SEMESTER -III

BSc. (Life Science) – Zoology Component

DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE-9 (Zoo-LS-

DSC-9):– Biochemistry: Basic concepts of
b li
CREDIT DISTRIBUTION, ELIGIBILITY AND PRE-REQUISITES OF THE COURSE

Course title & Credits Credit distribution of the course Eligibilit Pre-
Code Lecture Tutorial Practical y criteria requisite of
the course
(if any)
Biochemistry: 04 02 00 02 Passed NIL
Basic concepts Class XII
of metabolism
Zoo-LS-DSC-09
Learning Objectives
The learning objectives of this course are as follows:
● to learn and develop an understanding of the various metabolic pathways in humans.
● to acquire knowledge of the tissue specific metabolism and its regulation.
● to get acquainted with the concept of enzyme specificity for important metabolic
pathways and how the body adjusts to variations in the demand for energy.
Learning Outcomes
By studying this course, students will be able to:
● better understand the properties of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and their
importance in biological systems.
● explain the biological mechanisms, such as the processes and control of bioenergetics
and metabolism, as chemical reactions
● comprehend the concept of enzyme, its mechanism of action and regulation.
● appreciate the importance of high energy compounds, electron transport chain,
synthesis of ATP under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
● acquire knowledge related to the role of TCA cycle in central carbon metabolism,
importance of anaplerotic reactions and redox balance.

SYLLABUS OF DSC- 09
UNIT-1: Metabolism of Carbohydrates 8 hrs
Basic structure and physiological significance of mono-saccharides, disaccharides, homo
and hetero-polysaccharides. Glycolysis: Preparatory and Payoff phases, regulation, fates
of pyruvate, Pentose phosphate pathway: oxidative and non-oxidative Phases;
Gluconeogenesis: Bypass reactions, regulation and reciprocal coordination of glycolysis

186
and gluconeogenesis; Glycogen Metabolism: Glycogenolysis, Glycogenesis and its
coordinated regulation, Kreb’s Cycle (formation of Acetyl CoA, reactions of cycle,
regulation),

UNIT- 2: Lipid Metabolism 6 hrs

Basic structure and physiological significance of fatty acids, structure and significance of
storage and structural lipids; Biosynthesis: FAS and synthesis reactions, regulation; β
oxidation of palmitic acid: activation of fatty acids and oxidation with bioenergetics,
regulation.

UNIT- 3: Protein metabolism 6 hrs

Structure, classification and properties of amino acids, basics of protein structure;
Transamination, Deamination, Glutamine formation, Glucose alanine cycle and Urea
Cycle

UNIT- 4: Enzyme 6 hrs

Enzymes and their classification, Introduction (basics of classification, properties and
functions), Mechanism of action (understanding of basic concepts, Induced Fit Theory).

UNIT- 5: Oxidative Phosphorylation 4 hrs

Review of Electron Transport Chain: Basics of electron transfer reactions, Universal
Electron Acceptors without detailed structures, electron flow through complexes,
Chemiosmotic theory, basics of ATP synthesis.

Practical 60 hrs
(Laboratory periods: 15 classes of 4 hours each)

1. Qualitative tests to identify functional groups of carbohydrates, amino acids and

lipids.
2. Estimation of total protein in given solutions by Lowry's method.
3. Study effect of temperature, pH, and inhibitor on enzymatic activity of salivary
amylase.
4. Biological oxidation of goat liver.
5. Identification of normal and abnormal constituents of urine.
6. To study the enzymatic activity of Lipase.
7. Dry Lab: To trace the labelled ‘C’ atoms of Acetyl-CoA till they evolve as CO2 in the
TCA cycle through models.

Essential/recommended readings

187
1. Nelson, D.L., Cox, M.M. (2017). Lehninger: Principles of Biochemistry (7th ed.).
New York, WH: Freeman Company.
2. Murray, R.K., Bender, D.A., Botham, K.M., Kennelly, P.J., Rodwell, V.W. and Well,,
P.A. (2009). Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry. XXVIII Edition, International
Edition, The McGraw- Hill Companies Inc.

