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Monitoring Health Care System using Internet of Things -An Immaculate

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Conference Paper · November 2017

DOI: 10.1109/ICNGCIS.2017.

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 2017 International
2017 International
Conference
Conference
on Next
onGeneration
Next Generation
Computing
Computing
and Information
and Information
Systems
Systems
(ICNGCIS)

Monitoring Health Care System using Internet of Things - An Immaculate Pairing

Veena Tripathi Faizan Shakeel

Department of Information Technology Department of Information Technology
Model Institute of Engineering and Technology, Model Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Jammu, India. Jammu, India.
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract—- IoT in health care is aimed at empowering people to visualize it. Explanation of all the parameters used in
to live healthier life by wearing connected devices. Health care CSV is also very important aspects in this scenario we have
industry has perpetually been on the forefront in the adoption also taken care of this part.
and utilization of information and communication technologies
(ICT) for the efficient health care administration. Recent II. LITERATURE REVIEW & RELATED WORK
developments in wireless sensors, communication and
After considering different research paper, it has been
information network technologies have created a new era of
noticed that, It is very hard to find the abnormalities in the
the Internet of things (IoT)[1]. Connected health care is very
important application of the Internet of Things. The concept of heart beat count of a patient. The average count of 25 years
connected health care system and smart medical devices bears old ranges from 140 to 170 beats/minute, whereas in 60
enormous potential not just for companies, but also for the years old people, it ranges from 115 to 140 beats /minute.
well-being of people in general. Hospitalized patients whose Patients are not satisfied with the treatment which doctors
physiological status requires close attention can be constantly normally use for finding the heartbeat count. So there
monitored using IoT-driven monitoring. This type of solution should be a device to track the internal changes in the
employs sensors to collect comprehensive physiological human body.
information and uses gateways and the cloud to analyze and Hossaina et. al [3] explained in her research that all The
store the information and then send the analyzed data promising potential of the emerging Internet of Things (IoT)
wirelessly for further analysis and review. It replaces the technologies for interconnected medical devices and sensors
process of having a health professional come by at regular has played an important role in the next-generation health
intervals to check the patient’s vital signs, instead providing a care industry for quality patient care. With the increasing
continuous automated flow of information. The main aim of number of elderly and disabled people, there is an urgent
this work is to give a comprehensive overview of this area of need for a real-time health monitoring infrastructure for
research and sensors used in health monitoring device, how the analyzing patients' health care data to avoid preventable
wearable health monitoring devices works, capture the data deaths.
and generate report based on different parameters.
Wearables [4] are being used to monitor patient and
Keywords- Monitoring device, Connected health care,
gather data for clinical research trials and academic research
Wearable, Automated information studies. In addition, fitness/wellness wearables are being
used as clinical tools. This complements a trend toward
counting physical activity as a vital sign category.
I. INTRODUCTION Research shows that the rapid proliferation of wearable
The health care scheme is focus on the measurement and devices and smart phone, the Internet of Things enabled
monitoring various biological parameters of patient's body technology is evolving health care from conventional hub
like heart rate, oxygen saturation level in blood and based system to more personalized health care system
temperature using a web server and android application[2] (PHS). PHS will enable faster and safer preventive care,
where doctor can continuously monitor the patient's lower overall cost, improved patient-centered practice and
condition on his smart phone using an Android application, enhanced sustainability. IoT enabled PHS will be realized
the patient history will be stored on the web server and by providing highly customized access to rich medical
doctor can access the information whenever needed from information and efficient clinical decision making to each
anywhere and need not physically present. individual by storing the data and using it later. However,
In this way, it simultaneously improves the quality of empowering the utility of IoT enabled technology in PHS is
care through constant attention and lowers the cost of care still significantly challenging in the area considering
by eliminating the need for a caregiver to actively engage in shortage of cost-effective and accurate smart medical
data collection and analysis. sensors, used in IoT system.
For our case study we are considering Apple-I watch Suhas [7] in his paper discuss that the physiological
series 2 with an OS 3.2.0.We have specified all the parameters such as temperature pulse rate and ECG are
specifications and sensors used to monitor the health obtained, processed using ARM7 LPC 2138 processor and
parameters that is heart rate, calories burn, distance covered displayed by using graphical user interface. If any of the
etc., how to extract the data from device and make the graph

