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Lecture 5

The document outlines the fundamentals of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), including the identification of components, operation of sensors, and the development of ladder logic programs. It provides several examples of PLC applications, such as fire alarm systems, workpiece detection, drilling processes, garage door operation, and continuous filling operations. Additionally, it includes notations and symbols used in ladder diagrams.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
44 views16 pages

Lecture 5

The document outlines the fundamentals of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), including the identification of components, operation of sensors, and the development of ladder logic programs. It provides several examples of PLC applications, such as fire alarm systems, workpiece detection, drilling processes, garage door operation, and continuous filling operations. Additionally, it includes notations and symbols used in ladder diagrams.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Baghdad

Al-Khwarizmi College of Engineering


Mechatronics Engineering Department

Programmable Logic Controllers


Asst. Lecturer: Oger Z. Amanuel
References:

• Book of programmable logic controllers by Frank Petruzella

• Book of programmable logic controllers by W. Bolton


Developing Fundamental PLC Wiring Diagrams and
Ladder Logic Programs
Contents
• Identify the functions of electromagnetic control relays, contactors, and motor starters.

• Identify switches commonly found in PLC installations.

• Explain the operation of sensors commonly found in PLC installations.

• Explain the operation of output control device commonly found in PLC installations.

• Compare sequential and combination control processes.

• Convert fundamental relay ladder diagrams to PLC ladder logic programs.

• Write PLC programs directly from a narrative description.


Notations and Symbols

Symbols of Ladder Diagram Symbols of Zelio

I 1 or i1

[ Q1

S Q1

R Q1
Normally Open Normally Closed

Make electrical contact with Make electrical contact with


the circuit when it is pressed. the circuit in its default state,
when not pressed
Power Flow
Auxiliary Relay
Example 1

An example of the basic elements of a simple program for use with a fire alarm system is shown in
Figure below. Fire sensors provide inputs to a SET/RESET function block so that if one of the sensors is
activated, the alarm is set and remains set until it is cleared by being reset. When set it sets off the alarm.
Example 2

Another example showing the basic elements of an program is shown in Figure below. This could be
used with a system designed to detect when a workpiece has been loaded into the correct position for
some further operation. When the start contacts are closed, the output causes the workpiece to move.
This continues until a light beam is interrupted and resets, causing the output to cease. A stop button is
available to stop the movement at any time.
Example 3

Figure below shows the sketch of a drilling process that requires the drill press to turn on only if there is a
part present and the operator has one hand on each of the start switches. This precaution will ensure that the
operator’s hands are not in the way of the drill.
The sequence of operation requires that switches 1 and 2 and the part sensor all be activated to make the
drill motor operate.
Example 4

A motorized overhead garage door is to be operated automatically to preset open and closed positions. The field
devices include one of each of the following:
• Reversing motor contactor for the up and down directions.
• Normally closed down limit switch to sense when the door is fully closed.
• Normally closed up limit switch to sense when the door is fully opened.
• Normally open door up button for the up direction.
• Normally open door down button for the down direction.
• Normally closed door stop button for stopping the door.
• Red door ajar light to signal when the door is partially open.
• Green door open light to signal when the door is fully open.
• Yellow door closed light to signal when the door is fully closed.
The sequence of operation requires that:
• When the up button is pushed, the up motor contactor energizes and the door travels upward until the up limit
switch is actuated.
• When the down button is pushed, the down motor contactor energizes and the door travels down until the
down limit switch is actuated.
• When the stop button is pushed, the motor stops. The motor must be stopped before it can change direction.
Example 5

Figure below shows the sketch of a continuous filling operation.


This process requires that boxes moving on a conveyor be
automatically positioned and filled. The sequence of operation for
the continuous filling operation is as follows:
• Start the conveyor when the start button is momentarily pressed.
• Stop the conveyor when the stop button is momentarily pressed.
• Energize the run status light when the process is operating.
• Energize the standby status light when the process is stopped.
• Stop the conveyor when the right edge of the box is first sensed
by the photo sensor.
• With the box in position and the conveyor stopped, open the
solenoid valve and allow the box to fill. Filling should stop when
the level sensor goes true.
• Energize the full light when the box is full. The full light should
remain energized until the box is moved clear of the photo sensor.

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