Module 4 Summative Test
Measures of Skewness and Kurtosis
General instruction: In every activity always indicate your name and activity no. You can
use band paper or yellow pad paper in answering the activity. Send your answer thru Google
classroom.
Name: Jehad C. Casir Time: 7-8PM CN: 7153
Part 1: Solve the following problem. Show your solutions.
1. In the exams given to the top 32 students, the following scores were obtained: Find the skewness,
and kurtosis of the given data if 8 class intervals shall be used in grouping the data.
33 54 59 43 31 51 29 64
35 35 46 61 35 44 57 29
65 48 42 33 37 42 57 56
41 61 63 63 51 45 34 62
Class interval F
29-33 5
34-38 5
39-43 4
44-48 4
49-53 2
54-58 4
59-63 6
64-68 2
N=32
(SOLUTION FOR THE SKEWNESS)
Step 1: Construct Frequency Distribution Table:
CLASS Frequency Xm FX <cf Lower
INTERVALS boundary and
(F) (Class Mark) Upper
boundary
class
(True Limit)
29-33 5 31 155 5 28.5-33.5
34-38 5 36 180 10 33.5-38.5
39-43 4 41 164 14 38.5-43.5
44-48 4 46 184 18 43.5-48.5
49-53 2 51 102 20 48.5-53.5
54-58 4 56 224 24 53.5-58.5
59-63 6 61 366 30 58.5-63.5
64-68 2 66 132 32 63.5-68.5
N = 32 ∑fx = 1,507
Step 2: Find the mean (x̄):
∑𝑓𝑥 1,507
𝑥̄ = = = 47.09
𝑁 𝑁
Step 3: Find the Median(Md):
𝑁 32
̄ =
𝑀𝑑 = = 16
2 2
Since median is 16, therefore, the median class is the class interval 44 – 48. Now that we know all
the values needed, substitute it to the formula.
Given:
XLB= 43.5 N/2 = 16 < cfb = 14 i=5 fmc = 4
Solution :
𝑁
−< 𝑐𝑓𝑏
𝑀𝑑 = 𝑋𝐿𝐵 + ( 2 )𝑖
𝑓𝑚𝑐
16 − 14
𝑀𝑑 = 43.5 + ( )5
4
2
𝑀𝑑 = 43.5 + ( ) 5
4
𝑀𝑑 = 43.5 + (0.5)5
𝑀𝑑 = 43.5 + 2.5
𝑀𝑑 = 46
Step 4: Solve for the standard deviation ( σ ):
• Make a frequency distribution table first for : |x – x̄| , f|x-x̄| , and f|x-x̄|²
CLASS Frequency Xm X̄ |x-x̄| f|x-x̄|²
INTERVALS
(F) (Class Mark) (Mean)
29-33 5 31 47.09 16.09 1294.4405
34-38 5 36 47.09 11.09 614.9405
39-43 4 41 47.09 6.09 148.3524
44-48 4 46 47.09 1.09 4.7524
49-53 2 51 47.09 3.91 30.5762
54-58 4 56 47.09 8.91 317.5524
59-63 6 61 47.09 13.91 1160.9286
64-68 2 66 47.09 18.91 715.1762
N = 32 ∑f|x-x̄|²
= 4,286.72
Solution:
√∑𝑓|𝑥 − 𝑥̄ |2
𝜎=
𝑁
√4,286.7192
𝜎=
32
𝜎 = √133.96
𝜎 = 11.57
Step 5: Let’s now solve for the Skewness:
Given:
X̄ = 47.09
Md = 46
SD = 11.57
Substitute the given values to the formula.
Solution :
3(𝑥̄ − 𝑀𝑑)
𝑆𝑘 =
𝑆𝐷
3(47.09 − 46)
𝑆𝑘 =
11.57
3(1.09)
𝑆𝑘 =
11.57
3.27
𝑆𝑘 =
11.57
𝑆𝑘 = 0.282627
From the calculated SK, we can conclude that the curve of distribution of the given data is close to
normally distributed curve.
(SOLUTION FOR THE KURTOSIS)
Step 1: Construct Frequency Distribution table:
CLASS Frequency Xm |x-x̄ | |x-x̄ |² f|x-x̄ |² |x-x̄ |4 f|x-x̄ |4
INTERVALS
(F) (Class
Mark)
29-33 5 31 16.09 258.89 1294.4405 67023.04832 335,115.2416
34-38 5 36 11.09 122.99 614.9405 15126.07274 75,630.3637
39-43 4 41 6.09 37.09 148.3524 1375.52716 5,502.10864
44-48 4 46 1.09 1.19 4.7524 1.41158 5.64632
49-53 2 51 3.91 15.29 30.5762 233.726 467.452
54-58 4 56 8.91 79.39 317.5524 6302.47042 25,209.88168
59-63 6 61 13.91 193.49 1160.9286 37437.64484 224,625.86904
64-68 2 66 18.91 357.59 715.1762 127869.24926 255,738.49852
N = 32 ∑f|x-x̄|4 = 922,295.0615
Given:
∑f|x-x̄|4 = 922,295.0615
N = 32
σ = 11.57
Step 2: Let’s now solve for the Kurtosis:
Note: Use the calculated standard deviation noted above.
∑𝑓|𝑥 − 𝑥̄ |4
𝐾𝑢 =
𝑁𝜎 4
922,295.0615
𝐾𝑢 =
32(11.57)4
922,295.0615
𝐾𝑢 =
32(17919.81145)
922,295.0615
𝐾𝑢 =
573,433.9664
𝐾𝑢 = 1.60837 𝑜𝑟 1.61
From the calculated kurtosis, we can conclude that the curve of distribution of the given data is a
Platykurtic since its kurtosis value is less than 3.
At the end of this module, I have learned that…
There are types of skewness; the symmetrical, Positively skewed, and Negatively skewed
distribution. If the skewness value is equal to zero, it is a symmetrical distribution or normal
distribution. While the skewness that is greater than zero or a positive one is Positively skewed
distribution. And lastly, the skewness that is is less than zero or negative is Negatively Skewed
distribution.
As for Kurtosis, there are three types of Kurtosis that I did learned for conclusion;
These are the Mesokurtic, Platykurtic, and Leptokurtic. A Kurtosis that is equal to zero is Mesokurtic.
While a Kurtosis is less than three is Platykurtic. And lastly, a Kurtosis that is greater than three is
Leptokurtic.
