PART FOUR: HANDBOOK OF SENTENCE SKILLS

PART FOUR: HANDBOOK OF SENTENCE SKILLS

Chapter 20: Fragments

Activity 1 on Dependent Word Groups (407-408)

Note: Answers will vary; examples are shown.

1. Unless I start practicing more, I am not going to perform very well at the recital.
2. Although I had studied for several hours, I still didn’t pass the exam.
3. Because I had just gotten paid, I was able to buy all my textbooks.
4. Until the new mall opened, we shopped in town.
5. The car that I bought turned out to be a lemon.

Activity 2 on Dependent-Word Fragments (page 408)

1. Whenever I turn on the vacuum, my cat flattens herself and tries

to get out of the room.
…room, whenever I….
2. Philadelphia was originally a Quaker colony. That was founded by
William Penn in 1681.
…Quaker colony that was founded by William Penn in 1861.
3. Anna is the manager of the new neighborhood garden. That was started to
encourage people to grow their own food.
…garden that was started to encourage people to grow their own
food.
4. Since Connor first began watching NOVA. He has been
fascinated with space.
… NOVA, he has been….
5. Roman law was first recorded in 450 B.C. in what was known as the “twelve
tablets.” It lasted for many centuries. Until the fall of the eastern Roman Empire
nearly 2,000 years later.
… for many centuries until the fall of…

Activity 3 on -ing Fragments (page 410)

1. Ramses II ruled over Egypt from 1279 to 1212 B.C., making his
country stronger than ever before.
2. … street. It came to a stop at my house.
3. The reason for this was that a research paper had just been
assigned to students in an ancient history class.

Activity 4 on -ing and to Fragments (410-411)

Note: Answers may vary.

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1. Knowing she had not finished the book, Madelyn was very
nervous about going to class.
2. I hired a neighbor boy to mow my lawn and weed the garden.
3. Searching for the right filament for his incandescent light bulb,
Thomas Edison (1847-1931) found that a strip of carbonized
bamboo could glow for 1,200 hours.
4. Cullen and Bryson have been friends since first grade. They are
graduating from high school this May.
5. To get his company to grow rapidly, Harvey Firestone launched a
vigorous marketing campaign.

Activity 5 on Added-Detail Fragments (page 412)

1. [For example, purchasing clothes at a discounted price.] For

example, she purchases clothes at a discounted price.
2. Several nineteenth-century inventors had designed self-propelled
vehicles like the one that ran on high-pressure steam.
3. I love to eat “b” vegetables such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts,
and beans, because they are full of vitamins.

Activity 6 on Added-Detail Fragments (413)

Note: Methods of correction may vary.

1. The music festival had an amazing lineup. For example, the

Black Eyed Peas, Maroon 5, and Coldplay are all scheduled to
perform.
2. Some European countries, such as Switzerland and Portugal,
remained neutral during World War II.
3. The house was overrun with cats. At least twenty of them lived
there.
4. Chloe loves to collect rare pieces of pottery like jasperware.
5. I know why I had to learn certain subjects in high school, such as
American history.

Activity 7 on Missing-Subject Fragments (page 414)

Note: Methods of correction may vary.

1. Ben loves to study math and science, but he refuses to study

history.
2. They have an amazing gluten-free spinach pizza with fresh nut-
free pesto.
3. Kendall is allergic to dairy. She goes into anaphylactic shock and
loses her ability to breathe.

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 PART FOUR: HANDBOOK OF SENTENCE SKILLS

4.
When we arrived in Chicago, we took a train from the airport to
the center of the city. Then we walked a few blocks to our hotel.
5. Next fall, I plan to take a course in calculus and to join the
mathematics club.

Review Test 1 (415-416)

1. F 5. F 9. C 13. C 17. F
2. C 6. C 10. F 14 F 18. C
3. C 7. C 11. C 15. C 19. F
4. C 8. F 12. F 16. C 20. C

Corrections

Note: Methods of correction may vary.

1. For children in areas that get snow, there are stages of snow
days.
5. Making snowmen, drinking hot chocolate, and watching movies
are favorite activities.
8. …excitement of day one, but often lead into cabin fever,
boredom, and frustration.
10. Although movies are still an option, parents begin to feel guilty
that …
12. They suggest studying.
14. However, if more snow days occur, reality sets in and
despondency grows ...
17. …to maintain normalcy, and they start bargaining with the
school district….
19. The final stage for parents is despair, as the kids grow more and
more restless.