Suggestive readings
1. Stryer, L., Berg, J., Tymoczko, J., Gatto, G. (2019). Biochemistry (9 th ed.). New York,
WH: Freeman.
2. Voet, D., Voet. J. G. (2013). Biochemistry (4th ed.). New Jersey, John Wiley & Sons
Asia Pvt. Ltd.

188
 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE -8 – :
Biochemistry: Metabolic Processes
Zoo-DSC-8
CREDIT DISTRIBUTION, ELIGIBILITY AND PRE-REQUISITES OF THE COURSE

Course title & Credits Credit distribution of the course Eligibility Pre-requisite of
Code Lecture Tutorial Practical/ criteria the course
Practice (if any)
Biochemistry: 04 02 Nil 02 Passed 12th NIL
Class
Metabolic
Processes
Zoo-DSC-8

Learning Objectives
The learning objectives of this course are as follows:
● To provide fundamental and precise knowledge of the metabolic processes that play
a crucial role in all processes of life and the development of diseases.
● To apprise the students of the various functions of the molecules like providing
structural integrity to the tissue-engineered constructs.
● Through this course, the students would be able to understand myriads of health,
potential treatments of diseases and solve several industrial problems
● The enzymatic study would enable them to understand the various metabolic
pathways and physiological reactions.

Learning Outcomes
By studying this course, students will be able to
● Interpret the structure-functional relationships of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids
and nucleic acids.
● Understand the clinical knowledge and importance of antioxidants.
● Understand the process of biological oxidation crucial to generation of energy for a
living cell.
● Appreciate the action of various types of enzymes under variety of conditions.

Syllabus of DSC-8
UNIT- 1: Carbohydrate Metabolism 9 hrs
Glycolysis, Citric acid cycle, Phosphate pentose pathway, Gluconeogenesis,
Glycogenolysis and Glycogenesis.

UNIT- 2: Lipid Metabolism 7 hrs

193
β-oxidation and omega-oxidation of saturated fatty acids with even number of carbon
atoms; Biosynthesis of palmitic acid; Ketogenesis.
UNIT- 3: Protein Metabolism 4 hrs
Catabolism of amino acids: Transamination, Deamination, Urea cycle.

UNIT- 4: Oxidative Phosphorylation 7 hrs

Redox systems; review of mitochondrial respiratory chain: electron carriers, sites of
ATP production, Oxidative phosphorylation; Chemiosmotic hypothesis, mitochondrial
shuttle system.

UNIT- 5: Liver as a Major Metabolic Hub 3 hrs

Inter-connection of glucose-6-phosphate, pyruvate and acetyl-CoA; fates of amino
acids, fatty acids and glucose in liver cells; cascade of metabolic events in fasting and
starvation.

Practical 60 hrs
(Laboratory periods: 15 classes of 4 hours each)
1. Estimation of total protein in given solutions by Lowry’s method.
2. Detection of SGOT and SGPT in serum/ tissue.
3. Estimation of GST and GSH in serum/ tissue.
4. To study the enzymatic activity of Lipase.
5. Study of biological oxidation (SDH) [goat liver].
6. To perform the Acid and Alkaline phosphatase assay from serum/ tissue.
7. Dry Lab: To trace the labelled ‘C’ atoms of Acetyl-CoA till they evolve as CO2in
the TCA cycle through models.

Essential/recommended readings
3. Nelson, D.L., Cox, M.M. (2017). Lehninger: Principles of Biochemistry (7th ed.).
New York, WH: Freeman Company.
4. Murray, R.K., Bender, D.A., Botham, K.M., Kennelly, P.J., Rodwell, V.W. and Well,
P.A. (2009). Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry. XXVIII Edition, International
Edition, The McGraw- Hill Companies Inc.

Suggestive readings
1. Stryer, L., Berg, J., Tymoczko, J., Gatto, G. (2019). Biochemistry (9th ed.),
NewYork,WH: Freeman.
2. Voet, D., Voet. J. G. (2013). Biochemistry (4th ed.). New Jersey, John Wiley &
Sons Asia Pvt. Ltd.

194
 POOL OF DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVES (DSE) COURSES

DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVES (DSE-1): Aquatic Biology

Zoo-DSE-1

CREDIT DISTRIBUTION, ELIGIBILITY AND PRE-REQUISITES OF THE COURSE

Course title & Credits Credit distribution of the course Eligibility Pre- Department
Code criteria requisite of offering the
Lecture Tutorial Practical/
the course course
Practice
Aquatic 04 03 00 01 Passed 12th NIL Zoology
Class
Biology
Zoo-DSE-1

Learning Objectives
The learning objectives of this course are as follows:
● This course offers a comprehensive knowledge on life in freshwater and marine
environments; lakes; stream and their characteristics, adaptations of organisms,
water resource management; nutrient cycling; major threats to aquatic systems,
pollution and eutrophication.
● To impart knowledge and understanding of basic laboratory equipment and
practice of water quality analysis, to study of aquatic plants.
● To introduce various freshwater and marine ecosystems and its components.
● To understand the biodiversity and productivity of freshwater and marine
environments.
● To impart knowledge on various threats and conservation strategies.

Learning Outcomes
By studying this course, students will be able to
● Be acquainted with the physico-chemical environment, and its role in aquatic
ecosystem.
● Learn about adaptations unveiled by organisms to survive in these distinctive
conditions.
● well-versed with the laws governing the use of freshwater systems, as well as
the local, state, federal, and international agencies that enforce these laws to
protect endangered and vulnerable species.
● Understand and apply relevant scientific principles in the area of aquatic biology
and educate others or work to conserve our natural resources.
● Realize impact of human activities on aquatic organisms.

198
SYLLABUS OF DSE-1
UNIT-I: Aquatic Biomes 6 hrs
Brief introduction of the aquatic biomes: Freshwater ecosystem (lakes, wetlands,
streams and rivers), Estuaries, Intertidal zones, Oceanic pelagic zone, Marine benthic
zone and Coral reefs.

UNIT-2: Lakes 9 hrs

Lakes: Origin and classification (Glacial, Tectonic, Volcanic and Fluvial Lakes), Lake as an
Ecosystem, Lake morphometry, Physico–Chemical Characteristics: Thermal
stratification, Vertical distribution of oxygen in lakes, Dissolved Nitrates and Phosphates,
Turbidity.

UNIT- 3: Streams and Rivers 9 hrs

Streams: Different stages of stream development, Physico-chemical environment,
Stream flora and fauna. Adaptations of hill stream fishes. Rivers: Origin and
characteristics of river. Functions. Concept of watershed management. Ramsar
Convention.

UNIT-4: Marine Biology 12 hrs

Continental shelf, Salinity and density of sea water, Light attenuation in water: Photic,
dysphotic and aphotic zones. Adaptations of deep-sea organisms. Marine mammals and
their adaptations. Coral reefs: Formation, distribution, fauna and effect of climate
change. Physico-chemical characteristics of estuaries, estuarine ecosystem.

UNIT-5: Management of Aquatic Resources 9 hrs

Major threats to freshwater systems, including pollution and sand mining. Impact of
large dams and fragmentation on river ecology and fishery. Thermal pollution and oil
spills; Sewage treatment, Water quality assessment- BOD and COD.

Practical 30 hrs
(Laboratory periods: 15 classes of 2 hours each)

1. Determine the area of a lake using graphimetric and gravimetric method.

2. Identification of following present in a lake ecosystem (3-5 each):
a) Macrophytes
b) Phytoplankton
c) Zooplankton

3. Estimation of pH, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, free carbondioxide, carbonates and

bicarbonates in water collected from a nearby lake/ water body.

199
 4. Estimation of Biochemical oxygen demand of water sample.
5. To demonstrate the following instruments used in limnology and discuss its
significance:
a) Secchi disc
b) Van Dorn Bottle
c) Conductivity meter
d) Turbidity meter
e) PONAR grab sampler
6. Project Report on a visit to a Sewage treatment plant/Freshwater ecosystem
(wetland, lake, river side etc.)/Marine bio-reserve/Fisheries Institutes.

Essential/recommended readings
1. Sullivan O.P. and Reynolds C.S. (2004) The lakes hand book, Limnology and limnetic
ecology. Wiley Blockwell.
2. Brian R. Moss (2018) Ecology of Freshwaters: Earth’s Blood stream (5thedition).
Wiley.
3. Dodds W.K. and Whiles M.R. (2019). Freshwater Ecology: Concepts and
Environmental Applications of Limnology (3rd edition). Academic Press.
4. Barrick, M., Odum, E.P., Barrett, G.W., (2005). Fundamentals of Ecology. 5thEdition.
Cengage Learning.

Suggested readings:
1. Robert G. Wetzel. (2001)Limnology: Lake and River Ecosystems. 3rdedition.
2. Castro and Huber. MarineBiology.11th Edition, Mc Graw and Hill.

200
 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVES (DSE-2): Agrochemicals & Pest
Management
Zoo-DSE-2

Credit distribution, Eligibility and Pre-requisites of the Course

Course title & Credits Credit distribution of the course Eligibility criteria Pre-
Code requisite
Lecture Tutorial Practical/
of the
Practice
course
Agrochemical 04 03 00 01 Passed 12th Class NIL
s & Pest
Management
Zoo-DSE-2

Learning Objectives
The learning objectives of this course are as follows:
● This course offers an insight about the role of insects as powerful competitors of
man as they cause enormous injury to crops and animals and also act as vectors of
many diseases.
● To impart knowledge about various types of pests, their distinguishing features,
life cycle, symptoms of infestation and/or damage to crops and human health.
● This course will help the students to understand the concept of insect pests and
their population dynamics in relation to changing environmental conditions.
● The students will learn about the various methods used in pest management with
pros and cons of each, and how they could be integrated for effective, economical
and eco-friendly pest management programs (IPM).
● To enthuse the students to become entomologists.

Learning Outcomes
By studying this course, students will be able to:
● create awareness about adverse effects of insecticides on the environment and
the need for an environment-friendly approach to the management of insect pests.
● gain knowledge about the concepts and tools of pest management.
● Understand the planning of agricultural ecosystem, tolerance of pest damage, and
timing of different pest control tactics to effectively manage the pest population.
● learn about the use of different pest control techniques in a harmonious manner.
● understand the role of IPM in sustainable agriculture as the future of modern plant
protection and pest control strategy.

201
SYLLABUS OF DSE-2
UNIT- I: Diversity of insects 6 hrs
Salient features of insects and reasons for their diversity; Outlines of insect classification
up to orders. Significance of insects in the ecosystem.

UNIT-2: Insect morphology and development 9 hrs

Overview of insect morphology: Distinction between prognathous, hypognathous and
opisthognathous head, types of antennae, mouth parts and legs. Insect development and
types of metamorphosis.

UNIT-3: Insect crop pests and their management 12 hrs

Introduction to different types of pests and their status, Factors responsible for
emergence of pest, Pest population dynamics.
Bionomics and Control of Crop pests: Leptocorisa acuta, Sesamia inferens, Helicoverpa
armigera, Pyrilla perpusilla, Earias vitella, Raphidopalpa faveicollis, Papilio demoleus.
Bionomics and strategies for the management of stored grain pests: Sitophilus oryzae,
Callosobruchus chinensis, Trogoderma granarium and Corcyra cephalonica.

UNIT-4: Medically Important and Household Pests 6 hrs

Bionomics and management of cockroach, rat flea, mosquitoes, house fly, sand fly, human
louse and termites.

UNIT-5: Insect Pest Management 12 hrs

Overview of pest management tactics: physical, mechanical, cultural, biological,
microbial, botanical and genetic control (SIT/SIRM).
Chemical control: Chlorinated hydrocarbons (BHC, Aldrin) organophosphates (Malathion
Parathion), carbamates (Carbaryl, Propoxur) and synthetic pyrethroids (Allethrin and
Cypermethrin).
Integrated pest management (IPM): Definition, principle, components of IPM and
advantages.

Practical 30 hrs
(Laboratory periods: 15 classes of 2 hours each)
1. Study of the morphology of insects with the help of museum specimens/ slides/
photographs: types of antennae, mouthparts, and legs of insects.
2. Study of two economically important insects representing different orders:
Dictyoptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Isoptera, Anoplura (Siphunculata), Diptera,
Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera.
3. Elementary knowledge of collection, preservation and rearing techniques of

202
 insects: Submission of life cycle stages of any two insect pests.
4. Determination of LD50/ LC50 of insecticides based on the data provided.
5. Study of Instruments used for chemical control through
specimens/videos/photographs.
6. Submission of report based on field trips to entomological institutes, museums,
laboratories.
Essential/recommended readings
1. Borror, D.J., Triplehorn, C.A., and Johnson, N.F. (2005) Introduction to the Study of
Insects. M Saunders College Publication, USA.
2. Chapman, R.F. (1998) The Insects: Structure and Function. Cambridge University
Press, UK.
3. Imms, A. D. (1923) A General Text Book of Entomology. Chapman &Hall, UK.
4. Snodgrass, R. E. (1935) Principles of Insect Morphology. Cornell Univ. Press, USA.
5. Dennis, S. Hill. (2005) Agricultural Insect Pests of the Tropics and Their
Management. Cambridge University Press.
6. David, B. V. and Ananthakrishnan, T.N. (2004) General and Applied Entomology.
Tata-McGraw Hill, New Delhi.

Suggested readings
1. Duntson, P.A. (2004) The Insects: Structure, Function and Biodiversity. Kalyani
Publishers, New Delhi.
2. Atwal, A.S. (1993) Agricultural Pests of India and South East Asia. Kalyani
Publishers, New Delhi.
3. Wigglesworth, V.B. (1984) Insect Physiology. VIII Edition, Chapman & Hall, New
York.

203
 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVES (DSE-3): Medical Zoology
Zoo-DSE-3

CREDIT DISTRIBUTION, ELIGIBILITY AND PRE-REQUISITES OF THE COURSE

Course title & Code Credits Credit distribution of the course Eligibility criteria Pre-
requisite of
Lecture Tutorial Practical/
the course
Practice
Medical 04 03 00 01 Passed 12th Class NIL
Zoology
Zoo-DSE-3

Learning Objectives
The learning objectives of this course are as follows:
● This course offers an insight about the various types of human diseases.
● The students will understand the concepts of pathogenic and pathological basis of
diseases including infectious diseases caused by viruses, prokaryotes, protozoans,
helminthes, vector borne and zoonotic diseases.
● Learn about nutritional deficiencies and lifestyle diseases, endocrine diseases and
cancer.
Learning Outcomes
By studying this course, students will be able to:
● understand various types of human diseases.
● clarify the concepts of pathogenic and pathological basis of diseases.
● Recognize deficiencies and lifestyle diseases, endocrine diseases and cancer.
● broaden the understanding of medical importance of studying Zoology.

SYLLABUS OF DSE-3
UNIT-1: Introduction to Infectious diseases 6 hrs
Concept of Epidemiology, Incidence, Prevalence, Virulence, Pathogenicity,
Transmission, Definitive host, Intermediate host, Parasitism, Symbiosis,
Commensalism, Reservoir, Zoonosis.

UNIT- 2: Transmission, prevention and control of Viral infection 6 hrs

Dengue, Polio, Measles, Mumps, influenza, SARS, HIV.

UNIT-3: Bacterial infections 6 hrs

Tetanus, Diphtheria, Tuberculosis, Typhoid, Cholera; brief account of Rickettsia,
Borellia, Treponema and Leptospira.

UNIT- 4 Protozoan and Helminthic infection 6 hrs

204
 Life history and pathogenicity of Entamoeba histolytica, Plasmodium vivax,
Trypanosoma gambiense; Wuchereria bancrofti, Faciolopsis buski, Ancylostoma
duodenale.
UNIT-5: Nutritional deficiency and lifestyle-based diseases. 6 hrs
Kwashiorkar, Marasmus, Beri-beri, Scurvy, Pellagra, Anaemia, Night blindness, Rickets,
Osteoporosis, Obesity, Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), Atherosclerosis, Diabetes
mellitus, Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD).
UNIT-6: Endocrine Diseases 9 hrs
Hormonal imbalances leading to diseases: Diabetes insipidus, Acromegaly, Gigantism,
Dwarfism, Goitre, Cretinism, Cushing and Crohn’s syndrome, Addison’s disease.
UNIT-7: Cancer 6 hrs
Definitions, Nomenclature, characteristics of benign and malignant neoplasms,
grading and staging of cancer, biology of tumor growth, invasion and metastasis,
carcinogens and cancer.
Practical 30 hrs
(Laboratory periods: 15 classes of 2 hours each)
1. Study of Disease specific bacteria and viruses through pictures/micrographs/Videos.
2. Performing of gram staining and study of Acid Fast staining through permanent
slides.
3. Urine analysis for abnormal constituents: protein, blood, bile salts and glucose.
4. Study of arthropod vectors associated with human diseases: Anopheles, Aedes,
Culex, Phlebotomus, Xenopsylla.
5. Study of permanent slides and specimens of Plasmodium sp, Entamoeba histolytica,
Trypanosoma gambiense, Schistosoma haematobium and Wuchereria bancrofti.
6. Study of endocrine diseases through case studies (any 2).
7. Identification and study of cancer cells- Slides/Photomicrographs/Videos.
8. Project work/report: field visit to a research institute/laboratory to study some of
the pathological and diagnostic techniques.
Essential/recommended readings
1. Park, K. (2017) Textbook of Preventive and social medicine. 23rdEdition. B.B
Publisher.
2. Robbins, Basic Pathology, 9th edition (2012), Kumar, Abbas, Fausto and Mitchell;
Saunders Publication, ISBN-13: 978-1437717815
3. Ramnik. Sood (2009) Medical Laboratory Technology Methods and Interpretations,
6th edition; Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, ISBN-13: 978-8184484496.
Suggested readings
1. Robbins and Cotran. Pathologic Basis of Disease, 8th edition (2009), Vinay Kumar,
Abul. K. Abbas, Jon C. Aster, Nelson Fausto; Saunders Publishers, ISBN-13: 978-
1416031215
2. Arora, D.R and Arora, B. (2001) Medical Parasitology. II Edition. CBS Publications

205
 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVES (DSE-4): Wildlife Conservation &
Management
Zoo-DSE-4
CREDIT DISTRIBUTION, ELIGIBILITY AND PRE-REQUISITESOF THE COURSE
Course title & Code Credit Credit distribution of the course Eligibility Pre-requisite of the
s criteria course
Lecture Tutorial Practical/
Practice
Wildlife 04 03 00 01 Passed 12th NIL
Class
Conservation
&Management
Zoo-DSE-4

Learning Objectives
The learning objectives of this course are as follows:
● To acquaint the students with varied aspects of wildlife conservation, including its
importance, major threats, and management of their habitats and populations.
● The emphasis will be on developing interest and invoking a sense of responsibility
among students towards wildlife conservation.
● The course also explores different techniques, perspectives, and approaches to both
identify and achieve wildlife management goals.
● To motivate students to pursue a career in the field of wildlife conservation and
management.
Learning Outcomes
By studying this course, students will be able to:
● Appreciate wildlife in general and realize its conservation and management in
particular.
● Better understand the application of the principles of ecology and animal behaviour
to formulate strategies for the management of wildlife populations and their habitats.
● Understand the management practices required to achieve a healthy ecosystem for
wildlife population along with emphasis on conservation and restoration.
● comprehend the key factors for loss of wildlife and important strategies for their in
situ and ex situ conservation.
● recognize the techniques for estimation, remote sensing and Global Position Tracking
for wildlife.
● gain knowledge about the wildlife diseases and the quarantine policies.
● know about the Protected Area Networks and Ecotourism in India.
● Perform critical thinking, literature review; scientific writing as well as presentations;
and participation in citizen science initiatives with reference to wildlife.
SYLLABUS OF DSE-4
UNIT-1: Introduction to Wildlife 3 hrs

