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Mock Test Solutions in English
Questions
1. With reference to polymerase chain reaction (PCR), consider the following statements:
1) It is a technique used to make numerous copies of a specific segment of DNA quickly and accurately.
2) The method involves using short DNA sequences called primers to select the portion of the genome to
be amplified.
3) It has found application in modification of DNA fragments, detection of mutations relevant for inherited
diseases and DNA analysis of archaeological specimens.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only B. 1 and 3 only
C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3
2. With reference to Human Cloning, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1) In cloning a somatic cell is taken from a donor and is used to create an embryo.
2) Cloning produces genetically identical copies of a biological entity.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
A. 1 only B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2
3. With reference to CRISPR-Cas9 technology, consider the following statements:
1) It is a genome editing tool consisting of an enzyme and a piece of RNA.
2) Cas9 recognises the target sequence in the gene to cut the foreign DNA for repair.
3) It can be used to genetically modify foods to improve their nutritional values and increase their shelf
life.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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A. 1 only B. 3 only
C. 1 and 2 only D. 1 and 3 only
4. With reference to the Three Parent Baby, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1) The baby will have an equal proportion of DNA from the father, the mother and the donor.
2) It has been developed to avoid transmission of the genetic disorder from the mother to child.
3) The genetic information of the donor cannot be passed to the future generations of the baby.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
A. 1 only B. 2 and 3 only
C. 2 only D. 1, 2 and 3
5. With reference to ‘MANAV: Human Atlas Initiative’, consider the following statements:
1) It is a unified database of all the molecular tissues in the human body.
2) It is completely funded by the Government of India.
3) The Human Cell Atlas project is a similar collaborative effort at world level.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3
6. With reference to the Three Parent Baby, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1) The baby will have an equal proportion of DNA from the father, the mother and the donor.
2) It has been developed to avoid transmission of the genetic disorder from the mother to child.
3) The genetic information of the donor cannot be passed to the future generations of the baby.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
A. 1 only B. 2 and 3 only
C. 2 only D. 1, 2 and 3
7. Which of the following gene bank facilities are part of 'National Gene Bank'?
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1) Field Genebank
2) Cryo Genebank
3) Seed Genebank
4) In Vitro Genebank
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
A. 1, 2 and 3 only B. 1, 2, 3 and 4
C. 1 and 3 only D. 2 and 4 only
8. Consider the following statements in respect of probiotics:
1. Probiotics are made of both bacteria and yeast.
2. The organisms in probiotics are found in food we ingest but they do not naturally occur in our gut.
3. Probiotics help in the digestion of milk sugars.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 only B. 2 only
C. 1 and 3 D. 2 and 3
9. Consider the following statements:
1) Recombinant DNA technology (rDNA) involves cutting a known DNA sequence from one organism
and introducing it into another organism.
2) The recombinant DNA is also called molecular scissors.
Which of the statements given above is or are correct?
A. 1 only B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2
10. With reference to the application of Biotechnology, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1) The use of biotechnology in the field of agriculture is called Green Biotechnology.
2) The use of biotechnology in the field of medicine is called White biotechnology.
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3) Blue biotechnology deals with aquatic environments along with the Marine organisms to generate and
develop new varieties of marine organisms.
4) The use of biotechnology for creation of new and innovative materials and cellular structures is called
red biotechnology
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
A. 1 and 4 only B. 1 and 3 only
C. 2 and 3 only D. 2 and 4 only
11. Which of the following are the applications of recombinant DNA technology?
1. Production of transgenic plants and animals.
2. Biosynthesis of Interferons.
3. Identification of Criminals.
4. Prevention and cure of sickle cell anemia.
5. Detecting mutations in DNA.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
A. 1, 3, 4 and 5 only B. 2, 4 and 5 only
C. 1, 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
12. With reference to CRISPR-Cas9 technology, consider the following statements:
1. It is a genome editing tool consisting of an enzyme and a piece of RNA.
2. Cas9 recognises the target sequence in the gene to cut the foreign DNA for repair.
3. It can be used to genetically modify foods to improve their nutritional values and increase their shelf life.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 only B. 3 only
C. 1 and 2 only D. 1 and 3 only
13. Consider the following statements about the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act, 2021:
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1) It provides for the National Reproductive Technology and Surrogacy Board.
2) The Act also regulates Surrogacy in India
3) The act sets up an upper age limit for both men and women for the use of ARTs.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
A. 1 only B. 1 and 3 only
C. 2 and 3 only D. 3 only
14. “3D printing” has applications in which of the following? (PYQ-2018)
1) Preparation of confectionery items
2) Manufacture of bionic ears
3) Automotive industry
4) Reconstructive surgeries
5) Data processing technologies
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
A. 1, 3 and 4 only B. 2, 3 and 5 only
C. 1 and 4 only D. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
15. Consider the following statements:
1) Nipah Virus is a type of RNA virus in the genus Henipavirus.