Review Test 2 (416-417)

1. We both began to tire as we passed the halfway mark in the

race. But whenever I’d hear Reggie’s footsteps behind me, I
would pump my legs a little faster.
2. The American Southwest is home to several Native American
nations, such as the Navajo, the Apache, and the Pueblo. The
East is the land of the Huron and Iroquois, along with the
Delaware and the Mohegan.
3. Punching all the buttons on the radio in sequence, Phil kept
looking for a good song. He was in the mood to cruise down the
highway and sing at the top of his voice.
4. My children joke that we celebrate “Hanumas” with our Jewish
neighbors. We share Hanukkah and Christmas activities,

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 PART FOUR: HANDBOOK OF SENTENCE SKILLS

including making potato pancakes at their house and decorating

our tree.
5. Pop artists gained fame in the 1950s, reacting to the more
established art forms like expressionism, which preceded them.
They portrayed common images from everyday life, such as
Coke bottles and soup cans.
6. Our landlord often invites her tenants to dinner, and allows them
to use her washer and dryer. By doing such things, she has
become known as the kindest person in our neighborhood.
7. The alley behind our house was flat except for a wide groove in
the center. We used to sail paper boats down the groove
whenever it rained hard enough to create a “river” there.
8. Don passed the computer school’s aptitude test. This qualifies
him for nine months of training. Don kidded that anyone could be
accepted if he or she had $4000.

Review Test 3 (page 417)

Note: Answers will vary; examples are given.

1. …in debt as a result of…

2. …manage money, students should be required...
3. …classes from elementary school...
4. …to budget allowances, how to save...
5. …get older, classes could be…
6. …different concepts like compound interest...
7. …history of economics, how the government…
8. …economics even further, explaining general interest…
9. …to intern at various businesses to learn economics…
10. …poor spending choices and enjoy better…

Chapter 21: Run-Ons

Activity 1 on Period and a Capital Letter (420-421)

1. today. It 6. velocities. He
2. image. They 7. Zimbabwe. Then
3. friends. I 8. services. He
4. plant. It 9. Spanish. He
5. style. Her 10. mysteries. She

Activity 2 on Comma and a Joining Word (page 422)

1. and 6. but
2. and 7. and

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3. but 8. so
4. but 9. but
5. for 10. so

Activity 3 on Comma and a Joining Word (page 423)

Note: Answers will vary; examples are given.

1. , but it’s not very clean.

2. , for he had a daytime job.
3. , and after dinner she went to the library.
4. , so she enrolled in a history class.
5. , but I wasn't hungry.

Activity 4 on Period and a Capital Letter or Comma and a Joining

Word (423-424)

Note: Answers may vary; examples are shown.

1. Scheele, and 6. stiff, but soaking

2. environment. They 7. work. Some
3. heat, so I 8. England, so
4. Russia. We 9. Correct
5. old, yet 10. city. We

Activity 5 on Semicolon (page 425)

1. plates; they 6. Japan; it

2. America; it 7. window; Joey
3. immense; it’s 8. microscope; he
4. bacon; her 9. street; the
5. covers; she 10. 1948; later

Activity 6 on Semicolon with a Transitional Word (page 426)

1. ; as a result, (or thus, consequently, or therefore)

2. ; on the other hand, (or however)
3. ; in addition, (or furthermore)
4. ; meanwhile,
5. ; consequently, (or thus, as a result, or therefore)

Review Test 1 (page 427-428)

Note: Some answers may vary.

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 PART FOUR: HANDBOOK OF SENTENCE SKILLS

1. brain. Then Or: brain, and then Or: brain;

then
2. heels. Then Or: heels, and then Or: heels;
then
3. diner. A Or: diner, and a Or: diner; a
4. occult. It Or: occult, for it Or: occult;
it
5. parents. This Or: parents, for this Or:
parents; this
6. deafness. He Or: deafness, so he Or:
deafness; he
7. far. Larger Or: far, so larger Or: far; larger
8. common. No Or: common, for no Or:
common; no

Review Test 2 (Page 428)

Note: Answers may vary.

