A REPORT OF

Practical Crop Production-II (Rabi crops) (BAGC 0136)

Course Credits: 2(0+2) Semester: 6th

(GROUP – 05)

Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Bachelor of Science (Hons.) Agriculture

Session 2024 - 2025

GLA UNIVERSITY

17km Stone, NH-2,

Mathura-Delhi Road Mathura,

Chaumuhan, Uttar Pradesh 281406

 Certificate

Certified that this is a bonafide record of practical work done by

Mr. Aditya Bhadana Univ. R. No. 2270110005
in B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture degree programme, entitled “Practical
Crop Production-II (Rabi crops)” BAGC 0136 during 6th semester of
the academic year 2024-25.

Date: Faculty in-charge:

 Certificate

Certified that this is a bonafide record of practical work done by

Ms. Chetan Chaudhary Univ. R. No. 2270110020
in B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture degree programme, entitled “Practical
Crop Production-II (Rabi crops)” BAGC 0136 during 6th semester of
the academic year 2024-25.

Date: Faculty in-charge:

 Certificate

Certified that this is a bonafide record of practical work done by

Mr. Dharmesh Kumar Univ. R. No. 2270110023
in B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture degree programme, entitled “Practical
Crop Production-II (Rabi crops)” BAGC 0136 during 6th semester of
the academic year 2024-25.

Date: Faculty in-charge:

 Certificate

Certified that this is a bonafide record of practical work done by

Mr. Dimple Rawat Univ. R. No. 2270110025
in B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture degree programme, entitled “Practical
Crop Production-II (Rabi crops)” BAGC 0136 during 6th semester of
the academic year 2024-25.

Date: Faculty in-charge:

 Certificate

Certified that this is a bonafide record of practical work done by

Mr. Kushal Pratap singh Univ. R. No. 2270110038
in B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture degree programme, entitled “Practical
Crop Production-II (Rabi crops)” BAGC 0136 during 6th semester of
the academic year 2024-25.

Date: Faculty in-charge:

 Certificate

Certified that this is a bonafide record of practical work done by

Mr. Manish singh sisodia Univ. R. No. 2270110039
in B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture degree programme, entitled “Practical
Crop Production-II (Rabi crops)” BAGC 0136 during 6th semester of
the academic year 2024-25.

Date: Faculty in-charge:

 Certificate

Certified that this is a bonafide record of practical work done by

Mr. Nischay gupta Univ. R. No. 22701100
in B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture degree programme, entitled “Practical
Crop Production-II (Rabi crops)” BAGC 0136 during 6th semester of
the academic year 2024-25.

Date: Faculty in-charge:

 Certificate

Certified that this is a bonafide record of practical work done by

Mr. Puneet kumar Univ. R. No. 2270110053
in B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture degree programme, entitled “Practical
Crop Production-II (Rabi crops)” BAGC 0136 during 6th semester of
the academic year 2024-25.

Date: Faculty in-charge:

 Certificate

Certified that this is a bonafide record of practical work done by

Mr. Raj mittal Univ. R. No. 2270110055
in B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture degree programme, entitled “Practical
Crop Production-II (Rabi crops)” BAGC 0136 during 6th semester of
the academic year 2024-25.

Date: Faculty in-charge:

 Certificate

Certified that this is a bonafide record of practical work done by

Mr. Shivam Univ. R. No. 2270110065
in B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture degree programme, entitled “Practical
Crop Production-II (Rabi crops)” BAGC 0136 during 6th semester of
the academic year 2024-25.

Date: Faculty in-charge:

 Certificate

Certified that this is a bonafide record of practical work done by

Mr. Vikash Yadav Univ. R. No. 2270110079
in B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture degree programme, entitled “Practical
Crop Production-II (Rabi crops)” BAGC 0136 during 6th semester of
the academic year 2024-25.

