
10. “Modern technology saves us lots of time.” - “ ”
A. I think it’s all right! B. OK. That’s all.
C. I can’t agree with you more! D. Not completely all.

V. Choose the underlined word or phrase, A, B, c or D that needs correcting.

1. Bell is best known for his inventor of the telephone, for which he received his first patent in 1876.
2. Voyager 2 is a spacecraft which has expanded us knowledge of the solar System.
3. As just about everyone are taught, Thomas Edison invented the light-bulb.
4. She promised me two days ago that she won’t tell him about that.
5. I disagree to the idea that robots will only bring benefits to people in the future.
6. Don’t come round before midday because I will be clean the house until then.
7. While the smartphone revolution has made our lives easily, it has also made us lazy.
8. Scientists said they would explore a possibility of living on Mars.
9. Technology is considered as a key factor for development economic.
10. She told to me that her parents were arriving the following day.

VI. Write the correct tense or form of the verbs in brackets.

1. Information technology______________ (change) over the past years due to user expectations.
2. ______________ (you/ still plant) the trees if I join you at 3.30 this evening?
3. If we ______________ (have) flying vehicles now, we could solve the problem of traffic jams.
4. John J. Stone-Parker______________ (patent) his invention when he was 4 years old.
5. The Computer mouse ______________ (invent) by Douglas Engelbart in 1964.
6. They said that they______________ (not be) to the art gallery for a long time.
7. I strongly believe there______________ (be) huge changes in the way we live in 10 years’ time.
8. The planet Mars______________ (explore) remotely by spacecraft since the late 20th century.
9. The teacher told us that we ____________ (may) choose any subject that we ____________ (like) best.
10. When I called Jane at 4 o’clock yesterday evening, she said she ______________ (work) then.
11. My brother is very creative. He is fond of ______________ (write) poems and stories.
12. He planned ______________ (turn out) minor inventions every ten days.

VII. Supply the correct form of the words in brackets.

1. He started a new job as a computer ______________after completing his course. (technique)
2. GPS (Global Positioning System) is one of the greatest ______________of the 21st century. (invent)
3. They were unable to run the telephone network ______________. (economic)
4. Over two decades ago, the idea of a flying car seemed______________, but now flying cars are becoming
a reality. (realistic)
5. The ______________ Michael Faraday showed that there is no electric field within a conductor. (physics)
6. ______________ cars are another example of AI and robotics. (drive)
7. Scientists will explore the ______________ of living on Mars. (possible)
8. Scientists believe that_____________ diseases, such as AIDS and Alzheimer’s will be cured soon. (cure)
9. Quantum teleportation is one of the 10 scientific ______________ of the 21st century. (discover)
10. The evolution of technology is ______________ to humans for several reasons. (benefit)
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VIII. Choose the word or phrase which best fits each gap.
COULD THE FUTURISTIC TRAVELING TUBE BECOME A REALITY?
Can you imagine traveling in a tiny pod, inside a tube that can quickly shoot people to (1) ____ they
want to go? It sounds like something out of a silly cartoon or a movie about the future. But this futuristic tube
may soon become (2) ____. And it could be a faster, easier, and cheaper way to travel than anything we know
now.
Elon Musk is a very wealthy South African-American (3) ____ . In the past, he has worked on private
space flight and electric cars. Recently, Musk has been planning this futuristic traveling tube, called the
Hyperloop. Musk said that he (4) ____ up with the idea for the Hyperloop whAe thinking about the train that
takes people between Eos Angeles and San Francisco. That train is known for being one of the slowest trains in
the country. But the Hyperloop would be (5) ____ faster. In fact, it could go about twice as fast as an airplane
and three or four times as fast as the fastest train in the world.
People using the Hyperloop would shoot (6) ____ in pods, which are each just over six-and-a-half feet
across. The pods would travel through tubes that are (7) _____ above ground or under water. The Hyperloop
could even run all day and night, and it could let people travel on their own schedule. People could (8) ____ at
the Hyperloop station.