1. coming. They Or: coming, and Or: coming;

they
2. there, eating
3. bathroom. She Or: bathroom; she
4. door. It
5. coffee, however, I Or: coffee; however, I

Chapter 22 : Misplaced Modifiers

Activity 1 on Misplaced Modifiers (430-431)

Note: The underlined part in each of the corrections below shows what
had been a misplaced modifier.

1. The patient on the psychiatrist’s couch talked about his

childhood.
Or: On the psychiatrist’s couch, the patient talked about his
childhood.
2. With swiveling heads, the crowd watched the tennis players.
3. Vonnie put four hamburger patties, which she was cooking for
dinner, on the counter.
4. Steve carefully hung in the bedroom closet the new suit that he
would wear to his first job interview.
5. The novel that Annie had borrowed from her cousin was about a
pioneer family.

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 PART FOUR: HANDBOOK OF SENTENCE SKILLS

6. The latest Denzel Washington movie has opened in almost 2,200

theaters across the country.
7. The chef advised us to place the casserole in a preheated oven
to be cooked properly.
8. Owing two months’ rent, the tenants left town in a dilapidated
old car.
Or: The tenants, owing two months’ rent, left town in a
dilapidated old car.
Or: The tenants who owed two months’ rent left town in a
dilapidated old car.
9. The plan was to construct a church made of brick and stone on
an acre of land.
10. In the greenhouse, I discovered an unusual plant that oozed a
milky juice.

Review Test 1 (page 431)

1. MM 6. C
2. C 7. MM
3. C 8. C
4. MM 9. MM
5. MM 10. C

Review Test 2 (page 432)

Note: The underlined part in each of the corrections below shows what
had been a misplaced modifier.

1. A poet and professor, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was born in 1907

in Portland, Maine.
2. One of Longfellow’s most famous poems is “Paul Revere’s Ride,”
depicting an historically important night during the Revolutionary
War.
3. In a poem, Longfellow wrote that rainbows are flowers that have died and gone
to heaven. Or: Longfellow wrote in a poem that rainbows are flowers that have
died and gone to heaven.
4. Longfellow’s wife, Frannie, died from terrible burns when her dress caught fire.
5. Longfellow never fully recovered and, eighteen years later, he commemorated his
wife’s death in the sonnet, “The Cross of Snow.”

Chapter 23: Dangling Modifiers

Activity 1 on Dangling Modifiers (434-436)

Note: Answers may vary.

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 PART FOUR: HANDBOOK OF SENTENCE SKILLS

1. When I applied a salve to the burn on my leg, the pain soon

subsided.
2. Marching across the field, the soldiers could see a distant river.
3. One can relieve stress by practicing daily relaxation techniques.
4. Avoiding foods high in fat and calories, Paul drastically improved
his health.
5. Since it was lit by several floodlights, the stage was clearly
visible to the audience.
6. As I was running through the rain, the puddles soaked my pants.
7. Because so many people were crammed tightly in the elevator,
the doors wouldn’t close.
8. Hoping to make his employees more comfortable, the new boss
purchased a dozen new chairs.
9. After the potholes were fixed, the roadway was smooth.
10. Screaming loudly, the young children on the roller coaster were
scared.

Review Test 1 (page 436)

1. DM 6. C
2. C 7. C
3. C 8. DM
4. DM 9. DM
5. DM 10. C

Review Test 2 (436-437)

1. Hoping to achieve higher test scores, students sometimes have

one top-performing student take the SAT or other standardized
tests for them.
2. Embarrassed by the widespread cheating, the testing companies
have introduced tighter rules.
3. Required to upload verified photo ID pictures when they register
and take the exam, students must now meet stricter
identification standards.
4. Stored in databases, the photos can be accessed by high school
and college admissions personnel.
5. The new rules have made it harder for students to cheat on the
SAT and ACT.

Review Test 3 (page 437)

Note: Answers will vary; examples are shown.

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 PART FOUR: HANDBOOK OF SENTENCE SKILLS

1. , Barry slowed the car down.

2. , the vase broke when I set it down too hard.
3. , the kids got soaking wet.
4. , Rosalie was admitted to Harvard Law School.
5. , Terry had gloomy thoughts of death.

Section II: Mechanics

Chapter 24: Manuscript Form

Activity 1 (440)

Note: Order of answers may vary.

