Probability

MATHEMATICAL REASONING 5. The king, queen and jack of clubs are

removed from a deck of 52 playing cards and
1. Find the probability of getting 53 Fridays in a then well-shuffled. One card is selected from
leap year. the remaining cards. The probability of
3 getting a club is ___.
(a) 13 10
7 (a) (b)
4 49 49
(b) 3 1
7 (c) (d)
2 49 49
(c)
7
6. Two dice are thrown at a time. The
5
(d) probability that the difference of the numbers
7 shown on the dice is 1 is ___.
5 1
2. There are 100 cards in a bag on which (a) (b)
numbers from 1 to 100 are written. A card is
18 36
taken out from the bag at random. Find the 1 1
(c) (d)
probability that the number on the selected 6 18
card is divisible by 9 and is a perfect square.
9 7. Cards marked with numbers 13, 14,
(a) 15,........60 are placed in a box and mixed
100
1 thoroughly. One card is drawn at random
(b) from the box. Find the probability that
25 number on the drawn card is
7 (i) divisible by 5.
(c)
100 (ii) a number which is a perfect square.
3 (i) (ii)
(d) 5 1
100 (a)
24 24
3. When two dice are thrown, the probability of 5 1
(b)
getting a number always greater than 4 on 24 12
the second dice is ___. 1 5
1 1 (c)
(a) (b) 12 12
6 3 (d) None of these
1 5
(c) (d)
36 36 8. A black die, a red die and a green die are
thrown at the same time. What is the
4. Three cards of spades are lost from a pack of probability that the sum of three numbers
52 playing cards. The remaining cards were that turn up is 15?
well shuffled and then a card was drawn at 11 5
(a) (b)
random from them. Find the probability that 216 108
the drawn cards is of black colour. 9 1
26 23 (c) (d) 12
(a) (b) 216 18
49 49
13 23
(c) (d)
26 52
9. A bag contains three green, four blue and two 14. A jar contains 54 marbles each of which is
orange marbles. If a marble is picked at blue, green or white. The probability of
random, then the probability that it is not an selecting a blue marble at random from the
orange marble, is ___. 1
1 1 jar is , and the probability of selecting a
(a) (b) 3
4 3 4
green marble at random is . .How many
4 7 9
(c) (d)
9 9 white marbles does the jar contain?
(a) 12 (b) 6
10. A bag contains 6 blue and 4 green marbles. (c) 9 (d) 11
If a marble is drawn at random from the bag,
the probability that the marble drawn is 15. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. The
green, is __. probability of getting a doublet or a total of 4
2 1 is ___.
(a) (b) 2 3
5 5 (a) (b)
4 1 9 7
(c) (d) 4 5
5 10 (c) (d)
9 9
11. Five cards-the ten, jack, queen, king and ace
of diamonds, are well-shuffled with their face EVERYDAY MATHEMATICS
downwards. If the queen is drawn and put
aside, one card is then picked up at random, 16. A game consists of tossing a one rupee coin
what is the probability that the second card three times and noting its outcome each time.
picked up is (i) a king and (ii) a queen? Hanif wins if all the tosses give the same
result, /'.e., three heads or three tails and
(i) (ii) loses otherwise. Calculate the probability that
(a) 1/4 0 Hanif will lose the game.
(b) 1/2 0 1
(a)
(c) 1/13 0 4
(d) 1/3 1/2 1
(b)
2
12. A letter is chosen at random from the letters
3
of the word 'ASSOCIATION'. Find the (c)
probability that the chosen letter is a vowel. 4
3 5 5
(a) (b) (d)
11 11 8
6 7
(c) (d) 17. 250 lottery tickets were sold and there are 5
11 11
prizes on these tickets. If Kunal has purchased
one lottery ticket, what is the probability that
13. One card is drawn from a well-shuffled deck
he wins a prize?
of 52 cards. The probability of drawing an
1 1
ace is ___. (a) (b)
1 1 50 125
(a) (b) 3 3
12 13 (c) (d)
1 3 125 50
(c) (d)
50 10