2) Pigs can also act as intermediate hosts of the Nipah Virus.
3) The Nipah Virus can survive in the Indian Flying Fox’s body without causing disease.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 only D. 1, 2 and 3
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Solutions
1. D
Sol.
2. C
Sol.
Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct: In the case of cloning, a somatic cell is taken from a
donor and is used to create an embryo. This technique is called somatic cell
nuclear transfer (SCNT). This results in a child that is born of a single parent and
carries his or her DNA only.
Statement 2 is correct: Cloning produces genetically identical copies of a
biological entity. Thus, biologically a cloned child is genetically identical to his/her
parents.
3. D
Sol.
Explanation: 1 and 3 only
4. C
Sol.
Explanation: Three-parent Baby: Human offspring produced from the genetic material of one
man and two women through the use of assisted reproductive technologies, specifically
mitochondrial manipulation (or replacement) technologies and three-person in vitro fertilization
(IVF).
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Statement 1 is incorrect: The child does not have an equal proportion of DNA from each
parent and the donor. Rather, the majority of the child’s DNA is from his parents, with only a
small fraction coming from the mitochondria of the donor egg or third parent.
Statement 2 is correct: When the mother has damaged mitochondrial DNA, she will pass
this on to all of her children, causing disease of a varying severity depending on the proportion
of healthy and damaged mitochondria the child randomly inherits. Three parent babies were
developed to avoid this transmission.
Statement 3 is incorrect: If the baby is male, there won’t be passing of genetic information to
future generations. But if the baby is female, she will carry mitochondrial DNA from a third
unknown donor, which she will pass on to all of her future children. And if she has daughters,
they will continue to pass on this donor DNA, affecting the genetic information of many
future generations.
5. C
Sol.
Explanation: A human atlas initiative named Manav has been launched by the Department of
Biotechnology (DBT) and Persistent Systems, a biotechnology company.
Statement 1 is correct: It is a unified database of all the molecular tissues network in the
human body to derive a holistic picture of working of the human body.
Statement 2 is incorrect: MANAV is a citizen-science initiative to build a human atlas. In
this there is a public-private venture in which DBT and Persistent Systems will invest Rs 13
crore and Rs 7 crore respectively.
Statement 3 is correct: There is a similar Human Cell Atlas project (launched in 2016),
which is a collaborative effort between the world-leading scientists, to generate data pertaining
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to cellular and molecular activities of various cell types in the body in both its normal and
disease state using techniques such as single cell genomics.
6. C
Sol.
Statement 1 is incorrect: The child does not have an equal proportion of DNA from each parent and the
donor. Rather, the majority of the child’s DNA is from his parents, with only a small fraction coming from
the mitochondria of the donor egg or third parent.
Statement 2 is correct: When the mother has a damaged mitochondrial DNA, she will pass this on to all of
her children, causing disease of a varied severity depending on the proportion of healthy and damaged
mitochondria the child randomly inherits. Three parent babies were developed to avoid this transmission.
Statement 3 is incorrect: If the baby is male, there won’t be passing of genetic information to future
generations. But if the baby is female, she will carry mitochondrial DNA from a third unknown donor, which
she will pass on to all of her future children. And if she has daughters, they will continue to pass on this
donor DNA, affecting the genetic information of many future generations.
7. B
Sol.
National Gene Bank (NGB) is established to conserve the plant genetic resources (PGR) for future
generations in the form of seeds, genomic resources, pollen etc. It is hosted by the Indian Council of
Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), New Delhi. It has
four gene bank facilities under its ambit namely: Seed Genebank (-18°C), In Vitro Genebank (25°C), Cryo
Genebank (-170 to -196° C) and Field Genebank. It stores different crop groups such as cereals, Millets,
medicinal and aromatic plants and narcotics etc.
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Option 1 is correct: Field Genebank facility is part of National Genebank.
Option 2 is correct: Cryo Genebank facility is part of National Genebank.
Option 3 is correct: Seed Genebank facility is part of National Genebank.
Option 4 is correct: In Vitro Genebank facility is part of National Genebank.
8. C
Sol. 1. Common probiotic bacteria can include Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. The most
common yeast found in probiotics is Saccharomyces boulardii
2. The gastrointestinal tract is home to trillions of microbes, collectively called the gut
microbiome.