2. Right-hand margin should not be crowded.

3. Title should not be in quotation marks.
4. In title, the word “Alone” should be capitalized.
5. A line should be skipped below the title.
6. Paragraph indent is needed.
7. The first sentence should stand independent of the title. (Here,
the meaning of “This” depends on the title.)

Chapter 25: Capital Letters

Activity 1 (443-444)

1. Orlando . . . Florida….Disney….World
2. Mcdonald’s…Quarter-Pounder…Big….Mac…Coke
3. Born…Raised…Shadow…Days
4. Brianna…July…Connor…Matteo…Campbell
5. The . . . Black…Eyed…Peas…Fergie’s
6. Rory . . . Maggie. . . Noah. . . Highlights
7. Vineyard…West…Chop
8. Daisy…Troop…Cedar…Creek…Elementary
9. Dr. . . . Landown
10. Tuesday . . . Labor. . . Day. . .Moore. . .Hall

Activity 2 (page 446)

1. Boston…Tea…Party…British…American
2. Korea . . . French . . . Swiss . . . Chinese
3. Uncle … Harvey
4. Introduction . . . Web … Design
5. Vietnamese

Activity 3 on Unnecessary Use of Capitals (page 447)

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1. provinces…north…east…west
2. world's…continent…countries…nations
3. electron . . . microscope . . . television . . . atomic
4. poem . . . epic . . . poem . . . warrior
5. saga…rise…fall

Review Test 1 (447-448)

1. French…British
2. British…United…States…America…French…revolution
3. French . . . Third…Estate…they…First…Estate
4. July…Parisian…Bastille
5. Monarchy…the…Reign…Terror
6. A . . . France . . . Napoleon
7. Emperor . . . Napoleon. . . French . . . Russia
8. European . . . Alliance . . . Napoleon
9. nationalism . . . Europe
10. Congress . . . Vienna . . .
monarchs. . .Europe. . .nineteenth. . .century

Chapter 26: Numbers and Abbreviations

Activity 1 on Numbers (page 451)

1. three-thirty 3:30 . . . one-sixteen 116 . . . Forty-Second 42nd

2. four o'clock 4:00…twenty 20
3. fifty 50 . . . tenth 10 (or 10th)

Activity 2 on Abbreviations (451-452)

1. Nov. November . . . Jan. January . . . lbs. pounds

2. A.M. morning…caf cafeteria
3. p.o. post office . . . min. minutes . . . dol. dollars

Review Test 1 (page 452)

1. S. Shive
2. Prof. Professor
3. four 4
4. Prof. Professor
5. 3 three
6. Psych. psychology
7. Sept. September
8. twenty 20

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 PART FOUR: HANDBOOK OF SENTENCE SKILLS

9. Psych.drs. psychologists
10. exp. experimental
11. One 1
12. & and
13. 3rd third
14. 7 seven
15. pg. page
16. fifty-six 56
17. Hosp. Hospital
18. one-thirty 1:30
19. ped. pediatric
20. psych. psychology
21. dept. department
22. Thx. Thank you
23. Tom Thomas Shive

Section III: Punctuation

Chapter 27: Apostrophe

Activity 1 on Apostrophe in Contractions (page 455)

1. Aren't
2. they’re . . . don't
3. I’m . . . who’s
4. Who's…it's…We're
5. can’t . . . there’s

Activity 2 on Apostrophe to Show Ownership or Possession (page

457)

1. Great Britain's capital 6. Libby’s car

2. One of New York City's major attractions 7. In the bakery’s
window
3. Switzerland's three official languages 8. Caden’s
apartment
4. The Previn family's piano 9. Brock’s tennis
shoes
5. John’s computer 10. Whitney Parker’s house

Activity 3 on Apostrophe to Show Ownership or Possession (page

458)

Note: Sentence responses will vary; below are the possessive forms of the
given words.