978-1-5386-4205-4/17 $31.00 © 2017 IEEE

978-0-7695-6361-9/17 153
DOI 10.1109/ICNGCIS.2017.26
vital parameter goes out of normal range then an alert SMS
will be sent to doctor’s mobile.
III. IOT HEALTH CARE NETWORK AND COMPONENTS

Figure 2. IoT Health Care Network

The IoThNet architecture refers to an outline for the

specification of the IoThNet’s physical elements, their
functional organization, and its working principles and
techniques.
The IoThNet platform refers to both the network
platform model and the computing platform.
Figure 1. Health monitoring system using wearable sensors
A. Sensors used in IOT devices
In fig-1[4] it has been shown that Health related The IoT have many applications in the health care
information is gathered via bodyworn wireless sensors and sector, with the possibility of using the cell phone with
transmitted by gateway such as a mobile phone. This RFID-sensor capabilities as a platform for monitoring of
information can be used to implement interventions as medical parameters. The combination of sensors, RFID,
needed. NFC (near field communication), Bluetooth, ZigBee,
As shown in Fig-2 The IoThNet topology, architecture, 6LoWPAN, ISA100, WiFi will allow significantly improved
and platform used in health care network. The IoThNet measurement and monitoring methods of vital functions
(temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, cholesterol levels,
topology[5] refers to the arrangement of different elements
blood glucose etc.) Implantable wireless identifiable devices
of an IoT health care network and indicates representative used to store health records which are useful to save a
scenarios of seamless health care environments. patient's life in emergency situations especially for people
Using this topology heterogeneous computing grid with diabetes, cancer, coronary heart disease, stroke, chronic
collects enormous amounts of vital signs and sensor data obstructive pulmonary disease.
such as blood pressure (BP), body temperature,
electrocardiograms (ECG), and oxygen saturation and forms IV .SPECIFICATION OF DEVICE USED IN OUR CASE STUDY
a typical IoThNet topology. It transforms the heterogeneous Chip
computing and storage capability of static and mobile 9 Dual-core processor
electronic devices such as laptops, smartphones, and 9 Built-in GPS Features
medical terminals into hybrid computing grids. 9 Wi-Fi (802.11b/g/n 2.4GHz)
9 Bluetooth 4.0
9 Heart rate sensor(pulse sensor)
9 Optical sensor
9 Accelerometer
9 Gyroscope
9 Ambient light sensor

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 Figure 3. Sensors used in device

¾ Heart rate sensor: Heart Beat can be measured based on

optical power variation as light is scattered or absorbed
during its path through the blood as the heart beat changes.
heart rate Heart rate is directly related to the soundness of
the human cardiovascular system. We monitored one month
data for case study.
¾ Accelerometer: An accelerometer is an electromechanical
device that measures acceleration forces. These forces may
be static, like the constant force of gravity pulling at our Figure 4. Expanded view of Apple watch
feet, or they could be dynamic caused by moving or
vibrating the accelerometer. TABLE-1 Description table of internal components
¾ Ambient light sensor: Ambient light sensors are used as
backlighting controls in any number of LCD display COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION
applications from consumer electronics to automotive, and
by automatically adjusting display brightness, they conserve NFC Antenna Near Field Communication antenna establish
communication between two devices by bringing
battery life, which is a key benefit in mobile device
them close together.
applications.
¾ Optical sensor: An optical sensor converts light rays into
Aluminium housing Outer shell and it protects the sensors from external
an electronic signal. The purpose of an optical sensor is to damage.
measure a physical quantity of light and, depending on the
type of sensor, optical sensor translates it into a form that is PCBB A printed circuit board connector.
readable by an integrated measuring device.
In Fig-4 we have shown the expanded view of Apple Taptic Engine It provides tactile sensations in the form of
watch, the diagram shows the internal components used in vibrations to users of the Smart IoT device.
the device all the components work in coordination. Various
nonintrusive sensors have been developed for a diverse Digital Crown Circular crown used for setting-up the device.
range of medical applications, particular for WSN-based
healthcare services. Such sensors are prospective enough to
deliver the same services through the IoT. On the other As we have specified earlier that we are doing our case
hand, wearable devices come with a set of desirable features study by using Apple Smart watch (3.2.0). Monitoring
appropriate for the IoT architecture. Therefore, the health care system using IOT is three step processes as
integration of sensors into wearable products is apparent. following-
However, the heterogeneous nature of wearable products ¾ Monitoring (By sensors)
and medical sensors uncovers numerous challenges. ¾ Extracting Health App Data
¾ Generating Health report

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 reproductive health. At the top right corner of the screen, tap
on the Profile icon.