Date: Faculty in-charge:

 List of exercises

Sl. No. Date of Date of Title Signature

experiment submission

1 Field preparation and

sowing

2 Nutrients management

3 Weeds management

4 Water management

5 Management of
insect-pests and
diseases
6 Harvesting and yield

7 Marketing of produce

8 Cost of cultivation, net

returns per student of a
group
 Exercise No. 1
FIELD PREPARATION & SOWING

Aim
To study about field preparation and sowing of wheat crop.

Materials used
Tractor, spade, hand hoe, seed.

Field preparation
Ploughing of field was done 2–3 times to a depth of 15–20 cm to break clods and ensure a fine tilth.
After ploughing, rotavator was used to break soil lumps and level the field.

Field preparation was done on 8 november, 2024.(fig.1)

Seed sowing
Sowing was done on 10 nov,2024(Fig.2 in some glimpse).
Broadcasting method was used for sowing seeds.

Seed rate: For irrigated 100 kg/ha (for 1000 m² field, amount of seed used was 10 kg).

Used variety
 HD2967
 Germination (Min.) : 85%
 Pure seed (Min.) : 99 %
 Genetic Purity (Min.) : 98%

Date: Faculty in-charge:

 Exercise No. 2
NUTRIENTS MANAGEMENT

Aim
To study about nutrient management in wheat crop.

Materials used
Fertilizers, manure, weighing balance, note book and pen.

Method of application of solid fertilizer materials

Broadcasting: Evenly spreading of dry solid fertilizers over the entire field before, at the same time or after
sowing of the crop is termed as broadcasting. This method proves effective when the plant roots can
absorb nutrient from whole volume of soil, when soil is rich in fertility, when large amount of material is
to be used.
Area: 1000 m²
Nano DAP :200ml
Urea applied: 8 kg

Date: Faculty in-charge:

 Exercise No. 3
WEEDS MANAGEMENT

Aim
To study about weed identification and their proper management in wheat crop.

Materials used
Spade, khurpi.

Weed control
Two weedings were done, according to weed infestation. Initial weeding was done on 4 jan, 2025, as it
was is crucial to remove early weed competition. Then frequent hand weeding was done at every 25 to
30 days interval . Phalaris minor and Chenopodium album were the prominant weed found in
the field. Management of all the weeds was done manually .

Date: Faculty in-charge:

 Exercise No. 4
WATER MANAGEMENT

Aim
To study the method of irrigation to be used for wheat crop.

Material used
Submersible pump, irrigation pipe, spade.

First irrigation was done after 16 days of sowing (06 dec, 2024) before the crown root initiation stage
and second after 83 days from sowing, i.e. (01 feb, 2025) before at jointing stage ( in some glimpse).

Only two irrigation was done because of heavy rainfall during other irrigation requirements.

Flood irrigation method was used for irrigation.

Date: Faculty in-charge:

 Exercise No. 5
MANAGEMENT OF INSECT-PESTS AND DISEASES

Aim
To study about insect pests and diseases their management in wheat crop.

Pest occurred during cultivation of sunflower crop

No pest occurrence or damage was seen during cultivation period.

Brown rust(leaf rust) was seen in the field after the grain formation,In some plants.
[email protected]/ha or [email protected]% is recommonded for the management of brown rust.
But as the grains were developed already show disease would not affect the yield .therefore no
management was applied

Date: Faculty in-charge:

 Exercise No. 6
HARVESTING AND YIELD

Aim
To study about harvesting and calculation of yield in wheat crop.

Materials used
Bag, weight balance.

Procedure
Harvesting was done when the moisture content of the plant become 8-10% and the crop colour changes
to amber colour and flag leaves and straw become dry.

Harvesting was done manually

Observations
Sl. No. Name of the crop Area in m² Yield (kg)
1 wheat 1000

Overall economic yield was kg in 262.5 m² (biological yield was kg).

Date: Faculty in-charge:

 Exercise No. 7
MARKETING OF PRODUCE

Aim
To know the marketing of produce of wheat crop.