3
18. Two customers Shyam and Ekta are visiting ; 22. In the given figure. JKLM is a square with
a particular shop in the same week (Tuesday sides of length 6 units. Points A and B are the
to Saturday). Each is equally likely to visit mid-points of sides KL and LM respectively.
;the shop on any one day as on another. If a point is selected at random from the
What is the probability that both will visit the interior of the square. What is the probability
shop on different days? that the point will be chosen from the interior
3 4 of JAB ?
(a) (b)
5 5
12 1
(c) (d)
25 5

19. It is know that a box of 600 electric bulbs

contains 12 defective bulbs. One bulb is (a) 5/8 (b) 7/8
taken out at random from this box. What is (c) 3/4 (d) 3/8
the probability that it is a non-defective bulb?
(a) 0.45 (b) 0.98 23. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. Match
(c) 0.57 (d) 0.85 the probability of events in column-I to the
column-II.
20. Honey goes to school by a car driven by his
driver or uses his bicycle. Probability that he Column-I Column-II
3 11
will use the car is . What is the probability (P) Sum as prime number (i)
7 36
that he will use his bicycle for going to the (Q) Multiple of 2 on one dice 1
school? and multiple of 3 on (ii)
1 6 other dice 12
(a) (b)
7 7 5
(R) Total of at least 10 (iii)
4 5 12
(c) (d)
7 7 1
(S) Doublet of even numbers (iv)
6
ACHIEVERS SECTION (HOTS)
(a) P  (iv), Q  (i), R  (iii), S  (ii)
21. A box contains 19 balls bearing numbers 2, (b) P  (iv), Q  (iii), R  (i). S  (ii)
3,...., 19. A ball is drawn at random from the (c) P  (iii), Q  (ii), R  (iv), S  (i)
box. What is the probability that the number (d) P  (iii), Q  (i), R  (iv), S  (ii)
on the ball is
(i) A prime number ? 24. A bag contains 12 balls of two different
(ii) Divisible by 3 or 5? colours, out of which x are white. One ball is
(iii) Neither divisible by 5 nor by 10? drawn at random. If 6 more white balls are
(iv) An even number? put in the bag, the probability of drawing a
white ball now will be double to that of the
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) previous probability of drawing a white ball.
(a) 3/19 7/19 1/19 9/19 Then, the value of x is ___.
(b) 1/19 1/19 8/19 9/19 (a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 8/19 8/19 16/19 9/19 (c) 5
(d) 8/19 8/19 17/19 9/19 (d) 6

4
25. Fill in the blanks. Numbers from 1 to 100 which are divisible
(i) In a single throw of a dice, the by 9 and perfect square are 9, 36 and 81.
probability of getting a number greater than Number of favourable outcomes = 3
2 is P . 3
(ii) A card is drawn from a deck of 52 cards.  Required probability 
100
The probability of drawing a red card is Q
and a face card is R . 3. (b) Total number of outcomes when two dice
(iii) A bag contains 2 blue and 3 green are thrown = 36.
marbles, then the probability of drawing red Let A be the event of getting a number always
marble S greater than 4 on second dice.
 A  {(1,5), (1, 6), (2,5), (2, 6), (3,5), (3, 6)
P Q R S P
(4,5), (4, 6), (5,5), (5, 6), (6,5), (6, 6)}
1 11 2
(a) 1  Number of possible outcomes =12
3 26 11 12 1
1 1 3  P ( A)  
(b) 0 36 3
6 4 11
2 1 3 4. (b) No. of cards left  52  3  49
(c) 0
3 2 13 No. of cards of spade left  13  3  10
2 1 3 3 No. of black cards left  13  10  23
(d) [ Spade is of black colour]
3 2 13 5
Total no. of ways to draw a card = 49
No. of ways to draw a black card = 23
ANSWER KEY
Required probability = 23/49
1. C 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. B
6. A 7. B 8. B 9. D 10. A
5. (b): total 13 cards are present in suit of club
11. A 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. A if 3 cards are removed, then 10 cards of clubs
16. C 17. A 18. B 19. B 20. C are remaining.
21. C 22. D 23. D 24. A 25. C 10
 Probability of getting a club 
HINTS AND SOLUTION
49