1. A. wherever B. whenever C. whatever D. however

2. A. really B. real C. reality D. unrealistic
3. A. explorer B. browser C. inventor D. owner
4. A. got B. came C. caught D. turned
5. A. more B. nearly C. very D. much
6. A. around B. across C. out D. down
7. A. both B. only C. neither D. either
8. A. get off B. take over C. show up D. turn back

IX. Read the passage carefully, then do the tasks.

SMARTPHONE REVOLUTION
It was just over a decade ago when cell phones were primarily used for calling and sending texts. Today,
the uses of cell phones run the gamut. Phones do everything from taking high-resolution pictures to watching
pixel-perfect videos, browsing the Internet to playing graphic-intensive games to monitoring your movements
in addition to fulfilling basic communication needs.
The advent of smartphones has greatly simplified our lives. People now connect with their loved ones
more frequently and easily through video calls and instant messaging Services. Tasks, like creating slides,
reading emails, and creating documents don’t require a PC anymore. Brieflỵ, smartphone and apps have changed
the way we work, communicate and play.
While the smartphone revolution has made our lives easy, it has also made us lazy. Today, the whole
world is at our fingertips, and thus we don’t have to work or move around like we did previously to get things
done. Our inactive lifestyle and lack of physical activities can be partly attributed to the over-dependence on
smartphones. This is especially true for the younger generation, who are constantly glued to their cell phones.
Cell phone addiction is having a negative impact on our lives. Care needs to be taken to deal with this issue in
an effective way.
Page 46 of 65
Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. In the past, mobile phones were used only for communication among people.
2. Modern cell phones are capable of much more than just making phone calls.
3. Smartphones make Communications with people quite easier.
4. Smartphone users, however, can’t send and recieve emails on their phones.
5. Despite all the positive benefits of smartphones, there are also negative side effects.
6. Today we don’t have to go to work because we have the whole world at our fingertips.
7. Only young people are now addicted to their mobile phones.

X. Write the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first one. Use the words
given.
1. Because of the bad weather, the plane couldn’t touch down. (IMPOSSIPLE)
Bad weather made it
2. My brother likes Science fiction books very much. (FOND)
My brother
3. ‘I’ve already see the New-Tech Exhibition.” (SAID)
Peter
4. “The plane will be leaving in thirty-five minutes.” (ANNOUNCED)
They
5. A robot will easily handled all household chores in the near future. (BE)
All household chores
6. Thomas Edison established his first laboratory facility in 1876. (UP)
Thomas Edison
7. “What about going to the Science and Technology Fair?” Mark said to me. (SHOULD)
Mark
8. Don’t waste time persuading him to go with us. (WORTH)
It’s
9. Why has no One thought of a way to make aircraft quieter? (COME)
Why
10. We arrived at the cinema, but the film had finished. (TIME)
By

