CHUYÊN ĐỀ 15: MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ

(RELATIVE CLAUSES)

A. LÍ THUYẾT
I. CÁC DẠNG MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
Mệnh đề quan hệ xác Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định
định

- Dùng để xác định danh - Cung cấp thêm thông tin về 1 người/ vật
từ đứng trước nó. - Có thể bỏ đi đc
- Mệnh đề xác định là - Có dấu (,)
mệnh đề cần thiết cho - MĐQHKXĐ dùng khi:
ý nghĩa của câu, không + Danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa là 1 danh từ riêng (tên
có nó câu sẽ không đủ riêng, tên địa danh)
nghĩa. Ex: Ha Noi, which is a capital of Vietnam, is
 Không thể bỏ đi đc crodwed and modern.
- Không có dấu (,) + Danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa là 1 tính từ sở hữu (my/
his/ her/ their/ your/…)
Ex: My cat, which I found on the street, is called
Monty.
+ Danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa là danh từ đi với this/
that/ these/ those
Ex: This ring, which was a present from my
husband, is very valuable.
- Không dùng “that”

I. CÁC ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ

1. WHO:
- thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người.....
- Cấu trúc: N (person) + WHO + V + O
N (person) + WHO + S + V
- Ví dụ: I told you about the woman who lives next door.
I live the man who Mary loves.
2. WHOM:
- thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người
- Cấu trúc: .....N (person) + WHOM + S + V
- Ví dụ: I was invited by the professor whom I met at the conference.
3. WHICH:
- thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật
- Cấu trúc:
....N (thing) + WHICH + V + O
....N (thing) + WHICH + S + V
- Ví dụ:
+ Do you see the cat which is lying on the roof?
+ The dress which she is wearing is beautiful.

4. THAT:
- có thể thay thế cho vị trí của who, whom, which trong mệnh đề quan hệ quan hệ xác
định
* Các trường hợp thường dùng "that":
- khi đi sau các hình thức so sánh nhất
- khi đi sau các từ: only, the first, the last
- khi danh từ đi trước bao gồm cả người và vật
- khi đi sau các đại từ bất định, đại từ phủ định, đại từ chỉ số lượng: no one, nobody,
nothing, anyone, anything, anybody, someone, something, somebody, all, some, any,
little, none.
Ví dụ:
+ He was the most interesting person that I have ever met.
+ It was the first time that I heard of it.
+ These books are all that my sister left me. 0983672757
+ She talked about the people and places that she had visited.
* Các trường hợp không dùng that:
- trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định ( có dấu (,))
- sau giới từ
5. WHOSE:
- dùng để chỉ sở hữu cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật, thường thay cho các từ: her, his,
their, hoặc hình thức 's
- Cấu trúc....N (person, thing) + WHOSE + N + V ....
- Ví dụ: Do you know the boy whose mother is a nurse?
II. CÁC TRẠNG TỪ QUAN HỆ
1. WHY: mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ lý do, thường thay cho cụm for the reason, for
that reason
- Cấu trúc: ......N (reason) + WHY + S + V ...
Ví dụ: I don’t know the reason. You didn’t go to school for that reason.
→ I don’t know the reason why you didn’t go to school.
2. WHERE: thay thế từ chỉ nơi chốn, thường thay cho there
- Cấu trúc: ....N (place) + WHERE + S + V ....
(WHERE = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)
Ví dụ: The hotel wasn’t very clean. We stayed that hotel.
→ The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean.
→ The hotel at which we stayed wasn’t very clean.
3. WHEN: thay thế từ chỉ thời gian, thường thay cho từ then
Cấu trúc: ....N (time) + WHEN + S + V ...
(WHEN = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)
Ví dụ: Do you still remember the day? We first met on that day.
→ Do you still remember the day when we first met?
→ Do you still remember the day on which we first met?
III. MỘT SỐ LƯU Ý