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2. The government’s
3. Annalise’s
4. The grocery store’s
5. The golden retriever’s
6. The ski resort’s

Activity 4 on Apostrophe versus Simple Plurals (page 459)

1. Possessive: wife’s arm

Plural: skates
2. Possessive: Vonette’s decision
Plurals: predictions . . . opportunities
3. Possessive: Picasso's paintings
Plurals: paintings…museums
4. Possessive: doctor’s request
Plural: scars
5. Possessive: people’s names, world’s countries
Plurals: names . . . countries
6. Possessive: Seville's many
Plurals: attractions…Moors…centuries
7. Possessive: children’s shouts
Plurals: shouts . . . eggs . . . lightbulbs . . . items
8. Possessive: Tina’s camping handbook
Plurals: tablets . . . ropes
9. Possessive: children's novel
Plurals: readers…years
10. Possessive: rattlesnake’s head
Plural: eyes

Activity 5 on Apostrophe with Plurals Ending in -s (page 460)

1. campers’ tents
2. Johnsons' daughters
3. cities' subway and bus systems
4. twins’ habit
5. cars’ windshields

Review Test 1 (page 460)

1. state’s corrected to states’

2. capital’s corrected to capitals
3. Virginias corrected to Virginia’s
4. wouldnt corrected to wouldn’t
5. lions corrected to lion’s
6. Kentuckys corrected to Kentucky’s

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7. boys’ corrected to boys

8. Connecticuts corrected to Connecticut’s
9. Arkansas’ corrected to Arkansas’s
10. rocks’ corrected to rocks
11. States corrected to State’s
12. students corrected to students’

Chapter 28: Quotation Marks

Introductory text (page 462)

1. capital
2. new
3. Commas
4. inside

Activity 1 on Set Off Words of a Speaker or Writer (462-463)

1.
Several people have been credited with saying, “The more I see
of people, the more I like dogs.”
2. "Let nature be your teacher," advised the poet William
Wordsworth.
3. According to the Bible, "The laborer is worthy of his hire."
4. “The ballot,” said Abraham Lincoln, “is stronger than the bullet.”
5. “When chefs go to great lengths,” the woman at the diet center
said, “I go to great widths.”
6. My friend said that when she dies, she wants her headstone to
read, “She lived life to the fullest!”
7. “I apologize that my homework is tattered and stained,” said the
child, “but I dropped it in a mud puddle.”
8. Marilyn Monroe said, “I restore myself when I’m alone.”
9. The article warned residents, “Severe weather is expected to
arrive within the next two days.”
10. Although he is most known for being funny, when Robin Williams
said, “No matter what people tell you, words and ideas can
change the world,” he was giving serious advice.

Activity 3 on Indirect Quotations (page 465)

2. Monica said, "My grandmother has been the role model for
several women in my family."
3. Angelo said, “I want a box of the extra-crispy chicken.”
4. My history professor told us, "Tomatoes were first grown in
Peru."
5. The instructor announced, “Thursday’s test has been canceled.”

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Activity 4 on Titles (page 466)

1. In her short story “A Sea Worry,” Maxine Hong Kingston

describes a group of teenage surfers and a mother who tries to
understand them.
2. The January issue of Discover magazine included an article
entitled "Lost Cities of the Amazon."
3. We read the chapter “Pulling Up Roots” in Gail Sheehy’s book
Passages.
4. Raymond gave me a copy of last month's National Geographic
magazine, which featured a story called "Saving Energy: It
Starts at Home."
5. The movie Casablanca, which starred Humphrey Bogart, was
originally cast with Ronald Reagan in the leading role.
6. One of my grandfather's favorite old TV shows was Thriller, a
horror series hosted by Boris Karloff, the man who starred in the
1931 movie Frankenstein.
7. When the Beatles’ movie A Hard Day’s Night was first shown,
fans screamed so much that no one could hear the songs or the
dialogue.
8. Pinned on Jeffery's wall is the cover of a recent issue of Rolling
Stone. The cover has a photo of the British rock group The
Rolling Stones.
9. The sociology test will cover the first two chapters: “Culture and
Diversity” and “Social Stratification.”
10. An article in Consumer Reports called “Which Cereal for
Breakfast?” claims that children can learn to like low-sugar
cereals like Cheerios and Wheaties.