Figure 5. Flowchart of Health care monitoring system

Figure 7. Exporting Health data from device

A. Monitoring
The Smart IoT implemented Apple Watch is used to Step 3: After taping on the profile icon we will end up with
measure its wearer's pulse, calories burn, walking distance, a new screen as following shown in the Fig-8 at the bottom
blood pressure. The sensors include infrared and visible- click on Export Health Data button. It will be asked to
light LEDS in addition to photo sensors, which all work confirm to export health data.
together to detect signals, NFC antenna establish Step 4: After clicking on Export Health data button, the app
communication between two devices that is wearable and will automatically create a new email containing Health
mobile phone. The monitored data then finally stored at IoT export in a Zip file. This zip file contains the data in XML
sever. format

Figure 6. Block diagram of Health Monitoring System

A. Extracting Health Data from IoS Health App

Extracting data is not a single step process it involves
several steps. We have shown the complete process stepwise
Step 1: Launch the health app on smartphone connected
Figure 8. Profile window of user
wearable device.
Step 2: Navigate to the Health data tab. The following
screen shown in Fig-7 will come-up be having information C. Parameters used in CSV file
that is body measurement, health records, results and

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 We have created two graphs one is line graph heart bear
per min and second graph is bar graph. It shows calories
burned per day.

Figure 9. CSV file of exported data

¾ /@locale: The parameter /@locale hold the

information of the country where data is stored. Its
value will never change and it will repeat for every
single row.
¾ /ExportDate/@value: This parameter shows the
date and time when the data was exported. The Figure 11. Heart rate per min
value of this parameter also repeated for each row.
It has been identified that during working hours the heart
¾ Me/@HKCharacteristicTypeIdentifierBiologi rate increases and in down time there is less fluctuations. A
calSex: This is the biological sex, as entered by normal resting heart rate for adults ranges from 60 to 100
user in the Health app. It will remain the same for beats a minute. Generally, a lower heart rate at rest implies
more efficient heart function and better cardiovascular
all entries.
fitness.
¾ /Record/@unit: The units that the data is The second graph is bar graph it is showing calories
burnt per day. The graph lists the calories burned by doing
recorded. Blank cells indicate data such as gender
dozens of activities listed by category (such as gym
and blood type, that have no units. The unit ‘count’
activities, training and sports activities, home repair etc.) for
used for steps walked, and km for distance walked. per day. Activities and exercises include walking (casual,
race, and everything in between), swimming, jogging, yoga,
¾ /Record/@value: This parameter has the and even watching TV and sleeping. The findings are that
individual values for the data collected. on rest days less amount of calories burnt in comparison to
other working day.
D Generating health report using imported data
We have imported data after monitoring and exported
from the device in XML format. We have converted this
data into CSV file for our case study. The converted CSV
file is used for data analysis using R. A graph for heart rate
has been plotted and noticed the fluctuation in the graph.

Figure 12. Calories burned per day

V. CONCLUSION
Figure 10. CSV file in R for creating a graph As we have discussed earlier connected health care is very
important application of the Internet of Things. The concept

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 of connected health care system and smart medical devices
bears enormous potential Connected health care devices
monitored the data and provide it for an improved quality of
care, leading to better clinical outcomes. The Internet of
Things (IoT) is a concept reflecting a connected set of
anyone, anything, anytime, anyplace, any service, and any
network. The IoT is a megatrend in next-generation
technologies. The system also help professional workers
who are subject to considerable physical and psychological
stress and/or environmental and professional health risks.
Measurable benefits of connected medical devices include
reduces clinic visits, including reduction in bed days of care
and length of stay in hospitals. Using Internet of Things
(IOT), patient conditions are obtained and stored for further
analysis and consultation.
In our case study we have monitored heart rate and
calories burnt per day of a person are. From this research it
is expected to monitor the whole body of the patient from
remote location and improve the technology to world widely
for patient monitoring by providing personalized and
optimized services, it will promote a better standard of
living.

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