JUNE EXAMINATION

GRADE 12

2025

PHYSICAL SCIENCES (PHYSICS)

(PAPER 1)

TIME: 3 hours

MARKS: 150

15 pages + 3 data sheets

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INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. This question paper consists of 9 questions. Answer ALL the questions in the
ANSWER BOOK.

2. Start EACH question on a NEW page in the ANSWER BOOK.

3. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this
question paper.

4. Leave ONE line open between two subquestions, e.g. between QUESTION 2.1
and QUESTION 2.2.

5. You may use a non-programmable calculator.

6. You may use appropriate mathematical instruments.

7. Show ALL formulae and substitutions in ALL calculations.

8. Round-off your FINAL numerical answers to a minimum of TWO decimal

places.

9. Give brief discussions, etc. where required.

10. You are advised to use the attached DATA SHEETS.

11. Write neatly and legibly.

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QUESTION 1: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Each question
has only ONE correct answer. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A – D) next to
the question numbers (1.1 to 1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.11 E.

1.1 Which of the following forces always acts perpendicular to the surface on which a
body is placed?

A Tension
B Frictional force
C Normal force
D Gravitational force (2)

1.2 A car of mass m moves along a straight line at a constant velocity of v in an

easterly direction. The velocity of the car decreases to a third of its original speed
in t seconds as shown below. The graph is not drawn to scale.

VELOCITY-TIME GRAPH FOR CAR

Velocity m·s-1

Time (s)

What will be the change in momentum of the car?

A 1
mv east
3
B 1
mv west
3
C 2
mv east
3
D 2
mv west
3 (2)

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1.3 Object Y exerts a gravitational force of 1 000 N on object Z when the distance
between the centres of the two objects is r. The two objects each have a mass of m.

Which of the changes below will increase the gravitational force to 4 000 N?

A Double the distance between their centres.

B Halve the distance between their centres.
C Halve the mass of both objects.
D Double the mass of only object Y. (2)

1.4 A ball is kicked across a floor and it comes to a standstill after t seconds.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the total mechanical energy
and the net work done on the ball?

TOTAL MECHANICAL
NET WORK DONE
ENERGY
A Not conserved Negative
B Conserved Negative
C Not conserved Positive
D Conserved Positive (2)

1.5 A crate is given an initial velocity, and it slides up a frictionless incline until it comes
to a stop.

Which of the following graphs shows the CORRECT relationship between the
kinetic energy (Ek) and the potential energy (Ep) of the crate?

A B

C D

(2)

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1.6 For light, a red shift indicates the light source moves …

A away from you.

B towards you.
C at right angles to you.
D parallel to you. (2)

1.7 Two point charges of +7 nC and -5 nC are brought together until they touch.
Immediately after that they return to their original positions.

Which field pattern correctly represents the charges when they are back in their
original positions?

A B

C D

(2)

1.8 A non-ohmic resistor can be described as a resistor for which …

A Ohm’s law is valid.

B the current-potential difference graph produces a straight line.
C the resistance does not vary with a change in temperature.
D the resistance is not constant and varies with the applied potential difference. (2)

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1.9 Four identical resistors are connected as shown below. Which connection will
result in a total resistance of 4 Ω?

(2)

1.10 A kilowatt hour refers to:

A The use of electrical appliances

B The power of electrical appliances
C One kilowatt of electricity used for one hour
D The cost of electricity specifications (2)
[20]

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QUESTION 2 (Start on a new page.)

A person pulls a block of mass 12 kg to the right using a light inextensible rope T. The
block is pulled from point A to B at an angle of 40o between the rope and the horizontal
surface. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the surface is 0,31. The
block is pulled at a CONSTANT VELOCITY of 10 m∙s-1, as shown in the diagram below.

2.1 Define the term kinetic frictional force. (2)

2.2 Draw a labelled, free-body diagram of all the forces acting on the 12 kg block
while it is moving at a constant velocity. (4)

2.3 Calculate the magnitude of the tension in the rope. (5)

2.4 The block is moved a horizontal distance of 24 m from point A to B.

2.4.1 Calculate the time it will take the block to reach B. (3)

2.4.2 If the block’s velocity is increased to a constant velocity of 20 m∙s-1, how

will the frictional force be affected? Write only INCREASES,
DECREASES or REMAINS THE SAME. (1)

2.5 The angle between the rope and the horizontal surface is increased to 50o.

2.5.1 What will be the effect on the kinetic frictional force acting on the block?
Write only INCREASES, DECREASES or REMAINS THE SAME. (1)

2.5.2 Explain the answer to QUESTION 2.5.1. (3)

[19]

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QUESTION 3 (Start on a new page.)

A rocket of total mass m is launched from the surface of the Earth. The initial weight of
the rocket is 5,38 x 106 N. The mass of the rocket decreases due to the loss of fuel that
is used to propel the rocket. When the distance between the centre of the rocket and
the surface of the Earth is 9 000 m, the rocket experiences a gravitational force of
5,04 x 106 N. The diagram below is not drawn to scale.