Farmers producing agricultural produce are scattered in remote villages while consumers are in semi-
urban and urban areas. This produce has to reach consumers for its final use and consumption. There are
different agencies and functionaries through which this produce passes and reaches the consumer thus
marketing channel can be defined as the routes through which agricultural products moves from
producers to consumers. The length of the channel varies from commodity to commodity, depending on
the quantity to be moved, the form of consumer demand and degree of regional specialization in
production.

Factors affecting channels: There are several channels of distribution depending upon type of produce
or commodity. Each commodity group has slightly different channel. The factors are: 1. Perishable nature
of produce e.g. fruits, vegetables, flowers, milk, meat, etc.

2. Storage facilities.
3. Weak or strong marketing agency.
4. Distance between producer and consumer, whether local market or distant market. 5.
Standardization and grading problems.

Types of market channels:

Some of the common marketing channels for wheat

crop:
1. producer→Consumer
2. producer→village merchant→consumer

3. producer→retailer→consumer
4. producer→primary wholeseller→secondary wholeseller→retailer→Consumer

Date: Faculty in-charge:

 Exercise No. 8
COST OF CULTIVATION, NET RETURNS PER STUDENT OF A GROUP

Aim
To study the economics is an important component of all agricultural exercise.

Materials used
Notebook and pen or pencil

Cost of cultivation (Rs/1000m²)

The prices of the inputs that were prevailing at the time of their utilized for determining the cost of
cultivation which was given in rupees per hectare.

Gross return (Rs/1000 m²)

The model prices of crops prevailing in the market immediately after its harvest were used for the
calculation of gross returns.

Gross return = Yield × Market price

Net returns (Rs/1000 m²)

The net return per hectare was worked out by deducting the cost of cultivation from the gross return and
expressed in rupees per hectare.

Net return = Gross return - Cost of cultivation

Benefit cost ratio

In order to find out the economics of wheat cultivation, the cost of cultivation and the gross return of all
the treatments were worked out separately, from which the net return was obtained. Dividing this net
return by cost of cultivation, we obtained the benefit cost ratio.
Benefit cost ratio = Gross return / Cost of cultivation

Sl. No. Particulars Expenditure (In Rs.)

1 Field preparation 400
2 Seed 675
3 Nutrients management 380
4 Weeds management 600
5 Water management 200
6 Management on insect pest and disease
7 Harvesting
8 Marketing
Total cost

Cost of cultivation (Rs/1000 m²) =

Gross return (Rs/1000 m²) =

Net return (Rs/1000 m²) =

Benefit cost ratio =

Date: Faculty in-charge:

 WORKING HOURS

Sl. Group members Field Nutrients Weed Water Harvesting Total Total duration

No. name preparation manag. manag. and including the

and sowing insect cultivation of

pest & chickpea

disease (Crop failure)

manag.

1 Abhishek Pratap 3 0 4 3 18

Singh

2 Akanksha Rawal 3 0 4 3 18

3 Anuj Chaudhary 3 0 2 3 18

4 Ayush Raj 3 0 4 3 16

5 Jitendra Tyagi 3 0 4 3 16

6 Khushal Fauzdar 3 1 4 5 18

7 Kunal Pratap 0 0 2 2 16

Singh

8 Mohit 3 0 2 2 16

Chaudhary

9 Rahul Sorout 0 0 2 3 18

10 Ravinder Kumar 3 0 2* * 18

11 Rohit Kumar 3 0 2 3 16

12 Tushant 3 0 4 3 18

* denotes that the student was not present as he was on internship.

Date: Faculty in-charge:

 SOME GLIMPSE

Fig.1 Sowing of sunflower seeds

Fig.2 Fertilizer application

 Fig.3.1 First weeding

Fig.3.2 Second weeding

Fig.3.3 Common weeds that occurred

Fig.4.1 First irrigation

 Fig.4.2 Second irrigation

Fig.5 Common insects that occurred