1. (c): Leap year contains 366 days. 6. (a) Total number of outcomes = 36
52 weeks + 2 days Difference of numbers is 1, when pairs are
52 weeks contain 52 Fridays. (6, 5).(5, 4), (4, 3), (3, 2), (2, 1), (5, 6), (4,
We will get 53 Fridays if one of the remaining 5). (3, 4), (2, 3), (1, 2)
two days is a Friday. Total possibilities for  Total favorable outcomes =10
two days are: 10 5
 Required probability  
(Sunday, Monday), (Monday, Tuesday), 36 18
(Tuesday, Wednesday),
(Wednesday, Thursday), (Thursday, Friday), 7. (b) Outcomes are 13, 14, 15,......., 60.
(Friday, Saturday), (Saturday, Sunday) Total number of possible outcomes
There are 7 possibilities and out of these 2  60 12  48
are favourable cases. The numbers divisible by 5 are 15, 20, 25,
3 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60.
 Required probability  Thus, the number of numbers divisible by
100
5 =10
2. (d): Total number of possible outcomes = 10 5
Required probability  
100 48 24

5
 (ii) Perfect square numbers are 16, 25, 36, Total number of aces present in a deck of
49; Thus, the number of perfect square cards =4
number = 4 4 1
4 1  Probability of drawing an ace  
Required probability   52 13
48 12
14. (a): Let there be b blue, g green and w white
8. (b) Total number of outcomes when three marbles in the jar. Then, b  g  w  54 ….(i)
dice are thrown  6  6  6  216 b
For sum of numbers to be 15, possible ways  P (Selecting a blue marble) 
54
are, (6, 6, 3). (6, 3, 6), (3, 6, 6), (6, 5, 4), (6,
4, 5), (5, 4, 6), (5, 6, 4), (4, 5, 6), (4, 6, 5),
(5, 5, 5)
It is given that the probability of selecting a
 Number of favorable outcomes =10
1
10 5 blue marble is .
 Required probability   3
216 108
1 b
   b  18
9. (d) Total number of marbles  3  4  2  9 3 54
No. of green and blue marbles  3  4  7. 4
We have, P (Selecting a green rnarble) 
 Probability of not getting an orange 9
4 2 (given)
marble  
10 5 9 4
   g  24
54 9
10. (a) Total number of marbles = 10 Substituting the values of b and g in (i), we
Probability of drawing a green marble get:

4 2

18  24  w  54  w  12
10 5 Hence, the jar contains 12 white marbles.

11. (a): The queen is drawn and put aside, 15. (a): Total number of outcomes, when two
 Only 5-1=4 cards are left, dice are thrown  6  6  36
 Possible outcomes = 4 Total number of doublets present
(i) There is only one king =(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4,4). (5, 5), (6, 6)
 No. of favourable outcomes = 1 For a total of 4, pairs can be (1, 3), (3, 1), (2,
1 2). Thus, total number of favourable
 P ( an ace)  outcomes = 8 [since (2, 2) is present in both
4
the cases],
(ii) Since, the only queen has already been
8 2
put aside.  Required probability  
 Number of possible outcomes =0 36 9
0
 P (a queen)  0 16. (c)
4
17. (a) Total number of outcomes = 250
12. (c) Total number of letters in
Number of favorable outcomes = 5
'ASSOCIATION'=11 Vowels are A, O, I, A, I
 Probability that Kunal wins the prize
O, i.e., 6 in numbers
5 1
6  
 Probability of getting a vowel  250 50
11
18. (b): Shyam and Ekta are visiting a shop from
13. (b): Total number of cards = 52
Tuesday to Saturday.