Review Test 1 (467-468)

1. In Monty Python and the Holy Grail, John Cleese famously says, “I
fart in your general direction. Your mother was a hamster and
your father smelt of elderberries.”
2. In The Usual Suspects, Verbal Kint (Kevin Spacey) claims, “The
greatest trick the devil ever pulled was convincing the world he
didn’t exist.”
3. In the short story, “The Death of Ivan Ilych,” Leo Tolstoy writes,
“In place of death there was light.”
4. “Remember to let her into your heart,” is one of the memorable
lines from the Beatles’ song, “Hey Jude.”
5. Tom Hanks plays a coach in A League of Their Own, but it
certainly isn’t his finest moment when he yells at one of his
players, “Are you crying? There’s no crying! There’s no crying in
baseball!” [Correct]

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6. Forrest Gump includes many quotable lines, such as, “Run,

Forrest, run. Run, Forrest!” and “Mama says, ‘Stupid is as stupid
does.’”
7. Richard Wilbur opens his poem, “The Writer,” with these lines,
“In her room at the prow of the house/ Where light breaks, and
the windows are tossed with linden,/ My daughter is writing a
story.”
8. Emily Blunt’s character in The Devil Wears Prada explains, “I’m
just one stomach flu away from my goal weight.”
9. “Find a truly original idea. It is the only way I will ever
distinguish myself. It is the only way I will ever matter,” John
Nash moans in A Beautiful Mind.
10. Robin Williams inspires his students in Dead Poets Society when
he says, “…But if you listen real close, you can hear them
whisper their legacy to you. Go on, lean in. Listen, you hear it?
Carpe, Carpe diem. Seize the day, boys. Make your lives
extraordinary.”

Chapter 29: Comma

Activity 1 on Comma Between Items in a Series (page 470)

1. southern swamps, streams, lakes, and other

2. hammock, popped open a frosty can of soda, and
3. warm, deep, swirling
4. eyes, relaxed manner, and
5. soft, warm

Activity 2 on Comma After Introductory Material (page 471)

1. bacteria, penicillin
2. wildly, Jesse
3. states, the Appalachian
4. begin, the audience
5. brook, we noticed

Activity 3 on Commas Around Words Interrupting the Flow of

Thought (page 472)

1. large pines, swaying in the wind,

2. Hawaii, which became the fiftieth state in 1959,
3. Liam Bage, an avid football fan,
4. weather, windy and wild,
5. actress, who has starred in many plays,

Activity 4 on Comma Between Complete Thoughts (473-474)

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 PART FOUR: HANDBOOK OF SENTENCE SKILLS

1. bulletin, and 6. reruns, so

2. Correct 7. camera, or
3. parlor, for 8. Correct
4. trees, and 9. Correct
5. tissue, but 10. Correct

Activity 5 on Comma with Direct Quotations (page 474)

1. whisper, “Ladybird
2. bursting," said
3. announced, “Tomorrow
4. it,” the detective …. murderer, “and I…
5. gap,” the conductor

Activity 6 on Comma with Everyday Material (page 475)

1. Dublin, Maggie,
2. July 15, 2009…Woodbridge Avenue, Fort Myers, Florida
3. 875,000 . . . October 16, 1995
4. shows, Elaine, . . . 1,231 . . . Sarasota, Florida
5. Highway, Great Plains, Minnesota

Review Test 1 (page 476)

Note: Wording of rules may vary.

1. tissues,” said . . . professor, “were

(comma with direct quotation)
2. large, juicy…sweet, cold, and refreshing
(comma between items in a series)
3. theater, we
(comma after introductory material)
4. counter, but
(comma between two complete thoughts)
5. reading, “Humans
(comma to set off a direct quotation)
6. plants, which now sell for very high prices,
(commas with words interrupting the flow of thought)
7. twenty-one, Tiger
(comma after introductory material)
8. Tucson, a large city in Arizona,
(commas with words interrupting the flow of thought)
9. Tunisia, Libya, Niger, Mali, and Mauritania
(comma between items in a series)
10. dogs, like most animals,

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 PART FOUR: HANDBOOK OF SENTENCE SKILLS

(commas with words interrupting the flow of thought)

Review Test 2 (page 477)

1. gym, Nikki
2. said, “Golf
3. faculty, Jason's
4. highway, so
5. C
6. ceremony, students fanned themselves with commencement
programs,
7. dead, the space shuttle . . . February 1, 2003.
8. little,” said Ernie, “my
9. medieval art, which is part of the New York Metropolitan Museum
of Art,
10. June 24, 1948, the Soviet Union…However, this…May 11, 1949,
when

Review Test 3 (477-478)

1. students, engenders
2. evaluation, she
3-4. students, except two,
5. activity, and
6. students, “Either
7. activity, they
8. portfolios, and
9. portfolio, and
10. expository, and

