General Information

Philippine Constitution

1. What are 3 main branches of the Government of the Philippines?

Answer: Executive Branch - implements and enforces laws headed by the President, includes the
Vice President, Cabinet members, and various government department and agencies.

Legislative Branch – Composed of the Congress of the Philippines, which is bicameral:

Senate (upper house)

House of Representatives (lower house)

Has the authority to make, change, and revoke laws. This branch can confirm or reject presidential
appointments and has the authority to declare war.

Judicial Branch – Headed by the Supreme Court of the Philippines. This branch interprets law and
ensures justice is administered. Includes lower courts such as the Court of Appeals, Regional Trial
Courts, and others.

2. The legislative power shall be vested in the Congress of the Philippines, which shall consist of a
Senate and a House of Representatives.

Answer: In the Philippines, the power to make laws is given to the Congress, which is the country’s
legislative branch. Congress is bicameral, meaning it has two parts:

Senate – The upper house, with senators elected nationwide.

House of Representatives – The lower house, with members elected by districts and through party-
lists.

Together, they create, debate, and pass laws for the country.

3. Who is the current Senate President of the Philippines?

Answer: Francis Joseph “Chiz” Escudero, was elected on May 20, 2024.

4. Who is the current Speaker of the House of Representatives in the Philippines?

Answer: Ferdinand Martin G. Romualdez, was elected as a speaker on July 25, 2022.

5. Who is the current Chairperson of the House Committee on Appropriations?

Answer: Elizaldy “Zaldy” Co, resigned on January 13, 2025 so the current acting chairperson is Stella
Luz Quimbo.

6. The executive power shall be vested in the President of the Philippines.

Answer: In the Philippines, the executive power is held by the President, who is the head of
government and the head of state.
7. The Commander-in-Chief of all armed forces of the Philippines this 2024 is Pres. Ferdinand
“Bong Bong” Romualdez Marcos Jr..
8. The Judicial power shall be vested in One Supreme Court and such lower courts as may be
established by law.
9. The Supreme Court shall be composed of a Chief Justice and fourteen Associate Justices.
10. It is a written instrument by which the fundamental powers of the Philippines government are
established, limited and defined and by which their power is distributed among several branches
for the benefit of the people. It also known as the highest law of the land?

Answer: The Philippine Constitution

11. This constitutional principle is meant that no man in the country, not even the government, is
above or beyond the law.

Answer: Rule of Law

12. According to the 1987 Constitution, what kind of state is the Philippines?

Answer: Democratic- Power is exercised by the people through elections and other forms of
participation.

Republican – it has an elected head of state and operates under a system of laws and a constitution.

13. The term of office of the President and Vice-president of the Philippines shall be up to how
many years?

Answer: President: 6 years, no re-election, while Vice President 6 years, may be re-elected once.

14. The Senate shall be composed of how many senators elected at large by voters of the
Philippines?

Answer: 24 senators elected at large.

15. How long shall the term of office of the senators be commenced?

Answer: The term of office of the senators is six (6) years.

16. The members of the House of Representatives shall be elected for a term of 3 years.
17. The Congress, by a vote of two-thirds of both Houses in joint session assembled, voting
separately, shall have the sole power to declare a state of war.
18. According to Article VII, Section 4, what is the term of office for the President?

Answer: The term of office for the President is six (6) years, and re-election is not allowed.

19. What do you call the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the
Philippines?

Answer: Malacañang Palace

20. Who has the sole authority to declare the existence of a state of war?

Answer: The Congress

21. Who shall have the exclusive power to initiate all cases of impeachment?

Answer: House of Representatives

22. The three inherent powers of the state are the following except one:

Answer: Power of Impeach/Impeachment.

23. It is the power of the State to promote public welfare by restraining the use of both liberty and
poverty of all people.

Answer: Police Power

24. It is the power of the State to impose charge or burden to persons and properties, and property
rights for the purpose of raising revenues to protect people and extend public projects and
services.

Answer: Power or Taxation

25. It is the power of the State to take properties for the purpose of public use upon payment of just
compensation.

Answer: Power of Eminent Domain

26. It is the right and obligation by all citizens, who are at least 18 years of age, and qualified by law,
to vote in the election of national and local officials of the government without literacy,
property, or other substantive requirement.

Answer: Suffrage

27. It state that “no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law,
nor any person be denied the equal protection of the laws”.

Answer: Bill of Rights

28. The following are members of Constitutional Commission except:

Answers: Commission on Civil Rights

29. What is the stance of the State on Education?

Answer: The state shall protect the rights of all citizens to quality education at all levels.

30. What is the legal position of the State regarding labor?

Answer: The State shall promote full employment and equality of employment opportunities for all.

31. What is the right of the people in matters of information?

Answer: The right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be recognized.

32. What does the State provide for the well-being of all Filipino children?

Answer: It promotes and protects their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and social well-being.
33. What shall the State protect and promote regarding the people’s health?

