CMPE453: Embedded Systems

Department of Computer Engineering

CMPE453: Embedded Systems, FINAL EXAM
Fall 2024-25, Date: 04/01/2025
Duration: 120 minutes

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QUESTIONS POINTS
Q1 /25
Q2 /20
Q3 /30
Q4 /25

TOTAL /100

Please Read Carefully

 This is a closed-book exam.
 Talking is strictly forbidden during the exam.
 Use of electronic devices including mobile phones is forbidden during the exam.
 Students will not be allowed to enter 10 minutes after the exam starts and will not be able to
leave in the last 10 minutes of the exam.
 Exchange of items (erasers, pens, pencils, etc.) during the exam is strictly forbidden.
 There should be total of 4 questions. Check your exam paper at the beginning.
 Show your work clearly in the spaces provided.

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 CMPE453: Embedded Systems

Q1. Debouncing is a critical and mostly encountered issue in embedded systems where one needs to ensure
that the device does not misinterpret a single button press as many (more than one click). Debouncing is
implemented by using timers/counters. Write the pieces (lines) of C code for debounce mechanism for a push-
button input using a timer on an AVR microcontroller using following steps:

a) The push-button is connected to pin 0, port C that generates a high level when pressed and a low level
when released. Define this port as input in void setup_button() where you enable pull up resistor and
define data direction, without disturbing rest of the pins (10 Points)

resistor on pin 0 of

b) For debounce, you need to a timer for 32 ms. Write the C code void timer_init(void) for timer
configuration where you should use a timer in normal mode with a precaler of 1024. You should count
starting from 0 (zero) and wait for roll-over, when timer0 has overflow just clear the overflow flag. The
necessary registers are also provided below. (10 Points)

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 CMPE453: Embedded Systems

c) Assume that you would like to use external clock source, how would you change your C code? Indicate
whether you used falling or rising edge? (5 Points)

TIFR (Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag Register)

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 CMPE453: Embedded Systems

Q2. Given the following embedded design and pin select function table for PINSEL registers for an ARM
microcontroller below: Write the C code which will:

a) Configure P0.0 to P0.15 as GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output) (5 points each)

b) Make P0.0 bit as output bit, P0.1 bit as an input pin using IODIR

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c) If switch is open (i.e if input) pin is HIGH turn on the LED

d) If switch is closed (i.e if input) pin is LOW turn off the LED

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 CMPE453: Embedded Systems

Q3. The following C code should generate a PWM with 10% duty cycle and 100 msec period for an ARM
based microcontroller LPC 2148. Complete the code with all necessary parameters (where ever you see
underline) to generate a double edge controlled PWM on PWM3 (P0.1) including the lines with
comments. Read and observe parameters carefully (3x10 = 30 Points)

PWMTCR (PWM Timer Control Register)

PWMLER (PWM Latch Enable Register)

int main (void) {

VPBDIV = 0x00000002; /* Sets the peripheral clock to 30 MHz
PINSEL0 = ; /* Configure P0.1 and P0.7 as PWM3 and PWM2 respectively */
/* PINSEL0 = ; Configure P0.1 and P0.8 as PWM3 and PWM4 respectively */
// For PWM3 double edge
PWMTCR = ; /* Reset and disable counter for PWM */
PWMPR = ; /* Prescale value for 2usec */
PWMMR0 = ; /* Time period of PWM wave, 100msec */
PWMMR2 = 40000; /* Rising edge of double edge controlled PWM */
PWMMR3 = ; /* Falling edge of double edge controlled PWM for 10% Duty Cycle */
PWMMCR = 0x00000243; /* Reset and interrupt on MR0 match, interrupt on MR2 and MR3 match */
PWMLER = ; /* Latch enable for PWM3, PWM2 and PWM0 */
/* PWMLER = ; /* Latch enable for PWM3, PWM4 and PWM0 */
PWMPCR = 0x0C08; /* Enable PWM3, PWM2 and PWM0, double edge controlled PWM on PWM3 */
PWMTCR = ; /* Enable PWM and counter */
/* Generate PWM for ever */

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Q4: ADC and interrupts

a) Consider the following Successive Approximation algorithm for a n-bit ADC where n = 4. Complete the
table below to show the values of the variables/expression of four successive iterations of the execution if
the input voltage is vin = 10.8V. (0.5x22 = 11
Points)
Step 1: set index =n-1 (i.e. 3)
Step 2: set SAR = 1000
Step 3: read an input-voltage i.e. Vin
Step 4: if (Index > 0) set SAR[Index -1] =1
Step 5: if Vin > VDAC
SAR[Index]=1
else
SAR[Index]=0
Step 6: Index--
Step 7: Go to Step 4

Iteration 4-bit SAR VDAC (V) Vin > VDAC (T/F) Index Index-1
1

Final Result

b) Considering the following interrupt related registers of an AVR microcontroller, write a function named
initInterrupt1 to trigger INT1 on the raising edge of the signal from a hardware device. (6 Points)

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c) Write the interrupt service routine (ISR) for INT1 which will toggle all the pins of the output port B for five
times with a delay of 100 ms (using the library function _delay_ms). Assume that all the pins of port B are
already configured as output pins. (8 Points)

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