LEARN CHEMISTRY WITH B.

K SIR
WORK SHEET - 1
CHAPTER - d - and f - Block Elements
TOPIC - d - Block Elements and their Compounds

1. Match the properties with the elements of 3d-series

(i) lowest enthalpy of atomisation (p) Sc (a) Paramagnetic nature
(ii) shows maximun number of (q) Mn (b) Colour oh hydrated ions
oxidation states (c) Hight enthalpy of atomisation
(iii) transition metal that does not (r) Zn (d) Variable oxidation states
from coloured compounds 10. Which of the following transition metal shows + 1
(s) Ti and + 2 oxidation satates ?
(a) (i)-(r), (ii)-(q), (iii)-(p) (a) Mn (b) Zn
(b) (i)-(r), (ii)-(s), (iii)-(p) (c) Sc (d) Cu
(c) (i)-(p), (ii)-(q),(iii)-(r) 11. The ions of metals of group 12 (Zn, Cd and Hg)
(d) (i)-(s), (ii)-(r), (iii)-(p) have completely filled d-orbitals and so they
2. The trend of which property is represented by the (a) behave like semiconductors
following graph ? (b) are very high melting points
(c) do not behave like transition metals
(d) behave like super conductors
12. KMnO4 is coloured due to
(a) d-d transitions
(b) charge transfer from ligand to metal
(c) unpaired electrons in d-orbital of Mn
(d) charge transfer from metal to ligand
(a) lonisation enthalpy (b) Atomic rdaii 13. Which set of ions exhibit specific colours? (Atomic
(c) Enthaply of atomisation (d) Melting point number of Sc = 21, Ti = 22, V= 23, Mn = 25, Fe 26,
3. Whih of the following Cu2+ halide is not Known? Ni = 28, Cu = 29 and Zn = 30)
(a) CuBr2 (c) Cul2 (a) Sc3+, Ti4+, Mn3+
(c) CuCl2 (d) CuF2 (b) Sc3+, Zn2+, Ni2+
4. In the tetrahedral stuructures of dichromate ion (c) V3+, V2+, Fe3+
(a) 4 Cr-O bonds are equivalent in length. (d) Ti3+, Ti4+, Ni2+
(b) 4 Cr-O bonds are equivalent in length. 14. Which of the following is the reason for zinc not ex-
(c) All 4 Cr-O bonds are equivalent in length. hibiting variable oxidation state?
(d) All 4 Crs-O bonds are non-equivalent. (a) lnert pair effect
5. Which of the following ions has the electronic con- (b) Completely filled 3d-subshell
figuration 3d6? (Atomic numbers : Mn = 25, Co = (c) Completely filled 34s-subshell
27, Ni = 28 ) (d) Common ion effect
(a) Ni3+ (b) Co3+ 15. Which of the following is a diamagnetic ion (Atomic
(c) Mn 2+
(d) Mn3+ numbers of Sc, V, Mn and Cu are 21, 23, 25 and 29
6. Which of the following transition metals does not respectively)
shows variable oxidation state? (a) V2+ (b) Sc3+
(a) Ti (b) Cr (c) Cu (d) Se (c) Cu 2+
(d) Mn3+
7. KMnO 4 acts as an oxidising agent in alkaline Assertion-Reason
medium, When alkaline is KMnO4 treated with Kl, Directions (Q. Nos. 16-19) In the following
iodide ion is oxidised to questions Assertion (A) is followed by a corresponding
(a) I2 (b) IO- Reason (R). Use the following keys to choose the
(b) IO-3 (d) IO-4 appropriate answer.
8. Which of the folowing ions has the maximum (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the
number of unpaired d-electrons ? correct explanation of (A).
(b) Fe3+ (b) V3+ (b) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the not
(c) Ti 3+
(d) Sc3+ correct explanation of (A).
[ Atomic numbr : Fe = 26, V = 23, Ti = 22, Sc = 21 ] (c) (A) is correct and (R) is incorrect.
9. Which of the following characteristics of the (d) (A) is incorrect and (R) is correct.
transition metals is associated with their catalytic
activity?
 o (ii) Cr2+ is a strong reducing agent.
16. Assertion (A) E Cu 2 / Cu is positive (+032V).
36. Write the balanced ionic equations showing the
Reason (R) Copper has high  a H o and low oxidising action of acidified dichromate (Cr2O2-7)
solution with (i) iron (II) ion and (ii) tin (II) ion.
 hyd H o 37. Use the data to answer the following and also justify
17. Assertion (A) Zr and Hf have almost identical radii giving reason.
Reason (R) Both Zr and Hf exhibit similar properties.
18. Assertion (A) Zine is not regarded as a transition
element.
Reason (R) In zinc, 3d-orbitals are completely filled
in its ground state as well as in its oxidised satae. (i) Which is a stronger reducing agent in aqueous
19. Assertion (A) Fe2+ acts as a reducing agent. medium, Cr2+ or Fe2+ and why ?
Reason (R) Fe3+ state is stable due to 3d5 configu- (ii) Which is the most stable ion in +2 oxidation state
ration. and why ?
20. Give reason 38. When MnO2 is fused with KOH in the presence of
Transition metals and their compounds show cata- KNO3 as an oxidising agent, it gives a dark green
lytic activities. compound (A). Compound (A) disproportionates in
21. Complete the following ionic equation. acidic solution to give purple compound (B). An
3MnO 2  4  4 H   alkaline solution of compound (B) oxidises KI to
22. Write the formula of an oxo-anion of manganese (Mn) compound (C), whereas an acidified solution of
in which it shows the oxidation state equal to its group compound (B) oxidises KI to (D). Identify (A), (B),
number. (C) and (D).
23. Zn2+ salts are white, while Cu2+ salts are coloured. 39. Complete and balance the following chemical
Why ? equations.
24. Why do transition elements show variable oxidation (i) Fe2+ + MnO-4 + H+ 
states ? (ii) MnO-4 + H2O + I- 
25. Transition metals are much harder than the alkali 40. When chromite ore, FeCr2O4, is fused with NaOH
metals. Why ? in the presence of air, a yellow - coloured compound
26. Which of following cations are coloured in aqueous (A) is obtained, which on acidification with dilute
solutions and why ? sulphuric acid gives a compound (B). Compound (B)
Sc3+, V3+, Ti4+, Mn2+ on reaction with KCl forms an orange coloured
(At. no. Sc = 21, V = 23, Ti = 22, Mn = 25) crystalline compound (C).
27. Sc (21), is a transition element but Ca (20) is not. (i) Write the formulae of the compounds (A), (B)
Why ? and (C).
28. Explain the following observation : (ii) Write one use of compound (C).
Most of the transition metal ions exhibit characteristic 41. Complete the following chemical equation.
colours in aqueous solutions. (i) 8MnO-4 + 3S2O2-3 + H2O 
29. How would you account for the following ? (ii) Cr2O2-7 + 3Sn2+ +14H+ 
Many of the transition elements are known to form 42. What are transition elements ? Write two character-
interstitial compounds. istics of the transition elements .
30. How would you account for the following ? 43. What is meant by ‘disproportionation’ ? Give an
o
example of a disproportionation reaction in aqueous
The E M 2 / M for copper is positive (0.34 V ). Copper is solution.
the only metal in the first series of transition elements 44. Suggest reasons for the following features of
showing this behaviour. transition metal chemistry.
31. Assign reason for the following : (i) The transition metals and their compounds are
Copper (I) ion is not known in aqueous solution. usually paramagnetic
32. Transition metals arid their compounds generally (ii) The transition metals exhibit variable oxidation
exhibit a paramagnetic behaviour. Give reason. states.
33. Cr2+ is a strong reducing agent, whereas Mn3+ with 45. Describe the preparation fo potassium permanganate.
the same (d4) configuration is an oxidising agent. Give How does the acidified permanganate solution react
reason. with oxalic acid ? Write the ionic equations for the
34. Explain the following observation : reactions.
The enthalpies of atomisation of transition metals are 46. Describe the oxidising action of potassium dichromate
quite high. and write the ionic equations for its reactions with (i)
35. Give reason. iodide and (ii) H2S.
(i) Ti3+ is coloured, whereas Sc3+ is colourless in
aqueous solution. (2)
47. Why do transition elements show variable oxidation (ii) There is a general increase in density from
states ? In 3d series (Sc to Zn), which element shows titanium (Z = 22) to copper (Z = 29).
the maximum number of oxidation states and why ? 60. Explain each of the following observations.
48. Assign a reason for each of the following observations. (i) With the same d-orbital configuration (d4), Cr2+ is
(i) The transition metals (with the exception of Zn, a reducing agent, while Mn3+ is an oxidising agent.
Cd and Hg) are hard and have high melting and (ii) There is hardly any increase in atomic size with
boiling points. increasing atomic numbers in a series of
(ii) The ionisation enthalpies (first and second) in the transition metals.
first series of the transition elements are found to 61. Assign reasons for each of the following.
vary irregularly. (i) Transition metals generally form coloured
49. Assign reason for each of the following. compounds.
(i) Transition elements exhibit paramagnetic (ii) Manganese exhibits the highest oxidation state of
behaviour. +7 among the 3d-series of transition elements.
(ii) Co2+ is easily oxidised in the presence of a strong 62. Complete the following chemical equations.
ligands. (i) MnO-4 (aq) + S2O2-3 (aq) + H2O (l) 
50. Account for the following. (ii) Cr2O2-7(aq) + Fe2+ (aq) + H+ (aq) 
(i) Mn2+ is more stable than Fe2+ towards oxidation 63. Explain giving a suitable reason for each of the
to +3 state. following.
(ii) The enthalpy of atomisation is lowest for Zn in (i) Transition metals and their compounds are generally
first series (3d) of the transition elements. found to be good catalysts.
51. Describe the general trends in the following properties (ii) Metal-metal bonding is more frequent for the 4d
of the first series (3d) of the transition elements. and 5 d-series transition metals than that for the
(i) Number of oxidation states exhibited. 3 d-series.
(ii) Formation of oxo metal ions. 64. Complete the following reactions in the aqueous
52. Assign reasons for the following. medium.
(i) Copper (I) ion is not known to exist in aqueous (i) MnO-4 + C2O2-4 + H+ 
solutions. (ii) Cr2O2-7 + H2S + H+ 
(ii) Both O2 and F2 stabilise high oxidation states of 65. Complete the following chemical equations.
transition metals but the ability of oxygen to do so (i) Fe3+ + I- 
exceeds that of fluorine. (ii) CrO2-4 + H+ 
53. Assign reasons for the following. 66. Write balance chemical equations of two reactions
(i) Transition metals and many of their compounds in which KMnO4 acts as an oxidising agent in the
act as good catalysts. acidic medium.
(ii) Transition metals generally form coloured com 67. Explain the following observations.
pounds. (i) Generally, there is an increase in density of
54. Complete the following equations. elements from titanium (Z = 22) to copper (Z =
(i) 2MnO-4 + 5S2- + 16H+  29) in the first series of transition elements.
(ii) Cr2O2-7 + 2OH-  (ii) Transition elements and their compounds are
55. How would you account for the following ? generally found to be good catalysts in chemical
(i) The highest oxidation state of a transition metal is reactions.
usually exhibited in its oxide. 68. Explain the following observations.
(ii) The oxidising power of the following three oxo- (i) Transition elements generally form coloured
ions in the series follows the order : compounds.
VO+2 < Cr2O2-7 < MnO-4 (ii) Zinc is not regarded as a transition element.
56. How would you account for the following ? 69. Explain the following observations.
(i) Transition metals exhibit variable oxidation states. (i) Among the divalent cations in the first series of
(ii) Transition metals and their compounds act as transition elements, manganese exhibits the
catalysts. maximum paramagnetism.
57. Which metal in the first transition series (3d-series) (ii) Cu+ ion is not known in aqueous solutions.
exhibits +1 oxidation state most frequently and why ? 70. Account for the following.
58. Complete the following chemical equations. (i) Cu+ ions are not stable in aqueous solution.
(i) Cr2O2-7 + I- + H+  (ii) Most of the transition metal ions exhibit para
(ii) MnO-4 + NO-2 + H+  magnetic behaviour.
59. Explain the following observations. 71. Account for the following.
(i) Many of the transition elements are known to form (i) In the series Sc to Zn, the enthalpy of atomisation
interstitial compounds. of zinc is the lowest.
(ii) Eo value for the Mn3+/Mn2+ couple is much more
positive than that for Cr3+/Cr2+.
(3)
72. Describe the preparation of 78. Give reasons.
(i) potassium dichromate from sodium chromate and (i) Zn, Cd and Hg are soft and have low melting
potassium chloride. points.
(ii) KMnO4 from K2MnO4 (ii) Write the preparation of the following.
73. Account for the following. (a) Na2Cr2O7 from Na2CrO4
(i) Ti(IV) is more stable than the Ti(II) or Ti(III). (b) K2MnO4 from MnO2
(ii) In case of transition elements, ions of the same 79. Explain the method of preparation of sodium dichromate
charge in a given series show progressive from chromite ore. Give the equation representing
decrease in radius with increasing atomic oxidation of ferrous salts by dichromate ion.
number. 80. Complete the following reactions.
(iii) Zinc is comparatively a soft metal, iron and (i) MnO2 + KOH + O2 
chromium are typically hard. (ii) I- + MnO-4 + H+ 
74. (i) Why are fluorides of transition metals more stable (iii) Cr2O2-7 + Sn2+ + H+ 
in their higher oxidation state as compared to the 81. Give reasons.
lower oxidation state ? (i) Eo value for Mn3+ / Mn2+ couple is much more
(ii) Which one of the following would feel attraction positive than that for Fe3+ / Fe2+
when placed in magnetic field Co2+, Ag+, Ti4+ and (ii) Iron has higher enthalpy of atomisation than that
Zn2+ ? of copper.
(iii) It has been observed that first ionisation energy (iii) Sc3+ is colourless in aqueous solution whereas
of 5d-series of transition elements are higher than Ti3+ is coloured.
that of 3d and 4d series, explain why ? 82. (i) Complete the following equations
75. On the basis of the figure given below, answer the (a) 2MnO-4 + 5SO2-3 + 6H+ 
following questions : (b) Cr2O2-7 + 6Fe2+ + 14H+ 
(ii) Based on the data, arrange Fe2+, Mn2+ and Cr2+
in the increasing order of stability of +2 oxidation
state.
E oCr 3 / Cr 2  0.4V , E o Mn3 / Mn2  1.5V ,

(i) Why manganese has lower melting point than E o Fe3 / Fe2  0.8V ,
chromium ? 83. Write the preparation of following.
(ii) Why do transition metals of 3d-series have lower (i) KMnO4 from K2MnO4
melting point as compared to 4d-series ? (ii) Na2CrO4 from FeCr2O4
(iii) In the third transition series, identify and name (iii) Cr2O2-7 from CrO2-4
the metal with the highest melting point. 84. The magnetic moments of few transition metal ions
76. Give reasons for the following. are given below.
(i) Transition elements act as catalysts. Metal ion Magnetic moment(BM)
(ii) It is difficult to obtain oxidation state greater than Sc 3+ 0.00
two for copper. Cr 2+ 4.90
(iii) CrO is basic but Cr2O3 is amphoteric. Ni2+ 2.84
77. Observed and calculated values for the standard elec- Ti3+
1.73
trode potentials of elements from Ti to Zn in the first (At no. Sc = 21, Ti = 22, Cr = 24, Ni = 28)
reactivity series are depicted in figure. Which of the given metal ions
(i) has the maximum number of unpaired electrons ?
(ii) forms colourless aqueous solution ?
(iii) exhibits the most stable +3 oxidation state ?
85. Consider the standard electrode potential values (M2+/
M) of the elements of the first transition series.
Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co
-1.63 -1.18 -0.90 -1.18 -0.44 -0.28
Ni Cu Zn
-0.25 +0.34 -0.76
Explain
Explain the following observations. (i) Eo value for copper is positive
(i) The general trend towards less negative Eo (ii) Eo value of Mn2+ is more negative as expected
values across the series. from the trend.
(ii) The unique behaviour of copper. (iii) Cr2+ is a stronger reducing agent than Fe2+
(iii) More negative Eo values of Mn and Zn.
(4)
86. (i) Account for the following. (iii) Transition metals in general act as good
(a) Cu+ is unstable in an aqueous solution. catalysts.
(b) Transition metals form complex compounds. 95. Compare the stability of +2 oxidation state for the
(ii) Complete the following equation. eleents of the first transition series. (Atomic number
Cr2O2-7 + 8H+ + 3NO-2  of Sc = 21 to Cu = 29)
87. (i) How would you account for the following ? 96. Describe the preparation of potassium permanganate
(a) Highest fluoride of Mn is MnF4, whereas the from pyrolusite ore. Write the ionic equation for the
highest oxide is Mn2O7. reaction that takes place between acidified KMnO4
(b) Transition metals and their compounds show solution and iron (II) ions.
catalytic properties. 97. Account for the following.
(ii) Complete the following equation. (i) The enthalpies of atomisation of the transition
3MnO2-4 + 4H+  metals are high.
88. From the given data of Eo values, answer the (ii) The lowest oxide of a transition metal is basic,
following questions. the highest is amphoteric or acidic.
(iii) Cobalt (II) is stable in aqueous solution but in the
presence of complexing agents, it is easily oxidised.
98. (i) Account for the following.
(a) Zn2+ salts are colorless while Ni2+ salts are
o coloured.
(i) Why is E Cu 2 / Cu
value exceptionally positive ?
(b) Cr is a strong reducing agent.
o (c) Transition metals and their compounds show
(ii) Why is E ( Mn 2 / Mn ) value highly negative as
catalytic activities.
compared to other elements ? 99. Write the ionic equation for the oxidising action of
(iii) Which is a stronger reducing agent Cr2+ or Fe2+ MnO-4 in acidic medium with
? Give reason. (a) I- ion, and (b) Fe2+ ion
89. Assign suitable reasons for the following. 100. (i) Account for the following.
(i) The Mn2+ compounds are more stable than Fe2+ (a) Transition metals form complex compounds.
towards oxidation to their +3 state. o
(ii) In the 3d-series from Sc (Z = 21) to Zn (Z = 30), (b) The E Mn2 / Mn
value for manganese is highly
the enthalpy of atomisation of Zn is the lowest. o
negative E Mn3 / Mn 2
is highly positive.
(iii) Sc3+ is colourless in aqueous solution, whereas
Ti3+ is coloured. (c) Cu+ ion is unstable in aqueous solution.
90. Complete the following chemical equations. (ii) Write the equations involved in the preparation of
(i) Cr2O2-7 + 6Fe2+ + 14H+  KMnO4 from pyrolusite ore (MnO2).
(ii) 2CrO2-4 + 2H+  100. Answer the following.
(iii) 2MnO-4 + 5C2O2-4 + 16H+  (i) Why are all copper halides known except that
91. Explain the following observations. copper iodide ?
(i) The enthalpies of atomisation of transition o
(ii) Why is the E (V 3 /V 2 ) value for vanadium is
elements are quite high.
(ii) There occurs much more frequent metal-metal comparatively low ?
bonding in compounds of heavy transition metals (iii) Why HCl should not be used for potassium
(i.e. 4d and 5d-series). permanganate titrations ?
(iii) Mn2+ is much more resistant than Fe2+ towards (iv) Explain the observation, at the end of each
oxidation. period, there is a slight increase in the atomic
92. Complete the following chemical equations. radius of d-block elements.
(i) MnO-4 + C2O2-4 + H+  (v) What is the effect of pH on dichromate ion
solution ?
(ii) KMnO4  Heat
101. (i) Account for the following.
(iii) Cr2O2-7 + H2S + H+  (a) Mn shows the highest oxidation state of +7
93. How would you account for the following ? with oxygen but with fluorine, it shows the highest
(i) Metal-metal bonding is more extensive in the 4d oxidation state of +4
and 5d-series of transition elements than 3d-series. (b) Cr2+ is a strong reducing agent.
(ii) Mn (III) undergoes disproportionation reaction (c) Cu2+ salts are coloured, while Zn2+ salts are
easily. white.
(iii) Co(II) is easily oxidised in the presence of strong (ii) Complete the following equations.
ligands.
(a) 2MnO2 + 4KOH + O2  

94. Explain the following.
(i) Cu+ is not known in aqueous solution. (b) Cr2O2-7 + 14H+ +61- 
(ii) With same (d4) configuration, Cr(II) is reducing,
whereas Mn(III) is oxidising. (5)
102. The elements of 3d transition series are given as (c) A transition metal exhibits higher oxidation
Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn states in oxides and fluorides.
Answer the following. (ii) Describe the reactions involved in the preparation
(i) Write the element which shows maximum of K2Cr2O7 from chromite ore.
(ii) Which element has the highest melting point ? 108. (i) Complete the following chemical equations.
(iii) Which element shows only +3 oxidation state ? (a) Cr2O2-7 (aq) + H2S(g) + H+(aq) 
(iv) Which element is a strong oxidising agent in +3 (b) Cu2+(aq) + I- (aq) 
oxidation state and why ? (ii) How would you account for the following ?
103. Complete the following equations. (a) The oxidising power of oxoanions are in the
(a) Cr2O2-7 + 2OH-  order VO+2 < Cr2O2-7 < MnO-4
(b) MnO-4 + 4H+ + 3e-  (b) The third ionisation enthalpy of manganese
(ii) Account for the following. (Z = 25) is exceptionally high.
(a) Zn is not considered as a transition element. (c) Cr2+ is a stronger reducing agent than Fe2+
(b) Transition metals form a large number of complexes. 109. (i) How does the acidified potassium permangan
(c) The Eo value for the Mn3+/Mn2+ couple is much ate solution react with
more positive than that for Cr3+/Cr2+ couple. (a) iron (II) ions and (b) oxalic acid ?