Page 47 of 65
 PRACTICE TEST 28
Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate
the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6:
PLAN YOUR NEXT VACATION
Dreaming of a perfect vacation? Look no further! Our travel agency offers (1)_____ vacation packages
tailored to your needs. Whether you want to relax on a tropical beach, (2)_____ ancient ruins, or
experience a bustling city, we have the perfect trip for you. Our packages include flights,
accommodation, and guided tours to make sure you have an unforgettable experience. With our easy
booking system, you can plan your dream vacation in just a few clicks. Don't miss (3)_____, start
planning today and (4)_____ exclusive deals on top destinations. Vacations have never been (5) _____!
Book now and (6) _____ the world with us.
Question 1: A. customizable B. customizes C. customize D. customizing
Question 2: A. learning B. exploring C. seeing D. going
Question 3: A. with B. at C. in D. out
Question 4: A. recharge B. get C. sell D. lose
Question 5: A. easier B. easy C. the easiest D. most easy
Question 6: A. experience B. begin C. explore D. know
Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.
Improving Focus and Concentration
Want to sharpen your focus and be more productive? These strategies can help you stay on track.
Challenges: It's estimated that 60% of people (7)_____ with distractions during the day, which affects
their ability to concentrate on important tasks.
Proven Techniques:
• Limit distractions! Turn off notifications and (8)_____ a quiet space to work in.
• Break tasks into smaller parts! This method helps maintain (9)_____ focus and prevents burnout.
• Take regular breaks! (10)_____ working non-stop for hours, allow yourself short breaks to
recharge and (11)_____ your mental energy.
• Get enough sleep! A well-rested mind is better able to focus and handle daily (12)_____.
Question 7: A. agree B. fight C. struggle D. manage
Question 8: A. explore B. create C. organize D. provide
Question 9: A. weak B. distracted C. minimal D. strong
Question 10: A. Together with B. Rather than C. While D. On account of
Question 11: A. refresh B. reduce C. drain D. control
Question 12. A. meals B. breaks C. tasks D. news
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or
sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.
Question 13. a. John: Really? I’ve been meaning to watch it this weekend.
b. John: Hey, Mike! Have you seen the new movie that came out last week?
c. Mike: Hi, John! Yes, I saw it yesterday. It was incredible!
A. a-b-c B. b-c-a. C. a-c-b D. b-a-c
Question 14. a. Jake: That’s awesome! What kind of dishes are you learning?
b. Sarah: I’m starting with simple recipes like pasta and soups.
c. Sarah: I’ve been learning how to cook recently.
d. Jake: That sounds delicious!
e. Sarah: Yeah, it’s been fun experimenting with new ingredients.
A. a-b-c-d-e B. c-a-b-e-d C. a-d-c-b-e D. c-a-b-d-e
Question 15. Hi Claire,
a. It was such a fantastic read!
b. I finished it in just a few days because I couldn’t put it down.

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 c. I just wanted to thank you for recommending that book to me.
d. Hope to chat soon.
e. Let me know if you have any more suggestions like that!
A. c-a-b-e-d. B. a-c-b-d-e C. a-b-d-c-e D. C- a-d-b-e
Question 16. a. This simple habit has made a huge difference in how I feel.
b. It’s a great way to stay focused and calm throughout the day.
c. Practicing mindfulness has helped me reduce stress.
d. I try to take at least 10 minutes every day to meditate.
e. I highly recommend it to anyone looking to improve their mental well-being.
A. c-d-b-a-e. B. b-a-c-d-e C. a-c-b-d-e D. c-e-a-b-d
Question 17. a. Many residents have already signed up and started using the service.
b. It’s a great step towards making the city greener and more sustainable.
c. The city has launched a new bike-sharing program to reduce traffic congestion.
d. People can now rent bikes from different stations around the city.
e. This initiative aims to promote eco-friendly transportation.
A. d-e-a-b-c B. b-d-e-a-c C. c-d-a-e-b. D. a-b-d-c-e
Read the following passage about urbanization and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer
sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.
Urbanization, the process of increasing urban population and the expansion of urban areas, is a
significant global trend. (18) _________. As more and more people migrate to cities in search of
opportunities, urban centers are growing at an unprecedented rate.
Urbanization can bring numerous benefits, such as economic growth, cultural exchange, and access to
education and healthcare. (19) _________. Cities can serve as hubs of innovation, attracting talented
individuals and fostering creativity.
However, rapid urbanization also presents challenges, including overcrowding, pollution, and social
inequality. (20) _________. Inadequate infrastructure, such as transportation and sanitation systems,
can strain urban resources.
To address these challenges, sustainable urban planning is essential. (21) _________. By creating green
spaces, promoting public transportation, and investing in renewable energy, cities can reduce their
environmental impact and improve the quality of life for their residents.
Ultimately, the success of urbanization depends on our ability to balance economic growth with social
and environmental sustainability. (22) _________. By adopting sustainable practices and prioritizing
the well-being of urban dwellers, we can shape cities that are both vibrant and resilient.
Question 18. A. However, urbanization can also lead to negative consequences.
B. Urbanization is a natural process that has been occurring for centuries.
C. Many people are moving from rural to urban areas.
D. Cities are becoming increasingly diverse.
Question 19. A. Cities can provide a wide range of opportunities for individuals.
B. Urbanization can lead to social isolation and loneliness.
C. Cities can be overcrowded and stressful.
D. Urbanization can contribute to climate change.
Question 20. A. Urbanization can lead to increased economic inequality.
B. Cities are often centers of culture and innovation.
C. Urbanization can improve access to education and healthcare.
D. Urbanization can reduce poverty and inequality.
Question 21. A. Urban planners should prioritize economic growth.
B. Cities should focus on attracting foreign investment.
C. Urban planners should consider the environmental and social impacts of
development.
D. Cities should promote car ownership to improve mobility.