3. But it's also the action of probiotics that can explain why fermented dairy products are
easier to digest: fermentation with live bacteria results in a unique form of lactose which is
easier to digest
9. A
Sol.
Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct: Recombinant DNA technology (rDNA) involves isolating
DNA sequence with desirable characteristics and integrating it with the host DNA
Statement 2 is incorrect: Recombinant DNA molecules are DNA molecules
formed by laboratory methods of genetic recombination that bring together
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genetic material from multiple sources. Restriction enzymes which facilitate
cutting DNA at specific locations are known as molecular scissors.
10. B
Sol.
Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct: The use of biotechnology in the field of agriculture is called Green
Biotechnology.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The use of biotechnology in the field of medicine is called Red
biotechnology.
Statement 3 is correct: Blue biotechnology deals with aquatic environments along with the
Marine organisms to generate and develop new varieties of marine organisms.
Statement 4 is incorrect: The use of biotechnology for creation of new and innovative
materials, cellular structures etc. is called white biotechnology.
11. D
Sol. Recombinant DNA technology is the joining together of DNA molecules from two different species. The
recombinant DNA molecule is inserted into a host organism to produce new genetic combinations that are
of value to science, medicine, agriculture, and industry.
Point 1 is correct: By the use of rDNA technology, desired genes can be inserted into plants and animals
so as to produce transgenic plants and animals with the desired traits and qualities.
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Point 2 is correct: Interferons are the glycoproteins that are produced in very minute amounts by the
virus-infected cells. By rDNA technology, the interferons are produced in fairly high quantities.
Point 3 is correct: It enables us to identify any person by analyzing their hair roots. Wood stains, serums,
etc. It also helps to solve the problems of parentage and to identify the criminals.
Point 4 is correct: This technology has a great impact on the prevention and cure of sickle cell anemia.
Point 5 is correct: Genome sequencing and the study of mutations in DNA are some of the practical
Applications of Genetic Engineering using rDNA technology.
12. D
Sol. CRISPR-Cas9 is a genome-editing tool that is faster, cheaper and more accurate than previous
techniques of editing DNA like TALEN, zinc-finger nucleases, etc. It has a wide range of potential
applications.
Statement 1 is correct: The CRISPR-Cas9 system consists of two key molecules that introduce a
change into the DNA.
● An enzyme called Cas9.
● A piece of RNA called guide RNA (gRNA).
Statement 2 is incorrect: The designed gRNA recognizes the target sequence in the gene of interest
through a complementary base pair. Cas-9 acts as a pair of ‘molecular scissors’ that can cut the two
strands of DNA at a specific location in the genome so that bits of DNA can then be added or removed.
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Statement 3 is correct: CRISPR/Cas-9 is an existing addition to the field of agriculture since it has been
used to genetically modify foods to improve their nutritional value, increase their shelf life, make them
drought-tolerant, and enhance disease resistance.
13. B
Sol. i. Statement 1 is correct, The Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act, 2021 provides for the
establishment of the National Assisted Reproductive Technology and Surrogacy Board.
ii. Statement 2 is not correct, Parliament passed the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act
and the Surrogacy Act in December 2021.
a. The Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act aims to regulate the ART industry.
b. The Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 regulates surrogacy in India.
iii. Statement 3 is correct, Under Section 21(g) of the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act,
the upper age limit for ART treatment is fixed at 55 years for men and 50 years for women.
14. D
Sol. i. 3D printing has applications in:
a. Preparation of confectionery items: 3D printing food has become a reality and 3D printed food is now
seen in restaurants and kitchens.
b. Manufacture of bionic ears: Engineers in the US have created a bionic ear that can be manufactured
using a 3D printer.
c. Automotive industry: The automotive industry has made significant progress in the adoption of 3D
Printing technology.
d. Reconstructive surgeries: 3D Printing in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery has helped surgeons to
visualise how components interact with one another while in motion.
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e. Data processing technologies: 3D Printing is revolutionising the various data processing technologies.
15. D
Sol. i. Statement 1 is correct, The Nipah virus is a type of RNA virus in the genus Henipavirus.
ii. Statement 2 is correct, Nipah Virus is an airborne transmission infection and can affect
those who come in direct contact with contaminated bodies such as pigs or bats carrying
the virus.
a. Nipah virus host species include flying foxes and pigs. Domestic pigs can also act
as intermediate hosts.
iii. Statement 3 is correct, Fruit bats also known as flying foxes belong to the Pteropodidae
Family – Pteropus genus.
a. They’re found in South East Asia.
b. The Nipah Virus can survive in the bat’s body without causing disease and
antibodies were found in the Indian Flying Fox during the Bangladesh outbreak.