6
 Total possible ways of visiting the shop by 1
them  5  5  25 . Now, Area of ALB   AL  LB
2
Possible ways of visiting the shop on same 1 9
day = 5   3  3  sq. units
Possible ways of visiting the shop on different 2 2
days =25  5  20 1
Area of JMB   BM  JM
 Probability of visiting the shop on different 2
20 4 1 9
days     3  3  sq. units.
25 5 2 2
1
19. (b): Out of 600 electric bulbs one bulb can be Area of KAJ   KJ  KA
2
chosen in 600 ways. 1
.'. Total number of elementary events = 600   6  3  9 sq. units
There are 588 (  600  12) non-defective
2
Total area of all the three triangles
bulbs out of which one bulb can be chosen in
588 ways. 9  45
   9  9  sq. units
 Favorable number of elementary events = 2  2
588  45  27
Hence, P (Getting a non-defective bulb)  Area of JAB   36    sq. units
 2  2
3 4
 1  27
7 7 27 3
 Required probability  2  
20. (c): Probability that he will use the bicycle 36 2  36 8
+ Probability the he will use the car = 1
 Probability that he will use the car = 3/7 23. (d): Total number of outcomes when two
 Probability that he will use the bicycle dice are thrown  6  6  36
3 4 (P) Possible ways for sum of numbers on dice
 1  is prime are
7 7 (1, 1). (1,2), (1,4), (1,6), (2, 1), (2, 3), (2, 5),
(3,2), (3, 4), (4, 1), (4, 3), (5, 2), (5, 6), (6,
21. (c): Total number of possible outcomes =19 5), (6, 1)
(i) Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, Favourable outcomes =15
19. 15 5
 Probability of numbers being prime =  Required probability  
8/19 36 12
(ii) Numbers divisible by 3 or 5 are 3, 5, 6, 9, (Q) Possible ways of multiple of 2 on one dice
10, 12, 15,18. and multiple of 3 on other dice are (2, 3), (2,
 Required probability = 8/19 6), (3, 2), (6, 2), (4, 3), (4, 6), (3, 4), (6, 4),
(iii) Numbers neither divisible by 5 nor by 10 (6, 3), (6, 6), (3, 6)
are 1,2, 3,4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, Favourable outcomes =11
18, 19. 11
 Required probability 
 Required probability =16/19 36
(iv) Even numbers are 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, (R) Possible ways of total of atleast 10 are
16, 18. (6, 6), (6, 5), (6, 4), (5, 6), (5, 5), (4, 6)
 Required probability =9/19 Favourable outcomes = 6
3 1
 Required probability  
22. (d): Area of square JMLK  6  36 sq. units
2
36 12
A and B are the mid-points of sides KL and (S) Possible ways for doublet of even
LM. i numbers are (2, 2), (4, 4), (6, 6)
 AL = KA = LB = BM = 3 units Favourable outcomes = 3

7
 3 1
 Required probability  
36 12

24. (a): It is given that, Total number of balls =

12
Number of white balls = x
x
 Probability of getting a white ball 
12
Now, 6 white balls are added.
 Total number of balls  12  6  18
Number of white balls  x  6
x6
 Probability of getting a white ball 
18
x6 x
According to the question,  2
18 12
 x  6  3x  x  3
 Number of white balls = 3

25. (c): (i) Total number of outcomes = 6

Numbers greater than 2 are 3, 4, 5, and 6.
Favorable outcomes = 4
4 2
 Required probability  
6 3
(ii) Total number of outcomes = 52
Number of red cards = 26
 Probability of drawing a red card
26 1
 
52 2
Number of face cards = 12
Probability of drawing a face card
12 3
  .
52 13
(iii) Since, there is no red marble in the bag,
so probability of drawing a red marble is zero.