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Question 22. A. By embracing technology, cities can become more efficient and sustainable.
B. Cities should focus on attracting businesses and industries.
C. Urbanization is inevitable and should be embraced.
D. Cities should prioritize economic growth over environmental sustainability.

Read the following passage about artificial intelligence and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your
answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are
programmed to think and learn like humans. AI has become an integral part of modern technology,
impacting various sectors such as healthcare, finance, education, and transportation. By analyzing vast
amounts of data, AI systems can identify patterns, make decisions, and even predict future outcomes.
These capabilities make AI a powerful tool for solving complex problems and improving efficiency.
One of the most significant applications of AI is in healthcare. AI algorithms can analyze medical data
to assist in diagnosing diseases, recommending treatments, and predicting patient outcomes. This can
lead to more accurate diagnoses and personalized treatment plans, ultimately improving patient care.
Additionally, AI-powered robots can perform surgeries with precision and consistency, reducing the
risk of human error.
In the financial sector, AI is used for fraud detection, risk management, and algorithmic trading. By
analyzing transaction patterns and identifying anomalies, AI systems can detect fraudulent activities in
real-time, protecting both consumers and financial institutions. AI also enables more effective risk
management by predicting market trends and potential risks, allowing businesses to make informed
decisions.
Education is another area where AI is making a significant impact. AI-powered educational tools can
provide personalized learning experiences, adapting to the needs and learning styles of individual
students. This can enhance student engagement and improve learning outcomes. Moreover, AI can
automate administrative tasks, allowing educators to focus more on teaching and less on paperwork.
Despite its many benefits, AI also poses several challenges. Ethical concerns arise regarding data
privacy, algorithmic bias, and the potential for job displacement. As AI systems become more prevalent,
it is crucial to address these issues and ensure that AI is developed and implemented responsibly.

Question 23.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a sector impacted by AI?

A. Healthcare B. Finance C. Education D. Agriculture
Question 24. The word "integral" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to:
A. unnecessary B. essential C. optional D. separate
Question 25. The word where" in paragraph 2 refers to:
A. medical data B. education
C. healthcare D. patient care
Question 26. The word "anomalies" in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by:
A. errors B. patterns C. transactions D. uncertainties
Question 27.Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
A. AI in education is limited to administrative tasks.
B. AI tools provide the same learning experience for all students.
C. Personalized learning with AI adapts to individual student needs.
D. AI in education does not affect student engagement.

Question 28. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. AI-powered robots are not used in surgeries.
B. AI can help detect fraudulent activities in real-time.
C. AI has no impact on risk management in finance.
D. AI is not beneficial in the education sector.

