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Matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms, which possess mass and occupy space. It can exist in various states, including solid, liquid, gas, plasma, and Bose-Einstein Condensate, and can undergo physical and chemical changes. Understanding matter is vital for advancements in science and technology, impacting everyday life and the environment.

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Matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms, which possess mass and occupy space. It can exist in various states, including solid, liquid, gas, plasma, and Bose-Einstein Condensate, and can undergo physical and chemical changes. Understanding matter is vital for advancements in science and technology, impacting everyday life and the environment.

Uploaded by

vyanvora7
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Key characteristics

Composed of particles: Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms,


according to Chemistry LibreTexts. These atoms can further combine to form
molecules and other substances.

Mass and Volume: All matter possesses mass (the amount of 'stuff' in it) and
occupies space.

Particle Arrangement and Motion: The way these particles are arranged and
their level of movement determines the state of matter.

Intermolecular Forces: Particles within matter have attractive forces between


them, which vary in strength depending on the state of matter.

Can Undergo Changes: Matter can undergo both physical and chemical
changes.

Physical Changes: These changes alter the appearance or state of the matter
but don't change its chemical composition (e.g., melting ice into water).

Chemical Changes: These changes result in the formation of new substances


with different properties (e.g., iron rusting).

States of matter

Matter commonly exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas.

Solids: Solids have a definite shape and volume. Particles are tightly packed
in a fixed position and vibrate only slightly.

Liquids: Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container.
Particles are close but can slide past each other.

Gases: Gases have no fixed shape or volume and expand to fill their
container. Particles are far apart and move freely with high energy.

Scientists have identified other states of matter that exist under extreme
conditions, including:

Plasma: Plasma is superheated, ionized gas found in stars, lightning, and


fluorescent lights.

Bose-Einstein Condensate: Bose-Einstein Condensate forms at extremely low


temperatures where particles clump together and behave as a single entity.

Importance of matter
Understanding matter is essential for comprehending the physical world,
developing new technologies, and advancing scientific research in various
fields like chemistry, physics, and biology. From the products people use to
the food people eat and the environments people inhabit, matter is crucial to
existence

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