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Tutorial 2

This tutorial covers the analysis of uniaxial bars and two-dimensional elements in the context of the Finite Element Method. It includes determining strain energy density and energy in terms of displacements, transforming triangular elements to natural coordinates, and deriving displacement and shape functions for quadrilateral elements. The tutorial emphasizes matrix representations and plotting shape functions under natural coordinate systems.

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2 views2 pages

Tutorial 2

This tutorial covers the analysis of uniaxial bars and two-dimensional elements in the context of the Finite Element Method. It includes determining strain energy density and energy in terms of displacements, transforming triangular elements to natural coordinates, and deriving displacement and shape functions for quadrilateral elements. The tutorial emphasizes matrix representations and plotting shape functions under natural coordinate systems.

Uploaded by

ankti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tutorial – 2: Basis Functions and Shape Functions

Course: Finite Element Method (NCEC509)


Department of Civil Engineering
IIT (ISM) Dhanbad

1. Consider a uniaxial bar of length L, constant cross-section area A, and Young’s modulus
E. Suppose that the axial displacement u(x) is expressed in terms of the end
displacements u1 and u2 along the length of the member as,

Determine the strain energy density and strain energy in terms of (a) displacement u,
(b) end displacements u1 and u2 and (c) represent the expressions for strain energy
density and strain energy stored in matrix forms.

2. The transformation of a two-dimensional linear triangular element from a global to the


natural coordinate system leads to a right-angle triangle, as shown in Fig. 1. The natural
coordinate system is defined by the three nodes of the triangular element, with
coordinates (ξ, η) ranging from 0 to 1. Determine the displacement and shape functions
within the transformed element.

Fig.1. Co-ordinate transformation of an element.

3. Consider the two-dimensional linear quadrilateral elements shown in Fig. 2(a) and 2(b)
respectively. Assuming the displacement in the element domain governs a linear
approximation function,

(a) Determine the displacement function and shape function matrix within the domain
separately for each 4-node element (b) Plot all shape functions under natural co-
ordinate systems, and (c) Find the strain matrix within the domain for both the elements
by assuming plane strain condition.
Fig.2(a). Rectangular element Fig.2(b). Rectangular element in
in global co-ordinate system. natural co-ordinate system.

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