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Question 29. In which paragraph does the writer mention ethical concerns related to AI?
A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 4 D. Paragraph 5
Question 30. In which paragraph does the writer explore the impact of AI on healthcare?
A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 4

Read the following passage about the benefits and limitations of renewable energy and mark the
letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions
from 31 to 40.
[I] Renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, have gained global
popularity as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. [II] Unlike coal and oil, renewable energy
generates electricity without releasing harmful emissions, making it a cleaner option for the
environment (Jacobson et al., 2017). [III] However, despite the advantages of renewable energy, there
are still notable challenges that need to be addressed for it to fully replace traditional energy sources
(Ellabban et al., 2014). [IV]
One major advantage of renewable energy is its sustainability. Renewable resources, unlike fossil fuels,
are naturally replenished and do not deplete over time. For instance, solar power harnesses energy from
sunlight, which is virtually endless. In addition, renewable energy contributes to reducing greenhouse
gas emissions, which helps combat climate change. Many countries are increasingly investing in
renewable technologies to decrease their carbon footprint and meet international climate goals.
However, renewable energy has certain limitations. One significant issue is its intermittent nature; for
example, solar and wind power depend on weather conditions, making it difficult to generate a
consistent power supply. This variability can disrupt the energy grid, which relies on a steady supply of
electricity to meet demand. Another challenge is the high initial cost of setting up renewable energy
facilities. Although prices have decreased in recent years, installing solar panels or wind turbines still
requires substantial upfront investment (IRENA, 2019).
Despite these challenges, advancements in technology are gradually making renewable energy more
efficient and accessible. Improved energy storage systems, such as batteries, allow excess power
generated during favorable conditions to be stored and used later, ensuring a more reliable energy
supply. As technology and infrastructure improve, renewable energy may eventually be made possible.

Question 31. Where in paragraph I does the following sentence best fit?
These sources of energy have numerous environmental and economic benefits.
A. [I] B. [II] C. [III] D. [IV]
Question 32. The phrase "virtually endless" in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by ____.
A. limited B. infinite C. renewable D. temporary
Question 33. The word "it" in paragraph 1 refers to ____.
A. fossil fuels B. the environment C. renewable energy D. electricity
Question 34. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT an advantage of renewable
energy?
A. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions B. Decreasing dependency on fossil fuels
C. Maintaining a steady energy supply D. Contributing to climate change goals
Question 35. Which of the following best summarizes paragraph 3?
A. Renewable energy can fully replace fossil fuels without any major challenges.
B. Renewable energy is limited by inconsistent supply and high installation costs.
C. Renewable energy is currently too expensive to implement globally.
D. Renewable energy sources are reliable and cost-effective for all countries.
Question 36. The word "intermittent" in paragraph 3 is CLOSEST in meaning to ____.
A. irregular B. constant C. continuous D. beneficial
Question 37. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

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A. Renewable energy produces harmful emissions like fossil fuels.
B. Solar power is a reliable energy source regardless of weather conditions.
C. Renewable energy is increasingly viable thanks to technological advances.
D. Fossil fuels are a more sustainable energy source than renewable energy.
Question 38. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
A. Technology makes it harder to store energy produced during unfavorable conditions.
B. Technological improvements enhance the reliability and accessibility of renewable energy.
C. Technological advancements increase the cost and complexity of renewable energy.
D. Technology is not crucial for the global adoption of renewable energy.
Question 39. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Fossil fuels will remain the primary energy source indefinitely.
B. Renewable energy is unlikely to become widely adopted due to its limitations.
C. With better storage solutions, renewable energy could become a consistent power source.
D. Renewable energy is currently more economical than fossil fuels for all applications.
Question 40. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?
A. Renewable energy is a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels with benefits for the environment,
though it faces challenges like inconsistency and setup costs.
B. Renewable energy is replacing fossil fuels rapidly with no significant challenges.
C. Renewable energy sources are only useful in certain climates where resources are available.
D. The environmental impact of renewable energy is negligible, and it is readily available.