Answer: The State shall protect and promote the right to health of the people and instill health
consciousness among them.

34. All of the following are TRUE except:

Answer: No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall not be enacted.

35. The following are citizen of the Philippines except:

Answer: All of the above are true

36. What is the mandate of the State concerning the protection of workers?

Answer: The State shall afford full protection to labor, local and overseas, organized and
unorganized.

37. The 1987 Constitution contains at least 3 sets of provisions. Which one of the following
provisions is NOT included?

Answer: Constitution of Universality

38. Also known as Tanod-bayan ng Pilipinas, he/she is responsible for investigating and prosecuting
Philippine government officials accused of crimes, especially graft and corruption.

Answer: Ombudsman

39. Which committee in the Philippine Senate is responsible for investigating alleged misconduct by
the government, its officials, and its affiliated agencies, including government-owned and
controlled corporations, in aid of legislation primarily to recommend new laws or propose
amendments to existing laws?

Answer: Blue Ribbon Committee

40. It is written instrument containing the proposition and required number of signatories and shall
be in a form determined by and submitted to the Commission on Elections.

Answer: Petition

41. It is the electoral process by which an initiative on the Constitution is either approved or
rejected by the people.

Answer: Plebiscite

42. It is the power of the electorate to approve or reject a legislation through an election called for
the purpose.

Answer: Referendum

43. It is a method by which a public officer may be removed from office during his tenure or before
the expiration of his term by a vote of the people after registration of a petition signed by a
required percentage of the qualified voters.
Answer: Recall

44. What is the smallest local government unit?

Answer: Barangay

45. Shall be the SOLE JUDGE of electoral disputes involving the President-elect and the Vice-
President elect under the 1987 Constitution.

Answer: The Supreme Court

46. A basic social institution that our State should strengthen according to the Constitution under
our declaration of principles.

Answer: Family

47. Fill in the blank of the first line of the Philippine Constitution: “We, the sovereign Filipino people
imploring the aid of Almighty God.
48. The following shall be exempted from taxation except:

Answer: Lands and Buildings

49. What is the system of rules of a specific nation, state, or community used to maintain order and
peace, and, if broken, is enforced by the governing body?

Answer: Laws

50. Under the law, this is a kind of registration whereby the act is done through the court.

Answer: Judicial Registration/Judicial

Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards

51. R.A. 6713 is an act to uphold the time-honored principle of public office being a public trust,
granting incentives and rewards for exemplary service, enumerating prohibited acts and
providing penalties for violations thereof and for other purposes.

Answer: Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees.

52. What is the main purpose of RA 6713?

Answer: To set ethical standards and conduct guidelines for public officials and employees.

53. Which government entity is primarily responsible for implementing RA 6713?

Answer: Civil Service Commission

54. Under RA 6713, public officials and employees shall always uphold the public interest over and
above:

Answer: Personal Interest

55. According to RA 6713, what is considered the most basic obligation of every public official or
employee?

Answer: Serving with professionalism

56. Under RA 6713, public officials and employees are required to submit what kind or declaration?

Answer: Declaration of Assets, Liabilities, and Net Worth.

57. The following are duties and responsibilities of Public officials and Employees except:

Answer: Accept gifts from the public upon prioritizing their queries.

58. What is prohibited under RA 6713 in terms of gifts and benefits?

Answer: Accepting gifts from any person or entity involved in business with the government.

59. What does RA 6713 require in relation to the time of public officials and employees?

Answer: They must use government time, resources, and powers efficiently and effectively.

60. Which of the following is NOT a principle stated in RA 6713?

Answer: Respect for hierarchy

61. Under RA 6713, what should public officials prioritize over their personal interests?

Answer: Public interest

62. RA 6713 mandates public officials and employees to submit which of the following documents
regularly?

Answer: Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Net Worth (SALN)

63. Public officials and employees must provide all public documents requested within how many
working days under RA 6713?

Answer: 15 days

64. Under RA 6713, which of the following is required for public officials in terms of public
information?

Answer: Full transparency

65. How often must public officials and employees file their Statements of Assets, Liabilities, and
Net Worth (SALNs)?

Answer: Annually

66. What type of personal and financial data should be included in the SALN according to RA 6713?

Answer: Personal data and business interests

67. RA 6713 applies to which group of people?

Answer: All public officials and employees, whether elected or appointed

68. Which of the following behaviors is expected under RA 6713 in terms of personal behavior?

Answer: Simple living

69. RA 6713 defines "public office" as a:

Answer: Public trust

70. How long after leaving government service must a public official or employee file their final
SALN?

Answer: 30 days

71. According to RA 6713, what should public officials do in case of receiving gifts?

Answer: Decline any gift given in the course of their official duties.

72. RA 6713 promotes accountability. What should public officials do if they are accused of
wrongdoing?

Answer: Submit themselves to investigation and cooperate with authorities

73. Political neutrality means that public officials and employees.

Answer: Shall provide service to anyone without unfair discrimination and regardless of party
affiliation or preference.