3.1 State Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation in words. (2)

3.2 Calculate the:

3.2.1 Total mass m of the rocket before it is launched (2)

3.2.2 Mass of the rocket when it is 9 000 m from the surface of the Earth (5)

3.2.3 Mass of the fuel that was consumed when the rocket reached 9 000 m
from the surface of the Earth (2)

3.3 The rocket is on its way straight to the moon.

What will happen to the gravitational force between the Moon and the rocket as
the distance between the Earth and the rocket increases?

Write only INCREASES, DECREASES or REMAINS THE SAME. (2)

[13]

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QUESTION 4 (Start on a new page.)

A hot-air balloon moves upwards at a constant velocity when a block B

is dropped from the side of the balloon and falls to the ground. The
balloon is 50 m above the ground when the object is dropped.

The graphs below show the motion of both the balloon and the block B.

The graphs are not drawn to scale. Ignore all effects of air resistance.

Use upwards as positive in all calculations.

VELOCITY-TIME GRAPH FOR BALLOON AND BLOCK B

Hot-air balloon

time (s)
Velocity

Block B

4.1 Which one, the balloon or block B, is in freefall?

Give a reason for the answer. (2)

4.2 Using ONLY equations of motion, calculate the following values:

4.2.1 The time t1 (3)

4.2.2 The velocity v of block B (3)

4.2.3 The time t2 (3)

4.3 Sketch a position-time graph of block B from the moment it is dropped until it
reaches the ground. Use the ground as zero reference point.
Clearly indicate the following values on the graph:
• The initial height
• The time at maximum height
The time when block B reaches the ground
• (5)
[16]

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QUESTION 5 (Start on a new page.)

The vector diagrams below show the momentums of car A, mass 2 000 kg, which is
traveling to the right, before and after a head-on collision with stationary car B. The collision
lasted 0,5 seconds. After the collision, car B moves to the right with a speed of 20 m∙s-1.

The diagrams below are not drawn to scale.

VECTOR DIAGRAM FOR CAR A BEFORE AND AFTER COLLISION

pi = 30 000 kg∙m∙s-1 right

pf = 10 000 kg∙m∙s-1 right

5.1 State the principle of conservation of linear momentum in words. (2)

5.2 Calculate the:

5.2.1 Velocity of car A before the collision (3)

5.2.2 Mass of car B (4)

5.3 Draw a labelled vector diagram showing the magnitude and direction of the change
in momentum of car A. (2)

5.4 Calculate the magnitude of the net force that car A exerts on car B. (3)

5.5 Use the impulse-momentum theorem to explain how an airbag, which inflates
between the driver and the steering wheel of a car during a collision, protects the
driver. (3)

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QUESTION 6 (Start on a new page.)

A 20 kg box is initially at rest at point Y on a rough horizontal surface. The box is pulled to
the right by a constant force of 100 N, parallel to the surface. The box is moved a horizontal
distance of 4 m and experiences a frictional force of 65 N.

6.1 Define the term non-conservative force. (2)

6.2 Name the non-conservative force(s) acting on the 20 kg box. (2)

6.3 Using ENERGY PRINCIPLES ONLY, calculate the speed of the box at point Z. (5)

6.4 Calculate the average power dissipated by the 100 N force between point Y and
point Z. (3)

6.5 The box is now pulled upwards by a 100 N force on the original surface which is
now inclined at an angle as shown in the diagram below.

6.5.1 Draw a labelled, free-body diagram, showing all the CONSERVATIVE

FORCES acting on the 20 kg box. (2)

6.5.2 Will the box still have the same speed after 4 m as in QUESTION 6.3?
Write only YES or NO. Give a reason for the answer. (2)
[16]

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QUESTION 7 (Start on a new page.)

A hawk emits a sound at a frequency of 90 Hz. The speed of sound in air is taken
as 340 m.s-1.

7.1 State the Doppler effect in words. (2)

7.2 A stationary observer hears the sound at 88 Hz. Is the hawk flying TOWARDS or
AWAY from the observer? (1)

7.3 Calculate the speed at which the hawk is flying. (5)

[8]
QUESTION 8 (Start on a new page.)

Three point charges, A, B and C, are placed as shown in the diagram below.

8.1 State Coulomb’s law in words. (2)

8.2 The net force on charge A due to the charges B and C is 0,866 N. Calculate the
distance d as indicated in the sketch above. (5)

8.3 Charge C is now removed. Point P is 0,2 m to the right of charge B.

8.3.1 Define electric field at a point. (2)

8.3.2 Draw a labelled vector diagram of the electric field at point P as a result
of charges A and B. (2)

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8.3.3 Calculate the magnitude of the net electric field at point P. (4)

8.3.4 If point P was between charges A and B, the net electric field would
never be equal to zero at any point.

Explain the validity of this statement. (2)

8.4 The relationship between the electrostatic force and a charge is illustrated in the
graph below. During this experiment, the second charge and the distance
between the two charges are kept constant.