PRACTICE TEST 29
Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate
the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6:
DISCOVER HEALTHY EATING
Want to eat better but don’t know where to start? Our healthy eating app (1)_____ you with recipes,
meal plans, and shopping lists that are easy to follow. Whether you’re (2)_____ to lose weight, gain
muscle, or just improve your overall well-being, we’ve got you covered. You can customize your meals
based on your dietary preferences, and all our recipes (3)_____ natural, whole foods. Start today and
see how (4)_____ a few small changes can make a big difference. Sign (5)_____ for free, and gain
access to hundreds of healthy recipes. Eating well has never been (6)_____!
Question 1: A. guides B. guided C. had guided D. has guided
Question 2: A. teaching B. being C. kissing D. hoping
Question 3: A. uses B. using C. use D. used
Question 4: A. exciting B. confusing C. easy D. difficult
Question 5: A. off B. with C. up D. on
Question 6: A. simple B. simplest C. simpler D. more simple
Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.
Stress Management Tips
Feeling overwhelmed? Managing stress is crucial for maintaining both mental and physical health.
Stress Facts: Did you know that over 50% of people (7)_____ from high levels of stress? Chronic
stress can affect your overall well-being and lead to fatigue.
Steps to Manage Stress:
• Practice deep breathing! This simple technique can (8)_____ calmness and lower anxiety.
• Stay active! Exercise helps reduce stress by releasing endorphins and boosting (9)_____ mood.
• Get organized! (10)_____ letting stress build up, manage your time and tasks effectively to
(11)_____ feeling overwhelmed.
• Seek support! Talk to friends or a counselor if you're feeling (12)_____ by stress.
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Question 7. A. suffer B. enjoy C. recover D. lower
Question 8. A. protect B. promote C. avoid D. decrease
Question 9. A. overall B. temporary C. low D. minimal
Question 10. A. On account of B. Despite C. Instead of D. Due to
Question 11. A. avoid B. beg C. delay D. postpone
Question 12. A. defeated B. distracted C. relieved D. relaxed
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or
sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.
Question 13. a. James: Hi, Lily! I’ve been doing great, just got a new job recently.
b. Lily: Hi, James! How have you been?
c. Lily: Really? That’s awesome! What are you doing now?
A. a-b-c B. b-a-c C. a-c-b D. c-b-a
Question 14. a. Tom: That’s a wonderful idea! Have you thought about what kind of pet you want?
b. Jane: I’m thinking about adopting a pet.
c. Tom: Dogs are great companions!
d. Jane: Yes, I think they’ll fit perfectly with my lifestyle.
e. Jane: I’m leaning towards adopting a dog.
A. a-b-c-d-e B: b-a-e-c-d. C. a-d-c-b-e D. a-b-d-c-e
Question 15. Hi Alex,
a. I feel much more confident about presenting it now.
b. I hope we can work together again in the future!
c. Let me know if you’re available for another collaboration soon.
d. Thanks so much for your help with the project last week.
e. Your suggestions really improved the final outcome.
A. a-b-c-d-e B. a-c-b-d-e C. d-e-a-b-c. D. a-d-b-c-e
Question 16. a. I usually start by writing down the most important tasks in the morning.
b. This helps me prioritize and avoid procrastination.
c. Planning ahead is key to staying organized throughout the day.
d. By doing so, I can ensure that I meet deadlines without feeling overwhelmed.
e. It’s a habit that has made me more efficient at work and in life.
A. a-b-c-d-e B. a-d-b-c-e C. c-a-b-d-e. D. b-a-c-d-e
Question 17. a. The town recently installed new solar-powered streetlights.
b. Residents have also expressed positive feedback about the brighter streets at night.
c. Overall, it’s a great step towards sustainability.
d. These lights are more energy-efficient and reduce the town’s electricity bill.
e. The local government hopes this initiative will encourage other cities to follow suit.
A. a-b-d-e-c B. a-b-c-d-e C. a-d-c-b-e D. a-d-b-e-c.
Read the following passage about language learning and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your
answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.
Learning a new language can be a transformative experience, opening doors to new cultures and
perspectives. (18) _________. It enhances cognitive skills and increases career opportunities. The
process of acquiring a new language also helps individuals understand and appreciate the nuances of
different cultures. (19) _________. This cultural insight fosters empathy and broadens one’s worldview.
One of the most significant benefits of language learning is its impact on communication. (20)
_________. Language learners can connect with people from diverse backgrounds, facilitating
friendships and professional relationships. This exchange of ideas enriches our lives and promotes a
more inclusive society.
To succeed in language learning, consistency and practice are key. (21) _________. Engaging with
native speakers, consuming media in the target language, and practicing speaking can accelerate