74. What does RA 6713 require regarding the financial disclosure of immediate family members?

Answer: All immediate family members' financial interests must be disclosed

75. It sets down in unequivocal terms the mandate that all government officials and employees,
shall at all times, be answerable for their misconduct to the people.

Answer: Accountability

Peace and Human Rights Issues and Concepts

76. What document is considered the foundational international text for human rights?

Answer: Universal Declaration of Human Rights

77. What does the term "civil rights" generally refer to?

Answer: Rights related to political and social equality

78. What term is often used in the Philippines to label critics, activists, or journalists as communists
or terrorists, leading to potential physical attacks?

Answer: Yellow-tagging

79. What recent legislation in the Philippines has raised concerns among human rights advocates
regarding freedom of expression?

Answer: Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020

80. As of 2024, what is the status of the divorce bill in the Philippine Senate?

Answer: Awaiting committee hearings

81. What significant event took place in the peace talks between the Philippine government and the
New People's Army (NPA) in November 2023?

Answer: Peace talks resumed after six years.

82. Who recently called for the resumption of peace talks in the Philippines?

Answer: Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP)

83. Which agency has been criticized for human rights violations in the Philippines'
counterinsurgency campaign?

Answer: Armed Forces of the Philippines

84. What does the term refugee specifically refer to?

Answer: A person forced to leave their country due to fear of persecution

85. Which right is included in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights?

Answer: Right to freedom of expression

86. Which right is violated by wiretapping?

Answer: The right of privacy of communication

87. What does "presumption of innocence" mean in terms of human rights?

Answer: A suspect remains innocent until proven guilty.

88. APEC is a summit that promotes free trade and economic cooperation throughout the Asia-
Pacific region countries. APEC stands for:

Answer: Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation

89. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) aims to accelerate economic growth, stability,
social progress and cultural development in the spirit of equality and partnership to strengthen
prosperous and peaceful community along Southeast Asian Nations. Which of the following
countries is not a member of ASEAN?

Answer: Hong Kong

90. What recent action by China in the West Philippine Sea has been condemned by the
international community?

Answer: Intercepting Filipino fishing boats

91. The Scarborough Shoal dispute involves which two countries?

Answer: Philippines and China

92. What is the significance of the 2016 Hague ruling regarding the South China Sea?

Answer: It supported the Philippines' territorial claims

93. What is the name of the joint military exercise conducted in 2024 between the Philippines and
the United States?

Answer: Balikatan 2024

94. These are the primary focus of the Balikatan 2024 military exercises. EXCEPT

Answer: Cybersecurity

95. In the context of peace talks, what does DDR stand for?

Answer: Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration

Environmental Management and Protection

96. What is the Writ of Kalikasan?

Answer: A legal remedy for environmental protection

97. Which law is known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000?

Answer: Republic Act No. 9003

98. What is the main objective of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act?

Answer: To promote recycling and waste reduction

99. Which sector is mainly responsible for plastic pollution in the Philippines?

Answer: Industrial packaging

100. Republic Act No. 11898, also known as the "Extended Producer
Responsibility Act (EPRA) of 2022," focuses on addressing which of the following environmental
issues in the Philippines?

Answer: Plastic waste management

1. According to EPRA of 2002, this refers to a measure of the amount of goods produced,
imported, distributed, or supplied by a product producer, and deemed to cause damage to the
environment.

Answer: Carbon Footprints

2. What is the main purpose of the Extended Producer Responsibility Act (EPRA) of 2022?

Answer: To institutionalize the accountability of producers in the management of plastic packaging

waste

3. The law mandates that large enterprises must establish an EPR program. Large enterprises are
defined in the act as those with total assets exceeding:

Answer: Php 1 billion

4. The EPRA of 2022 requires companies to implement a plastic waste recovery program. What is
the minimum annual plastic recovery target by 2028?

Answer: 80%

5. waste breaks down into natural components and can be recycled into the life cycle
naturally.

Answer: Biodegradable

6. The following are examples of non-biodegradable waste except:

Answer: Papers

7. What is the main purpose of the Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999?

Answer: To control air pollution

8. Which of the following is a significant contributor to air pollution in urban areas of the
Philippines?

Answer: Industrial emissions

9. What does the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 aim to protect?

Answer: Water bodies from pollution

10. What is the primary cause of water pollution in the Philippines?

Answer: Domestic sewage

11. Which law requires an Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) for projects?

Answer: Presidential Decree No. 1586

12. Which Philippine government program focuses on rehabilitating watersheds and forests as a
response to climate change and natural disasters like typhoons?

Answer: National Greening Program (NGP)

13. What is the primary goal of the Philippine Agenda 21?

Answer: To achieve sustainable development

14. PA 21 aligns with which international agenda for sustainable development?

Answer: United Nations Agenda 2030

15. In Philippine Agenda 21, what does the term "Sustainable Development" specifically mean?

Answer: Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs