Topics -2nd Class
CPU Built In future
S7-200 Expansion Module
S7-200 Different Type of EM
Powering & Wring
Number System
Terminology
Memory System
Practical:
Software Review & Computer Interfacing
Uploading & Downloading
Built-in Features
CPU Status I/O Point Internal:
LEDs Status LEDs - Power Supply
Cartridge - Super Capacitor
Slot - Clock (224(XP),226)
Communication
Port(s)
24V Sensor
Removable Mounting Holes for
Power
Terminal Blocks Panel Installation
Output
(224(XP),226) Snap-On Clip
for DIN Rail Mounting
Expansion I/O Modules: General
Up to 2 Modules (EM) for 222 CPUs
….up to 7 EMs for 224/226 CPUs
Removable Terminals on digital I/O Modules
Module Connection via I/O Expansion Ribbon Cable
CPU-Basic Device + Expansion Module
Connection slot Connector
Expansion I/O Modules …many
options
8 In DC
8 In AC, 120/230 VAC
16 In DC
4 Out DC – 5A
4 Out Relay - 10 A
8 Out DC - 0.75 A
8 Out AC -120/230 VAC, 0.5 A
8 Out Relay - 2 A
4 In / 4 Out DC-DC
4 In / 4 Out DC-Relay
Modem
8 In / 8 Out DC-DC PROFIBUS DP Slave
8 In / 8 Out DC-Relay
4 In Ethernet
16 In / 16 Out DC-DC 4 In / 1 Out 4 In T/C AS-i Master
16 In / 16 Out DC-Relay 2 Out 2 In RTD Position IT Communication
Application of S7-200
POWERING AND WIRING
POWERING AND WIRING
I1.5 I0.3 I9.2 I8.6
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
PS CPU DI DQ DI DQ
5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10
11 11 11 11
12 12 12 12
13 13 13 13
14 14 14 14
15 15 15 15
16 16 16 16
17 17 17 17
18 18 18 18
19 19 19 19
20 20 20 20
Q5.7 Q12.2
A&D2/ATU
POWERING AND WIRING
I1.5 I0.3 I9.2 I8.6
1 1 1 1
L+
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
PS CPU DI DQ DI DQ
5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7
LPS
8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10
11 11 11 11
12 12 12 12
13 13 13 13
14 14 14 14
M
15 15 15 15
16 16 16 16
17 17 17 17
18 18 18 18
19 19 19 19
20 20 20 20
Q5.7 Q12.2
A&D2/ATU
POWERING AND WIRING
I1.5 I0.3 I9.2 I8.6
1 1 1 1
L+
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
PS CPU DI DQ DI DQ
5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7
LPS
8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10
11 11 11 11
12 12 12 12
13 13 13 13
14 14 14 14
M
15 15 15 15
16 16 16 16
17 17 17 17
18 18 18 18
19 19 19 19
20 20 20 20
Q5.7 Q12.2
A&D2/ATU
Number Systems
Since a PLC is a computer, it stores information in the form of On or Off
conditions (1 or 0), referred to as binary digits (bits). Sometimes binary digits are
used individually and sometimes they are used to represent numerical values.
Various number systems are used by PLC s. All number systems have the same
three characteristics: digits, base, weight.
Decimal System Binary System
Ten digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Two digits 0, 1
Base 10 Base 2
Weights 1, 10, 100, 1000, ... Weights Powers of base 2 (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, ...)
BCD
Binary-Coded Decimal (BCD) are decimal numbers where each digit is
represented by a four-bit binary number. BCD is commonly used with input
and output devices.
Hexadecimal 16 digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F
Base 16
Weights Powers of base 16 (1, 16, 256, 4096 ...)
Terminology
The language of PLCs consists of a commonly used set of terms; many of which
are unique to PLCs. In order to understand the ideas and concepts of PLCs, an
understanding of these terms is necessary.
Sensor
A sensor is a device that converts a physical condition into an electrical signal for
use by the PLC. Sensors are connected to the input of a PLC. A pushbutton is one
example of a sensor that is connected to the PLC input.
Actuators
Actuators convert an electrical signal from the PLC into a physical condition.
Actuators are connected to the PLC output. A motor starter is one example of an
actuator that is connected to the PLC output.
Terminology
Discrete Input
A discrete input, also referred to as a digital input, is an input that is either in an
ON or OFF condition. Pushbuttons, toggle switches, limit switches, proximity
switches, and contact closures are examples of discrete sensors which are
connected to the PLCs discrete or digital inputs.
Analog Inputs
An analog input is an input signal that has a continuous signal. Typical analog
inputs may vary from 0 to 20 milliamps, 4 to 20 milliamps, or 0 to 10 volts.
Discrete Outputs
A discrete output is an output that is either in an ON or OFF condition. Solenoids,
contactor coils, and lamps are examples of actuator devices connected to
discrete outputs.
Terminology
Analog Outputs
An analog output is an output signal that has a continuous signal. The output
may be as simple as a 0-10 VDC level that drives an analog meter.
CPU
The central processor unit (CPU) is a microprocessor system that contains the
system memory and is the PLC decision making unit. The CPU monitors the
inputs and makes decisions based on instructions held in the program memory.
The CPU performs relay, counting, timing, data comparison, and
sequential operations.