104. (i) Give reasons for the following. Write the ionic equations for the reactions.
(a) Mn3+ is a good oxidising agent. (ii) Name the oxo metal anion of one of the transition
o metals in which the metal exhibits the oxidation
(b) E M 2 / M values are not regular for first row
state equal to the group number.
transition metals (3d-series). (iii) Account for the following.
(c) Although F is more electronegative than O, (a) Scandium (Z = 21) is regarded as a transition
the highest Mn fluoride is MnF4, whereas the element but zinc (Z = 30) is not.
highest oxide is Mn2O7. o
(ii) Complete the following equations. (b) E ( M 2 / M ) value for copper is positive.
(a) 2CrO2-4 + 2H+  (b) KMnO4  Heat

105. (i) Complete and balance the following chemical
equations.
(a) Cr2O2-7 + I- + H+ 
(b) MnO-4 + SO2-3 + H+ 
(ii) Explain the following observations.
(a) Transition elements and their compounds are
knwon to act as catalysts.
(b) The higher oxidation states are usually exhib
ited by the members in the middle of a series of
transition elements.
(c) The metal-metal bonding is more frequently
found in the second and third series of transition
elements.
106. (i) Claculate the number of unpaired electrons in the
following gaseous statge ions.
Mn3+, Cr3+, V3+ and Fe2+
Which one of these is the most stable in aqueous
solutions ?
(Atomic number of V = 23, Cr = 24, Mn = 25
Fe = 26)
(ii) Explain the following observations :
(a) The transition metal ions are usually coloured
in aqueous solutions.
(b) Cu(I) ion is not stable in an aqueous solution.
(c) The highest oxidation state of a transition metal
is exhibited in its oxide or fluoride.
107. (i) Account for the following.
(a) The transition metals and their compounds act
as good catalysts.
(b) The lowest oxide of transition metal is basic,
whereas the highest is amphoteric/acidic.

(6)
 LEARN CHEMISTRY WITH B.K SIR
WORK SHEET - 2
CLASS - XII CHAPTER - d - and f - Block Elements CHEMISTRY
TOPIC - f - Block Elements

1. Assertion (A) : Magnetic moment values of 15. There is a close similarity in physical and chemical
actinides are lesser than the theoretically predicted properties of the 4d and 5d-series of the transition
values. elements, much more than expected on the basis of
Reason (R) : Actinide elements are strongly usual family relationship.
paramagnetic. 16. Why is europum (II) more stable than cerium (II) ?
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the 17. What is lanthanoid contraction ? What are its two
correct explanation of (A) consequences ?
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the 18. Write one similarity and one difference between the
correct explanation of (A) chemistry of lanthanoids and that of actinoids.
2. Give reason. 19. Identify the following.
Separation of a mixture of lanthanoid elements is (i) Transition metal of 3d-series that exhibits the
difficult. maximum number of oxidation states.
3. Name a member of the lanthanoid series which is (ii) An alloy consisting of approximately 95%
well known to exhibit +2 oxidation state. lanthanoid metal used to produce bullet, shell and
4. What are the different oxidation states exhibited by lighter flint.
the lanthanoids ? 20. Identify the following .
5. Zr (Z = 40) and Hf (Z = 72) have almost identical (i) Oxoanion of chromium which is stable in acidic
radii. Give reason. medium.
6. How would you account for the following ? (ii) The lanthanoid element that exhibits +4 oxidation
Lanthanoids form primarily +3 ions, while the state.
actinoids usually have higher oxidation states in their 21. What is lanthanoid contraction ? What is its effect
compounds, +4 or even +6 being typical. on the chemistry of the elements which follow the
7. How would you account for the following ? Among lanthanoids ?
lanthanoids, Ln (III) compounds are predominant. 22. Write the electronic configuration of Ce3+ion and
However, occasionally in solutions or in solid com- calculate the magnetic moment on the basis of spin -
pounds, +2 and +4 ions are also obtained. only formula.
8. Explain the following observation. The members of the (Atomic number of Ce = 58)
actinoid series exhibit a larger number of oxidation states 23. Explain the following.
than the corresponding members of the lanthanoid (i) Out of Se3+, Co2+ and Cr3+ ions, only Sc3+ is
series. colourless in aqueous solutions.