1. Nếu trong mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ thì giới từ có thể đặt trước hoặc sau mệnh
đề quan hệ (chỉ áp dụng với whom và which.)
Ex: Mr. Brown is a nice teacher. We studied with him last year.
→ Mr. Brown, with whom we studied last year, is a nice teacher.
→ Mr. Brown, whom we studied with last year, is a nice teacher.
2. Có thể dùng which thay cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước.
Ex: She can't come to my birthday party. That makes me sad.
→ She can't come to my birthday party, which makes me sad.
3. Ở vị trí túc từ, whom có thể được thay bằng who.
Ex: I'd like to talk to the man whom / who I met at your birthday party.
4.Trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định, chúng ta có thể bỏ các đại từ quan hệ làm túc
từ: whom, which.
Ex: The girl you met yesterday is my close friend.
The book you lent me was very interesting.
5. Các cụm từ chỉ số lượng some of, both of, all of, neither of, many of, none of ... có
thể được dùng trước whom, which và whose.
Ex: I have two sisters, both of whom are students.
She tried on three dresses, none of which fitted her.
V.MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ RÚT GỌN
1. Chủ động: Nếu MĐQH là MĐ chủ động thì rút thành cụm hiện tại phân từ (V-ing).
Ex: - The man who stands/ stood at the door is my uncle.
=> The man standing at the door is my uncle.
2. Bị động: Ta có thể dùng past participle (V3/Ved) để thay thế cho MĐQH khi nó mang
nghĩa bị động
Ex: - The woman who was given a flower looked very happy
=> The woman given a flower looked very happy.
3. Rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu
Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu (To-infinitive) khi trước đại từ
quan hệ có các cụm từ: the first, the second, the last, the only hoặc hình thức so sánh bậc
nhất.
Ex:
a.Active: - The first student who comes to class has to clean the board.
The first student to come to class has to clean the board.
b. Passive: - The only room which was painted yesterday was Mary’s.
The only room to be painted yesterday was Mary’s.
B. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
BT 1. Viết các đại từ quan hệ Who, Whom, Whose, Which, That, Where…vào chỗ
trống
1. The men ……..……….lives next-door are English.
2. Do you know the girls ……….…….are standing outside the church?
3. The chocolate ……………….you like comes from the United States.
4. A burglar is someone …………….breaks into a house and steals things.
5. I can’t find the key …….……….opens this door.
6. I don’t like the boy …………….Sue is going out with.
7. The man ………..…….she is going to marry is very rich.
8. He wore a mask …………….made him look like Mickey Mouse.
9. The man ………..….mobile was ringing did not know what to do.
10. The woman …………….daughter was crying tried to calm her down.
11. The family …..……….car was stolen last week is the Smiths.
12. A bus is a big car …………….carries lots of people.
13. Children …………….like music are often good at mathematics.
14. The girl ………..…….recited the poem is my niece.
15. The Pacific Ocean, …………….might have been crossed by raft during the Stone
Age, is the world’s largest ocean.
16. The parents thanked the woman……………..….had saved their son.
17. Two men, neither of ……….…….I had been before, came into my office.
18. He ate the food ………..……….no one else wanted.
19. The village ………………. I ran out of petrol didn’t have a petrol station
20. John sold his computer, ……….………. he no longer need, to his cousin.
21. The cowboy ……..……….is wearing a red shirt looks very funny.
22. The volunteers, …………….enthusiasm was obvious, finished the work quickly.
23. The newspaper to …..………….we subscribe is delivered regularly.
24. The job for ……..………. she has applied is in London.
25. Teddy has two cars, one of ………..…. is very expensive.
BT 2. Chọn đáp án đúng
1. Mr. Ken, ______ is living next door, is a dentist.
A. that B. who C. whom D. what
2. Her computer ______ was my friend’s got broke.
A. which B. whom C. who D. that
3. The man _______ she wanted to see her family.
A. which B. where C. whom D. who
4. Her grandmother, _______ is 70, often takes exercise.
A. what B. who C. where D. which
5. The woman _______ came here two days ago is her professor.
A. who B. that C. whom D. what
6. The really happy people are those ________enjoy their daily work.
A. what B. who C. which D. where
7. Freedom is something for ________ millions have given their lives.
A. which B. where C. whom D. who
8. My girlfriend loves tokbokki, _________ is Korean food.
A. which B. where C. whom D. who
9. Blair has passed the exam last week, ________ is great news.
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
10. The book ________ is in the car is his brother’s.
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
11. The man_____ lives behind my house is a doctor.
A.that B. who C. which D. whom

