Classification Notes
Linnaeus Classification:
King Prawn Curry Or Fat Greasy Steak
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Kingdoms:
Animals: Multicellular. No cell walls. Heterotrophic (consume food). Nervous
coordination for movement.
Plants: Multicellular. Cellulose cell walls. Photosynthetic (contain chloroplasts).
Autotrophic (make their own food).
Fungi: Unicellular or multicellular. Chitin cell walls. Saprophytic (feed on
decaying material). No chloroplasts.
Protists: Mostly unicellular, some multicellular. Diverse (some photosynthetic,
others heterotrophic). Usually aquatic.
Prokaryotes: Unicellular. No nucleus (prokaryotic cells). Simple cell structure.
Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic.
Binomial Naming
Binomial naming is important because it provides a universal system to identify and
classify organisms, avoiding confusion caused by common names that vary across
languages and regions.
It is done by giving each species a two-part Latin name: The genus name (first,
capitalized). The species name (second, lowercase).
Both parts are written in italics or underlined when handwritten.
Examples: Homo sapiens (humans). Panthera leo (lion).
Carl Woese
Carl Woese proposed the three-domain system because genetic analysis and
molecular studies revealed differences in the genetics and cell structure of archaea
and bacteria that were not accounted for in the five-kingdom system. He realised that
archaea were actually different from bacteria and in some ways more similar to
eukarya.
The three domains and their main features are:
Bacteria: Single-celled prokaryotes with no nucleus. Cell walls contain
peptidoglycan. Found in diverse environments.
Archaea: Single-celled prokaryotes similar in structure to bacteria but cell walls
lack peptidoglycan. Often live in extreme environments (e.g., high salinity,
temperature, or acidity).
Eukarya: Organisms with eukaryotic cells (cells with a nucleus and membrane-
bound organelles). Includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals.
Validating New Ideas
Publish in a scientific journal.
Article is peer-reviewed. (scientists with that specialism read and review).
Attend scientific conferences and present findings to peers.
Classification Notes
Linnaeus Classification:
King Prawn Curry Or Fat Greasy Steak
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Kingdoms:
Animals: Multicellular. No cell walls. Heterotrophic (consume food). Nervous
coordination for movement.
Plants: Multicellular. Cellulose cell walls. Photosynthetic (contain chloroplasts).
Autotrophic (make their own food).
Fungi: Unicellular or multicellular. Chitin cell walls. Saprophytic (feed on
decaying material). No chloroplasts.
Protists: Mostly unicellular, some multicellular. Diverse (some photosynthetic,
others heterotrophic). Usually aquatic.
Prokaryotes: Unicellular. No nucleus (prokaryotic cells). Simple cell structure.
Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic.
Binomial Naming
Binomial naming is important because it provides a universal system to identify and
classify organisms, avoiding confusion caused by common names that vary across
languages and regions.
It is done by giving each species a two-part Latin name: The genus name (first,
capitalized). The species name (second, lowercase).
Both parts are written in italics or underlined when handwritten.
Examples: Homo sapiens (humans). Panthera leo (lion).
Carl Woese
Carl Woese proposed the three-domain system because genetic analysis and
molecular studies revealed differences in the genetics and cell structure of archaea
and bacteria that were not accounted for in the five-kingdom system. He realised that
archaea were actually different from bacteria and in some ways more similar to
eukarya.
The three domains and their main features are:
Bacteria: Single-celled prokaryotes with no nucleus. Cell walls contain
peptidoglycan. Found in diverse environments.
Archaea: Single-celled prokaryotes similar in structure to bacteria but cell walls
lack peptidoglycan. Often live in extreme environments (e.g., high salinity,
temperature, or acidity).
Eukarya: Organisms with eukaryotic cells (cells with a nucleus and membrane-
bound organelles). Includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals.
Validating New Ideas
Publish in a scientific journal.
Article is peer-reviewed. (scientists with that specialism read and review).
Attend scientific conferences and present findings to peers.