9. The metallic radii of the third (5d) series of transition (Atomic no. Co = 27, Sc = 21 and Cr = 24)
metals are virtually the same as those of the o
(ii) The E Cu 2 / Cu for copper metal is positive (+ 0.34 V),
corresponding group member of the second (4d)
series. Give Reason. unlike the remaining members of the first transition
10. What is meant by ‘lanthanoid contraction’ ? series.
11. The chemistry of actinoids is not so smooth as that (iii) La(OH)3 is more basic than Lu(OH)3.
of lanthanoids. Give reason. 24. Give reasons for the following .
12. State reasons for the following. (i) Transition elements and their compounds act as
Unlike Cr3+, Mn2+, Fe3+ and the subsequent other catalysts.
M2+ ions of the 3d-series of elements, the 4d and the (ii) Eo value for (Mn2+ /Mn) is negative, whereas for
5d-series metals generally do not form stable cat- (Cu2+ / Cu) is positive.
ionic species. (iii) Actionoids show irregularities in their eletronic
13. Chemistry of the actinoids is much more complicated configuration.
than that of lanthanoids. Give reason. 25. Give reasons for the following.
14. La3+ (Z = 57) and Lu3+ (Z = 71) do not show any (i) Transition metals form alloys.
colour in solutions. Give reason. (ii) Mn2O3 is basic, whereas Mn2O7 is acidic.
OR (iii) Eu2+ is a strong reducing agent.
Lanthanum and lutetium do not show colouration in
solutions. Give reason.
26. Give reasons. 32. (i) Name two oxometal anions of the 3d-series of
(i) Mn shows the highest oxidation state of +7 with the transition metals in which the metal exhibits
oxygen but with fluorine, it shows the highest the oxidation state equal to its group number.
oxidation state of +4. (ii) What is the effect of increasing pH on a solution
(ii) Transition metals show variable oxidation states. of K2Cr2O7 ?
(iii) Actinoids show irregularities in their electronic (iii) Why is Cu+ not stable in a queous solution ?
configurations. (iv) Name a member of Lanthanoid series which is
27. (i) How would you account for the following ? well - known to exhibit +4 oxidation state.
(a) Actinoid contraction is greater than lanthanoid (v) name two elements of 3d-series which show
contraction. anomalous electronic configuration.
(b) Transition metals form coloured compounds. 33. (i) A transition element X has electronic configuration
(ii) Complete the following equation. [Ar]4s23d3. Predict its likely oxidation states.
2MnO-4 + 6H+ + 5NO-2  (ii) Complete the reaction mentioning all the products
28. Give reasons for the following. formed. 2KMnO4  

(i) Transition metals exhibit a wide range of (iii) Account for the following.
oxidation states. (a) In the 3d-transition series, zinc has the lowest
(ii) Cobalt (II) is very stable in aqueous solutions but enthalpy of atomisation.
gets easily oxidised in the presence of strong (b) Cu+ ion is unstable in aqueous solution.
ligands. (c) Actinoids show more number of oxidation states
(iii) Actinoids exhibit a greater range of oxidation than Ianthanoids.
states than lanthanoids. 34. (i) Write the number of unpaired electrons in Cr3+
29. Compare the chemistry of the actinoids with that of (Atomic number of Cr = 24)
lanthanoids with reference to the following : (ii) Complete the reaction mentioning all the produces
(i) Electronic configuration formed
(ii) Oxidation states Cr2O27 + 3H2S + 8H+ 
(iii) Chemical reactivity
(iii) Account for the following
30. Attempt any five questions of the following.
(a) Mn2+ is more stable than Fe2+ towards
(i) Which of the following ions will have a magnetic
oxidation to +3 state.
moment value of 1.73 BM ?
(b) Copper has exceptionally positive
(ii) In order to protect iron from corrosion, which
one will you prefer as a sacrificial electrode, Ni or E o Cu 2 / Cu value.
Zn ? Why ? (Given standard electrode potentials (c) Eu2+ with electronic configuration [Xe]4f75d1
of Ni, Fe and Zn are - 0.25 V, -0.44 V and -0.76 V 6so is a strong reducting agent.
respectively.) 35. (i) Account for the following.
(iii) The second ionisation enthalpies of chromium (a) Eo value for Mn3+ / Mn2+ couple is much more
and manganese are 1592 and 1509 kJ/mol respec positive than that for Cr3+ / Cr2+.
tively. Explain the lower value of Mn. (b) Sc3+ is colourless whereas Ti3+ is coloured in
(iv) Give two similarities in the properties of Sc and Zn. an aqueous solution.
(v) What is actinoid contraction ? What causes (c) Actinoids show wide range of oxidation states.
actinoid contraction ? (ii) Write the chemical equations for the preparation
(vi) What is the oxidation state of chromium in of KMnO4 from MnO2.
chromate ion and dichromate ion ? 36. (i) Account for the following.