ELECTROSTATIC FORCE-CHARGE GRAPH

Electrostatic force (N)

Charge (x 10-6 C)

8.4.1 What mathematical relationship between the electrostatic force and the
charge can be deduced from the graph? (1)

8.4.2 Use the information in the graph to calculate the magnitude of the electric
field around the charge when it experiences a force of 0,005 N. (3)
[21]

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QUESTION 9

CIRCUIT A and CIRCUIT B are connected as shown below. In both circuits, the same
battery is used, and all resistors are identical with a resistance of 3 Ω each. The battery
has an emf and internal resistance of unknown values. Voltmeter and ammeter
readings are indicated in the diagrams below.

CIRCUIT A CIRCUIT B

9.1 Define power. (2)

9.2 For CIRCUIT A:

9.2.1 What would be the current through resistor R2? (2)

9.2.2 Calculate the power dissipated by both R2 and R3. (3)

9.3 For CIRCUIT B:

9.3.1 Calculate the energy used for resistor R1 if the current flows for
10 minutes. (3)

9.3.2 How would the current be affected if R1 burnt out and was not
removed?

Write only INCREASES, DECREASES or REMAINS THE SAME.

Give a reason for the answer. (2)

9.4 Define the term emf. (2)

9.5 Resistor R1 is replaced by a new 3 Ω resistor. Calculate the value of the emf
and the internal resistance of the battery used in CIRCUIT A and CIRCUIT B. (6)
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TOTAL: 150

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DATA FOR PHYSICAL SCIENCES GRADE 12

PAPER 1 (PHYSICS)

GEGEWENS VIR FISIESE WETENSKAPPE GRAAD 12

VRAESTEL 1 (FISIKA)

TABLE 1: PHYSICAL CONSTANTS/TABEL 1: FISIESE KONSTANTES

NAME/NAAM SYMBOL/SIMBOOL VALUE/WAARDE

Acceleration due to gravity
g 9,8 m·s-2
Swaartekragversnelling
Universal gravitational constant
G 6,67 x 10-11 N·m2·kg-2
Universele gravitasiekonstante
Radius of the Earth
RE 6,38 x 106 m
Radius van die Aarde
Mass of the Earth
ME 5,98 x 1024 kg
Massa van die Aarde
Speed of light in a vacuum
c 3,0 x 108 m·s-1
Spoed van lig in ’n vakuum
Planck's constant
h 6,63 x 10-34 J·s
Planck se konstante
Coulomb's constant
k 9,0 x 109 N·m2·C-2
Coulomb se konstante
Charge on electron
e 1,6 x 10-19 C
Lading op elektron
Electron mass
me 9,11 x 10-31 kg
Elektronmassa
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TABLE 2: FORMULAE/TABEL 2: FORMULES

MOTION/BEWEGING

v f = vi + a t Δx = v Δt + 12a t 2 or/of Δy = v Δti + 1 a2 t 2 i

( v + vf ( v + vf
Δx = i Δt or/of Δy = i Δt
v f 2 = v i2 + 2a x or/of v 2 = v 2i + 2a y
f
2 2

FORCE/KRAG

Fnet = ma p = mv

f max = µ N fk = µkN
s s

Fnet t = p
w = mg
p = mvf – mvi
m m2 m1m2 M M
F=G 1
or/of F=G g=G or/of g=G
d2 r2 d2 r2

WORK, ENERGY AND POWER/ARBEID, ENERGIE EN DRYWING

W =F x cos θ U= mgh or/of EP = mgh

1 1 Wnet = K or/of Wnet = Ek
K= mv2 or/of Ek = mv2
2 2
K = K f – Ki or/of Ek = Ekf – Eki
W
Wnc = K + U or/of Wnc = Ek + Ep P=
t
Pave = Fvave Pgemid = Fvgemid
/
WAVES, SOUND AND LIGHT/GOLWE, KLANK EN LIG

1
v=fλ T=
f
v vL v vL c
f = f / f = f E = hf or/of E= h
L v vs L vb v bs
λ

E = Wo + Ek(max) or/of E = Wo + Kmax where/waar

1 1
E = hf and/en W = hf and/en E = mv2 or/of K = mv2
0 0 k(max) max max max
2 2
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ELECTROSTATICS/ELEKTROSTATIKA

kQ1Q2 kQ
F= E=
r2 r2
W F
V= E=
q q
Q Q
n= or/of n=
e qe

ELECTRIC CIRCUITS/ELEKTRIESE STROOMBANE

V emf ( ε ) = I(R + r)
R=
I emk ( ε ) = I(R + r)
Rs = R1 + R2 + ...
1 1 1 q= I t
= + + ...
Rp R1 R 2
W
W = Vq P=
Δt
W = VI t
P = VI
2
W= I R t
P = I2R
V 2Δt
W=
R V2
P=
R

ALTERNATING CURRENT/WISSELSTROOM

Pave = Vrms Irms / Pgemid = Vwgk Iwgk

Imax I
Irms = / I wgk = maks
2 2 Pave = I2rms R / Pgemid = I2wgkR
Vmax Vmaks
Vrms = / Vwgk = Vrms
2 2
Vwgk
2 2 Pave = / Pgemid =
R R