12. Peter, _____ I played video games with on the weekend, was younger than me.
A.that B. who C. which D. whom
13. The old building__________is in front of my house fell down.
A. of which B. which C. whose D. whom
14. We’ll come in July __________the schools are on holiday.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
15. The film about _________they are talking about is fantastic.
A. who B. which C. whom D. that
16. He is the boy _________is my best friend.
A. that B. whom C. who D. A& C
17. I’ll see you near the post office __________we met the other day.
A. which B. where C. when D. why
18. He is the boy _______ is my best friend.
A. that B. whom C. who D. A& C
19. I met a lot of new people at the party ________ names I can’t remember.
A. whose B. which C. who D. whom
20. Tell me the reason ______ you were absent yesterday.
A. where B. whenC. why D. that
21. February, which is the second month of the year, is the month _______ many of my
colleagues take vacation for skiing.
A. which B. when C. in which D. where
22. The dress _______ the movie star is wearing weighs about fifty pounds.
A. whom B. that C. why D. which
23. Playing fetch, our dogs, ran after the tennis ball _______ bounced across the kitchen
floor.
A. that B. whose C. which D. who
24. The old words you see on the board, most _______ were becoming obsolete, are now
trending again.
A. where B. of which C. at which D. that
25. The family _______ house was decorated the most beautifully for the holidays will
receive a trophy.
A. which B. whose C. whom D. why
BT 3: Viết lại các câu dưới đây để tạo thành câu có chứa đại từ quan hệ
1. The man is her father. You met him last week.
➔ _______________________________________________________________
2. Zoe likes the blue T-shirt. My sister is wearing it.
➔ _______________________________________________________________
3. Show me the new hats. You bought them last night.
➔ _______________________________________________________________
1. That is a company. It produces rings.
➔ _______________________________________________________________
2. The children were attracted by the show. It was performed so many.
➔ _______________________________________________________________
3. My best friend can compose songs. Ly sings folk songs very well.
➔ _______________________________________________________________
4. Tet is a festival. Tet often happens in late January or early February.
➔ _______________________________________________________________
5. Zoe bought a new phone yesterday. I can use it to send and receive messages.
➔ _______________________________________________________________
6. Jack is the boy. He is giving my mom a gift.
➔ _______________________________________________________________

7. We employed the lawyer. Julie recommended the lawyer.

➔ _______________________________________________________________
11. Zoe has a sister. Her sister’s name is Juma.
➔ _______________________________________________________________
12. The fruit is on the table. I bought the fruit.
➔ _______________________________________________________________
11. The wallet belongs to John. Lucy found the wallet in the garden.
➔ _______________________________________________________________
14. The food was delicious. David cooked the food.
➔ _______________________________________________________________
15. The car was stolen. My father gave me the car.
➔ _______________________________________________________________
BT 4: Dùng giới từ đặt trước đại từ quan hệ
1. She is a woman. I told you about her.
➔ _______________________________________________________________
2. I’ll give you an address. You should write to it.
➔ _______________________________________________________________
3. The picture is beautiful. She was looking at it.
➔ _______________________________________________________________
4. The movie is fantastic. They are talking about it.
➔ _______________________________________________________________
5. The song was interesting. We listened to it last night.
➔ ______________________________________________________________
BT 5. Viết lại câu mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn
1. The man who is standing there is a clown.
➔ ______________________________________________________________
2. The envelop which lies on the table has no stamp on it.
➔ ______________________________________________________________
3. My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house.
➔ ______________________________________________________________
4. The student don't know how to do exercise which were given by the teacher
yesterday.
➔ ______________________________________________________________
5. The diagrams which were made by young Faraday were sent to Sir Humphry
Davy at the end of 1812.
➔ ______________________________________________________________
6. You are the last person who saw her alive.
➔ ______________________________________________________________
7. The pilot was the only one who survived the air crash.
➔ ______________________________________________________________
8. All students who don't hand in their papers will fail in the exam.
➔ ______________________________________________________________
9. I saw many houses that were destroyed by the storm.
➔ ______________________________________________________________
10. He was the second man who was killed in this way.
➔ ______________________________________________________________
11. Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon.
➔ ______________________________________________________________
12. The system which is used here is very successful.
➔ ______________________________________________________________
13. John, who teaches my son, is my neighbor.
➔ ______________________________________________________________
14. He simply loves parties. He is always the first who comes and the last who goes.
➔ ______________________________________________________________
15. The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which has been built on the Clyde.
➔ ______________________________________________________________