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proficiency. Language learning is not just about memorizing vocabulary; it’s about immersing oneself
in the language.
Finally, sharing the knowledge gained through language learning can empower others. (22) _________.
By teaching what we've learned, we contribute to a community of learners and foster a culture of
understanding and collaboration.
Question 18. A. Language learning is often tedious.
B. Learning a language can be beneficial.
C. Only children can learn new languages.
D. Language skills are overrated.
Question 19. A. Understanding cultures is unnecessary.
B. Cultural knowledge can hinder communication.
C. Language learning promotes cultural understanding.
D. Culture is irrelevant to language learning.
Question 20. A. Language learning isolates individuals.
B. Communication skills are not affected by language learning.
C. Language learning can enhance interpersonal communication.
D. Learning a language is a solitary process.
Question 21. A. Consistent practice is essential for language learning.
B. Language learners should avoid native speakers.
C. Practicing in isolation is effective.
D. Memorizing vocabulary is the only requirement.
Question 22. A. Sharing knowledge hinders language acquisition.
B. Teaching others can strengthen our own skills.
C. Language skills are only for personal use.
D. Only experts can share their knowledge.
Read the following passage about green living and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer
sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30
Green living refers to a lifestyle that promotes sustainability and environmental consciousness. This
way of life encourages individuals to make choices that reduce their carbon footprint and conserve
natural resources. Practices such as recycling, using renewable energy sources, and reducing waste are
fundamental aspects of green living. By adopting these practices, individuals can contribute to the
preservation of the environment and promote a healthier planet for future generations.
One significant component of green living is the use of renewable energy sources. Solar, wind, and
hydroelectric power are examples of renewable energy that can replace fossil fuels. Using renewable
energy reduces greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on non-renewable resources. Additionally,
renewable energy sources are often more sustainable and have less impact on the environment.
Another important aspect of green living is sustainable consumption. This involves choosing products
that are environmentally friendly and responsibly sourced. For example, buying locally produced food
reduces the carbon footprint associated with transportation. Moreover, opting for products made from
recycled materials helps conserve resources and reduce waste.
Green living also emphasizes the importance of conserving water and energy. Simple actions such as
turning off lights when not in use, fixing leaks, and using energy-efficient appliances can significantly
reduce energy and water consumption. These practices not only benefit the environment but also save
money on utility bills.
Education and awareness play a crucial role in promoting green living. By educating individuals about
the benefits of sustainable practices and how to implement them, communities can foster a culture of
environmental responsibility. Awareness campaigns, workshops, and educational programs are effective
ways to encourage people to adopt green living practices.
Question 23. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a practice of green living?
A. Recycling B. Using renewable energy C. Reducing waste D. Driving more