Chapter 30: Other Punctuation Marks

Activity 1 on Colon (page 4800

1. speech:
2. used:
3. education:

Activity 2 on Semicolon (page 480)

1. creates; Shiva…destroys; and

2. camera; my last
3. $200; by . . . $100; and

Activity 3 on Dash (page 481)

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 PART FOUR: HANDBOOK OF SENTENCE SKILLS

1. leg—broken in three places—lay

2. lives—they
3. thing—a hot

Activity 4 on Parentheses (page 481)

1. independent (the country had been part of the Soviet Union

since 1922), in
2. seasons (1984–1996).
3. Stone (Book 1), I

Activity 5 on Hyphen (page 482)

1. blood-red . . . picture-perfect
2. lily-covered…sweet-smelling
3. well-written . . . nerve-racking

Review Test 1 (482-483)

1. nephew—it's
2. sister (who will be six next week) started
3. students: “Always
4. cherry-flavored
5. Fermium (named after the Italian physicist Enrico Fermi, who
helped develop the atomic bomb) is
6. first-grader; . . . third-grader;
7. class—read
8. warm-hearted
9. groups; other
10. toilet: hire
Section IV: Word Use

Chapter 31: Effective Word Choice

Note: Answers may vary in all of the sentences that follow.

Activity 1 on Slang (486-487)

1. When our car broke down, the police were very helpful; they
called a tow truck, which got there very quickly.
2. I was astonished when I saw my parents dancing to rock music at
my cousin's anniversary party.
3. Theo was so tired after his workout at the gym that he couldn’t
find the energy to defrost a frozen dinner.

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 PART FOUR: HANDBOOK OF SENTENCE SKILLS

4. When Rick tried to flirt with Lola at the school party, she told him
to leave.
5. The entire town was thrilled that the corrupt mayor was arrested.

Activity 2 on Clichés (page 488)

1. got away with murder

As the only girl in an otherwise all-boy family, I could do anything
I wanted.
Or: I was spoiled.
2. on top of the world…as healthy as a horse
I was extremely happy to hear that I was in excellent health.
3. a shot in the dark
My suggestion is just a guess, but it’s better than nothing.
4. more than she bargained for
Janice got more work than she expected when she offered to
help Larry with his homework.
5. stone's throw…as good as it gets
Near the Colosseum in Rome are some restaurants where the
food is the best in the world.
6. really hits the spot
On a hot, sticky midsummer day, iced tea or any frosty drink is
really satisfying.
Or: is really refreshing.
7. thanks her lucky stars
Nadia is grateful that she was born with brains, beauty, and
humility.
8. right up my alley
Anything that involves mathematical ability has always been
easy for me.
Or: I’ve always done well at anything that….
9. old hat…came upon the scene…it raised a few eyebrows
The Montessori system of education is accepted now but, when it
was first introduced, it was criticized.
10. up to our eyeballs in work
Even when we are overloaded with work, our boss wonders if we
have enough to do.
Or: Even when we are overworked or very busy . . .

Activity 4 on Pretentious Words (490)

Note: Rewritten versions may vary.

1. interrelate in a harmonious manner

Rico and his brother do not get along well.
2. conclusion eluded my comprehension

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 PART FOUR: HANDBOOK OF SENTENCE SKILLS

I didn’t understand the ending of the movie.

3. departmental conference will commence
The department meeting will begin promptly at two o’clock.
4. Utilization of the left lane is proscribed
Use of the left lane is reserved for buses.
5. writing implement malfunctioned
When my pen (or pencil) broke, I asked the professor for another.

Review Test 1 (page 490-491)

Note: Rewritten versions may vary.

1. strategically advantageous/beneficial
2. time and time again/[no replacement needed; words not needed
at all]
3. people who have emigrated from foreign la00s/immigrants
4. purloining/taking
5. nullifying/negative
6. indisputably wonderful augmentations/positive contributions
7. and got his act together/ [no replacement needed; words not
needed at all]
8. the golden opportunities that come once in a lifetime/the
opportunities
9. the delectations of the palatableness/the great tastes
10. physicians of medicine/doctors
11. Last but not least/Finally, it’s worth noting that
12. should be cognizant that it isn’t an either-or issue/should
understand it is a complex issue

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