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Tutorial Reading IPA

The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) was created in the 19th century to standardize the representation of spoken language and accurately depict phonemes. Developed by linguists including Otto Jespersen and A.J. Ellis, it uses Roman characters and diacritics to convey sound distinctions. Although not universally adopted, the IPA is widely used by linguists and in dictionaries, particularly in Europe.

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11 views1 page

Tutorial Reading IPA

The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) was created in the 19th century to standardize the representation of spoken language and accurately depict phonemes. Developed by linguists including Otto Jespersen and A.J. Ellis, it uses Roman characters and diacritics to convey sound distinctions. Although not universally adopted, the IPA is widely used by linguists and in dictionaries, particularly in Europe.

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songhaoshan
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LEM 212 TUTORIAL READING

[2023]

Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica:


International Phonetics Alphabet (Linguistics)

The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) was developed in the 19th century to
accurately represent the pronunciation of languages. One aim of the IPA was to
provide a unique symbol for each distinctive sound in a language—that is, every
sound, or phoneme, that serves to distinguish one word from another.

The concept of the IPA was first broached by Otto Jespersen in a letter to Paul
Passy of the International Phonetic Association and was developed by A.J. Ellis,
Henry Sweet, Daniel Jones, and Passy in the late 19th century. Its creators’ intent
was to standardize the representation of spoken language, thereby sidestepping
the confusion caused by the inconsistent conventional spellings used in
every language. The IPA was also intended to supersede the existing multitude of
individual transcription systems. It was first published in 1888 and was revised
several times in the 20th and 21st centuries. The International Phonetic
Association is responsible for the alphabet and publishes a chart summarizing it.

The IPA primarily uses Roman characters. Other letters are borrowed from
different scripts (e.g., Greek) and are modified to conform to Roman style.
Diacritics (Google this) are used for fine distinctions in sounds and to show
nasalization of vowels, length, stress, and tones.

The IPA can be used for broad and narrow transcription. For example, in English
there is only one t sound distinguished by native speakers. Therefore, only one
symbol is needed in a broad transcription to indicate every t sound. If there is a
need to transcribe narrowly in English, diacritical marks can be added to indicate
that the t in the words tap, pat, and stem differ slightly in pronunciation.

The IPA did not become the universal system for phonetic transcription that its
designers had intended, and it is used less commonly in America than in Europe.
Despite its acknowledged shortcomings, it is widely employed by linguists and
in dictionaries, though often with some modifications. The IPA is also used by
singers.

212/DTAN/READING-PHON

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