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Question 24. The word "renewable" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to:
A. finite B. endless C. temporary D. limited
Question 25. The word " them" in paragraph 5 refers to:
A. sustainable practices B. non-renewable resources
C. renewable energy sources D. greenhouse gas emissions
Question 26. The word "conserve" in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by:
A. save B. waste C. deplete D. increase
Question 27. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
A. Conserving water and energy is not important.
B. Simple actions can lead to significant reductions in consumption.
C. Turning off lights has no impact on energy consumption.
D. Fixing leaks is the only way to conserve water.
Question 28. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Renewable energy sources are less sustainable than fossil fuels.
B. Sustainable consumption involves choosing environmentally friendly products.
C. Green living does not emphasize water conservation.
D. Education has no role in promoting green living.
Question 29. In which paragraph does the writer mention the economic benefits of green living
practices?
A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 4
Question 30. In which paragraph does the writer explore the role of education in green living?
A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 5
Read the following passage about the benefits and challenges of remote work and mark the letter A,
B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from
31 to 40.
[I] The rise of remote work has transformed the modern workplace, offering flexibility and a
better work-life balance for employees around the world (Bloom et al., 2015). [II] This trend,
accelerated by technological advancements and the COVID-19 pandemic, allows employees to work
from home or any location with internet access (Gajendran & Harrison, 2007). [III] While remote work
provides numerous benefits, it also presents challenges that organizations and employees must address
to remain productive and engaged. [IV]
One of the main benefits of remote work is increased flexibility. Employees can manage their time
more effectively, which often leads to higher job satisfaction and reduced stress. Furthermore, remote
work eliminates the need for daily commutes, saving time and reducing transportation expenses. Many
employees report feeling more empowered to control their schedules, allowing them to better balance
personal and professional responsibilities.
However, remote work also comes with significant challenges. Isolation is a common issue, as
employees miss out on face-to-face interactions and team bonding, which are important for mental well-
being and collaboration. Studies have shown that prolonged isolation can lead to feelings of loneliness,
reducing job satisfaction and affecting mental health (Ozcelik & Barsade, 2018). Additionally, remote
workers may struggle to maintain boundaries between work and personal life, leading to overwork and
burnout.
To make remote work successful, companies need to implement strategies that support employee well-
being and productivity. Providing tools for virtual collaboration, setting clear work-life boundaries, and
encouraging regular team check-ins can help mitigate the challenges of remote work. By balancing
flexibility with structured support, organizations can create a sustainable remote work environment that
benefits both employers and employees (Larson & DeChurch, 2020).
(Adapted from Remote Work and Employee Well-being by Bloom, Ozcelik, and others)
Question 31. Where in paragraph I does the following sentence best fit?
Remote work has become more popular due to advancements in digital communication tools.

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A. [I] B. [II] C. [III] D. [IV]
Question 32. The phrase "work-life balance" in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by ____.
A. career advancement B. professional success
C. equilibrium between work and personal life D. job security
Question 33. The word "their" in paragraph 2 refers to ____.
A. employees B. responsibilities C. schedules D. expenses
Question 34. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT a benefit of remote work?
A. Increased flexibility B. Higher transportation costs
C. Improved work-life balance D. Reduced stress
Question 35. Which of the following best summarizes paragraph 3?
A. Remote work challenges employees with isolation and blurred boundaries, leading to potential
overwork and mental health concerns.
B. The advantages of remote work significantly outweigh any challenges employees might face.
C. Isolation is easily managed by virtual collaboration tools in a remote work setting.
D. Remote work eliminates work-related stress and improves collaboration.
Question 36. The word "mitigate" in paragraph 4 is CLOSEST in meaning to ____.
A. worsen B. intensify C. reduce D. acknowledge
Question 37. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Remote work reduces social interactions, which can lead to feelings of loneliness.
B. Daily commuting is essential for remote workers to maintain productivity.
C. Companies are not responsible for supporting remote employees' well-being.
D. Remote work always leads to overwork and burnout.
Question 38. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
A. Companies must avoid setting boundaries for employees' work-life balance.
B. Employers should support remote work by providing resources and encouraging a structured
environment.
C. Employees need minimal guidance from companies to manage remote work challenges.
D. Employers should prevent remote employees from accessing collaboration tools.
Question 39. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Remote work completely eliminates the need for personal life boundaries.
B. The lack of face-to-face interaction is a minor issue in remote work.
C. Effective remote work requires a combination of flexibility and organizational support.
D. Remote work only benefits employees, not organizations.
Question 40. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?
A. Remote work offers flexibility and convenience but can cause isolation and work-life imbalance,
which companies must address to ensure employee well-being.
B. Remote work requires employees to spend more time commuting to improve productivity.
C. Companies benefit from remote work as employees are more isolated and less engaged.
D. Remote work allows complete freedom for employees without any challenges.

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PRACTICE TEST 30

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