1.
Basic Arithmetic Formulas
Formula Usage
=A1 + B1 Adds values in A1 and B1
=A1 - B1 Subtracts B1 from A1
=A1 * B1 Multiplies A1 and B1
=A1 / B1 Divides A1 by B1
=A1^B1 Raises A1 to the power of B1
2. SUM, AVERAGE, MIN, MAX
Formula Usage
=SUM(A1:A5) Adds values in the range A1 to A5
=AVERAGE(A1:A5) Calculates the average of A1 to A5
=MIN(A1:A5) Returns the smallest value in the
range
=MAX(A1:A5) Returns the largest value in the
range
3. Logical Functions
Formula Usage
=IF(A1>50, "Pass", "Fail") If A1 is greater than 50, return
"Pass"; otherwise, return "Fail"
=IF(AND(A1>50, B1>50), "Pass", If both A1 and B1 are greater than
"Fail") 50, return "Pass"; otherwise,
return "Fail"
=IF(OR(A1>50, B1>50), "Pass", If either A1 or B1 is greater than
"Fail") 50, return "Pass"; otherwise,
return "Fail"
4. Text Functions
Formula Usage
=LEN(A1) Returns the number of characters
in A1
=LEFT(A1, 3) Extracts the first 3 characters
from A1
=RIGHT(A1, 3) Extracts the last 3 characters
from A1
=MID(A1, 2, 4) Extracts 4 characters from A1
starting from the 2nd position
=TRIM(A1) Removes extra spaces from text in
A1
=CONCATENATE(A1, " ", B1) or =A1 Joins text from A1 and B1 with a
& " " & B1 space in between
=UPPER(A1) Converts text in A1 to uppercase
=LOWER(A1) Converts text in A1 to lowercase
=PROPER(A1) Capitalizes the first letter of each
word in A1
5. Lookup Functions
Formula Usage
=VLOOKUP(101, A2:B10, 2, Searches for 101 in column A and
FALSE) returns the corresponding value
from column B
=HLOOKUP(101, A1:J2, 2, FALSE) Searches for 101 in row 1 and
returns the corresponding value
from row 2
=INDEX(A2:C5, 2, 3) Returns the value from the 2nd
row and 3rd column of the range
A2:C5
=MATCH(50, A1:A10, 0) Finds the position of 50 in the
range A1:A10
=XLOOKUP(101, A2:A10, B2:B10, Searches for 101 in A2:A10 and
"Not Found") returns the corresponding value
from B2:B10
6. Date & Time Functions
Formula Usage
=TODAY() Returns the current date
=NOW() Returns the current date and
time
=YEAR(A1) Extracts the year from a date in
A1
=MONTH(A1) Extracts the month from a date in
A1
=DAY(A1) Extracts the day from a date in A1
=DATEDIF(A1, B1, "Y") Returns the difference in years
between two dates
=DATEDIF(A1, B1, "M") Returns the difference in months
between two dates
=DATEDIF(A1, B1, "D") Returns the difference in days
between two dates
7. Count Functions
Formula Usage
=COUNT(A1:A10) Counts the numeric values in
A1:A10
=COUNTA(A1:A10) Counts all non-empty cells in
A1:A10
=COUNTIF(A1:A10, ">50") Counts the cells in A1:A10 that are
greater than 50
=COUNTIFS(A1:A10, ">50", B1:B10, Counts cells in A1:A10 greater
"<100") than 50 and B1:B10 less than 100
8. Financial Functions
Formula Usage
=PMT(5%/12, 60, -5000) Calculates the monthly payment
for a loan with a 5% annual
interest rate, 60 months, and a
loan amount of $5000