(vii) Write the ionic equation for reaction of KI with (a) Transition metals form alloys.
acidified KMnO4. (b) Ce4+ is a strong oxidising agent.
31. (i) Why is chemistry of actinoids complicated as com (ii) Write one similarity and one difference chemistry
pared to lanthanoids ? of lanthanoids and actinoids.
(ii) Complete the following reaction and justify that it (iii) Complete the following ionic equation.
is a disproportionation reaction. Cr2O2-7 +2OH- 
3MnO2-4 +4H+  .................+..............+2 H2O 37. (i) (a) Transition metal of 3d-series that exhibits only
(iii) The given graph shows the trends in melting points one oxidation state.
of transition metals. (b) Transition metal of 3d-series that acts as a
strong reducing agent in +2 oxidation states in
aqueous solution.
(ii) Complete and balance the following equation :
(a) Cr2O2-7 + 14H+ + 6Fe2+ 
(b) KMnO4  Heat

Explain the reason why Cr has highest melting point (iii) What is Misch metal ? Write its one use.
and manganese (Mn) a lower melting point ?
(2)
38. (i) When a chromite ore (A) is fused with an aque 43. (i) How do you prepare
ous solution of sodium carbonate in free excess (a) K2MnO4 from MnO2 ?
of air, a yellow solution of compound (B) is (b) Na2Cr2O7 from Na2CrO4 ?
obtained. This solution is filtered and acidified with (ii) Account for the following :
sulphuric acid to form compound (C). Compound (a) Mn2+ is more stable than Fe2+ towards
(C) on treatment with solution of KCl gives oxidation to +3 state.
orange crystals of compound (D). Write the (b) The enthalpy of atomisation is lowest for Zn in
chemical formulae of compounds A to D. 3d-series of the transition elements.
(ii) Describe the cause of the following variations (c) Actinoid elements show wide range of
with respect to lanthanoids and actinoids : oxidation states.
(a) Greater range of oxidation states of actinoids 44. (i) Name the element of 3d-transition series which
as compared to lanthanoids. shows maximum number of oxidation states. Why
(b) Greater actinoid contraction as compared to does it show so ?
lanthanoid contraction. (ii) Which transition metal of 3d-series has positive
(c) Lower ionisation enthalpy of early actinoids
E o M 2 / M value and why ?
as compared to the early lanthanoids.
39. (i) What happens, when (iii) Out of Cr3+ and Mn3+, which is a stronger
(a) manganate ions (MnO2-4) undergoes dispro oxidising agent and why ?
portionation reaction in acidic medium ? (iv) Name a member of the lanthanoid series which
(b) lanthanum is heated with sulphur ? is well known to exhibit +2 oxidation state.
(ii) Explain the following trends in the properties of (v) Complete the following equation,
the members of the first serioes of transition MnO-4 + 8H+ +5e- 
elements.
o
(a) E ( M 2 / M ) value for copper is positive (+0.34
V) in contrast to the other members of the
series.
(b) Cr2+ is reducing while Mn3+ is oxidising, though
both have d4 configuration.
(c) The oxidising power in the series increases in
the order : VO+2 < Cr2O2-7 < MnO-4
40. (i) Account for the following.
(a) Transition metals show variable oxidation
states.
(b) Zn, Cd and Hg are soft metals.
(c) Eo value for the Mn3+ / Mn2+ couple is highly
positive (+ 1.57 V) as compared to Cr3+ Cr2+.
(ii) Write one similarity and one difference between
the chemistry of lanthanoid and actinoid elements.
41. (i) (a) How is the variability in oxidation states of
transition metals different from that of the p-block
elements ?
(b) Out of Cu+ and Cu2+, which ion is unstable in
aqueous solution and why ?
(c) Orange colour of Cr2O2-7 ion changes to
yellow when treated with an alkali. Why ?
(ii) Chemistry of actinoids is complicated as
compared to lanthanoids. Give two reasons.
42. (i) With reference to structural variability, chemical
reactivity, write the differences between
lanthanoids and actinoids.
(ii) Name a member of the lanthanoid series which
is well known to exhibit +4 oxidation state.
(iii) Complete the following equation.
MnO-4 +8H+ + 5e- 
(iv) Out of Mn3+ and Cr3+, which is more
paramagnetic and why ?
(Atomic number of Mn = 25. Cr = 24)
(3)