206
Values of wildlife - positive and negative; Conservation ethics; Importance of
conservation; Causes of depletion.

UNIT-2: Evaluation and Management of Wildlife 9 hrs

Habitat analysis: a) Physical parameters: Topography, Geology, Soil and water; b)
Biological Parameters: food, cover, forage; Standard evaluation procedures: Bio-
telemetry, Remotesensing and GIS.

UNIT- 3: Management of Habitats 9 hrs

Setting back succession: Grazing, prescribed fire, mechanical treatment and selective
herbicide application; Advancing the successional process and cover construction;
Preservation of genetic diversity; Restoration of degraded habitats.

UNIT- 4: Population Estimation 6 hrs

Faecal analysis of ungulates and carnivores: Faecal samples, slide preparation and hair
identification; Pug marks and census methods.

UNIT- 5: Wildlife Health and Rehabilitation 9 hrs

Care of injured and diseased animal; Quarantine; Common diseases of wild animals:
Zoonosis (Ebola and Salmonella), Rabies, Foot and Mouth Disease, Mycobacterium TB,
Bovine and Avian Flu (Any 3 in detail).

UNIT- 6: Protected Areas and their management 9 hrs

National parks and Sanctuaries; Biosphere reserves; Conservation and Community
reserve; Important features of Protected Areas in India; Project Tiger- conservation and
management challenges in Tiger reserves; Human-wildlife conflict; Eco-tourism.

Practical 30 hrs
(Laboratory periods: 15 classes of 2 hours each)

1. Demonstration of basic equipment needed in wildlife studies- use, care and

maintenance (Compass, Binoculars, Spottings cope, Range Finders, Global Positioning
System, Various types of Cameras and lenses).
2. Familiarization and study of animal evidences in the field: Identification of animals
through pugmarks, hoof marks and scats.
3. Trail/ transect monitoring for abundance and diversity estimation of mammals and
bird (direct and indirect evidences).
4. Identification of Big cats: Lion, Tiger, Cheetah, Leopard and Jaguar.
5. Project Report: Identification of mammalian fauna, avian fauna, herpeto-fauna
through direct and indirect evidences seen on a field trip to a National Park/Wildlife

207
 Sanctuary/Biodiversity Park or any other wildlife conservation site.
Essential/recommended readings:
1. Hudson, P.J., Rizzoli, A., Grenfell, B.T. Heestrbeek, H. and Dobson, A.P. (2002) The
Ecology of Wildlife Diseases. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
2. Banerjee, K. (2002) Biodiversity Conservation in Managed and Protected Areas.
Agrobios, India.
3. Kenneth Anderson (2000) The Kenneth Anderson Omnibus Vol I. Rupa
Publications.
4. Jim Corbett. (2017) Man Eaters of Kumaon. Om Books International.
5. Saha, G.K. and Mazumdar, S. (2017) Wildlife Biology: An Indian Perspective. PH
Ilearning Pvt. Ltd. ISBN: 8120353137, 978-812035313.
6. Sinclair, A.R.E., Fryxell, J.M. and Caughley, G. (2006) Wildlife Ecology,
Conservation and Management. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK.
7. Singh, S.K. (2005) Text Book of Wildlife Management. IBDC, Lucknow.

Suggested readings:
1. Primack, R.B. (1998). Essentials of Conservation Biology. Sinauer Associates, Inc.
Sunderland, MA.
2. Hossetti, B.B. (1997). Concepts in Wildlife Management. Daya Publishing House,
Delhi.
3. Sharma, B.D. (1999) Indian Wildlife Resources Ecology and Development. Daya
Publishing House, Delhi.

208