Programming
Programme Representation
Electrical Electronic Professionals
Professionals
Engineers Engineers
Function
Ladder Statement
Block
Diagram (LAD) List (STL)
Diagram (FBD)
Q4.0
I0.0 I0.1 Q4.0 AI0.0
I0.0 AI0.1
I0.1 & =Q4.0
Programming
Writing of Instructions
LAD FBD STL
Check for 1 I0.0 I0.0 & A I0.0
O I0.0
Check for 0 M5.0 M5.0 >= AN M5.0
ON M5.0
Write decision Q4.0 Q4.0 = = Q4.0
Programming
1. Contactor K1 is to pick up only when S1 is actuated & S2 is not actuated.
P24 Program in LAD Program in
STL
S1/I1.0 S2/I0.1 I1.0 I0.1 Q4.0 A I 1.0
AN I 0.1
= Q 4.0
Program in FBD
K1/Q4.0
I1.0 &
M Q4.0
I0.1 =
Programming
2. Contactor K1 is to pick up only when S1 is actuated & S2 is not actuated.
P24 Program in LAD Program in
STL
I1.0 I0.1 Q4.0 A I 1.0
S1/I1.0 S2/I0.1
A I 0.1
= Q 4.0
Program in FBD
K1/Q4.0
I1.0 &
Q4.0
M
I0.1 =
Programming
3. Contactor K1 is to pick up only when S1 is actuated & S2 is not actuated.
P24 Program in LAD Program in
STL
I1.0 I0.1 Q4.0
S1/I1.0 S2/I0.1 AN I 1.0
A I 0.1
= Q 4.0
Program in FBD
K1/Q4.0
I1.0 &
Q4.0
M
I0.1 =
Programming
A program consists of one or more instructions that accomplish a task. programming
a PLC is simply constructing a set of instructions. There are several ways to look at a
program such as ladder logic, statement lists, or function block diagrams.
Ladder Logic
Ladder logic (LAD) is one programming language used with PLCs. Ladder logic
uses components that resemble elements used in a line diagram format to
describe hard-wired control.
Programming
Ladder Logic Diagram
The left vertical line of a ladder logic diagram represents the power or energized
conductor. The output element or instruction represents the neutral or return path of
the circuit. The right vertical line, which represents the return path on a hard-wired
control line diagram, is omitted. Ladder logic diagrams are read from left-to-right,
top-to-bottom. Rungs are sometimes referred to as networks. A network may have
several control elements, but only one output coil.
In the example program shown example I0.0, I0.1 and Q0.0 represent the first
instruction combination. If inputs I0.0 and I0.1 are energized, output relay Q0.0
energizes. The inputs could be switches, pushbuttons, or contact closures.
Programming
Statement list
A statement list (STL) provides another view of a set of instructions. The
operation, what is to be done, is shown on the left. The operand, the item to be
operated on by the operation, is shown on the right. A comparison between the
statement list shown below, and the ladder logic shown on the previous page,
reveals a similar structure.
Programming
Function Block Diagrams
Function Block Diagrams (FBD) provide another view of a set of instructions. Each
function has a name to designate its specific task. Functions are indicated by a
rectangle. Inputs are shown on the left-hand side of the rectangle and outputs are
shown on the right-hand side. The function block diagram shown below performs
the same function as shown by the ladder diagram and statement list.
Memory
Memory Size
Kilo, abbreviated K, normally refers to 1000 units. When talking about computer or
PLC memory, however, 1K means 1024. This is because of the binary number
system (210=1024). This can be 1024 bits, 1024 bytes, or 1024 words, depending
on memory type.
RAM
Random Access Memory (RAM) is memory where data can be directly accessed
at any address. Data can be written to and read from RAM. RAM is used as a
temporary storage area. RAM is volatile, meaning that the data stored in RAM will
be lost if power is lost. A battery backup is required to avoid losing data in the
event of a power loss.
Memory
ROM
Read Only Memory (ROM) is a type of memory that data can be read from but not
written to. This type of memory is used to protect data or programs from accidental
erasure. ROM memory is nonvolatile. This means a user program will not lose
data during a loss of electrical power. ROM is normally used to store the programs
that define the capabilities of the PLC.
EPROM
Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM) provides some level of
security against unauthorized or unwanted changes in a program. EPROMs are
designed so that data stored in them can be read, but not easily altered. Changing
EPROM data requires a special effort. UVEPROMs (ultraviolet erasable
programmable read only memory) can only be erased with an ultraviolet light.
EEPROM (electronically erasable programmable read only memory), can only be
erased electronically.
Memory
Firmware
Firmware is user or application specific software burned into EPROM and
delivered as part of the hardware. Firmware gives the PLC its basic functionality.
SIMATIC S7 200: Organisation Blocks.
Cyclical Program Execution(OB1)
Start-up block (OB 100)
Execution once after e.g. power on
Input
Start of the cycle monitoring time
Module
Reading the signal states from the modules
and saving the data in the process image (PII)
CPU Cycle
Execution of the program in OB1 Block
(cyclical execution) A I 0.1
OB 1 A I 0.2
Events (time-of-day interrupt, hardware interrupts etc.)
= Q8.0
call other OBs, FBs, FCs, etc.
Writing the process-image output table Output
(PIQ) to the output modules Module
SIMATIC S7 200: Organisation Blocks.
Cycle Time : The cycle time comprises
Operating System Execution Time
Process Image Transfer Time ( PII & PIQ )
OB1
User Program execution time
is executed
continuously
S7 timers and Counters
Profibus DP I/Os if any.
Integrated Functions.
Communication via the MPI.
Interrupt Handling Functions (OBs).
Many networking and communication options ……….
How do we decide which option will meet my requirement ……… ?
Data Volume ?
Communication speed ?
No. of partners on the network (no. of nodes) ?
Distance ?
Data integrity ?
Purpose of communication – time critical like control function or
non time critical like visualization function ?
Cost ?
Data size
MPI = Small
PROFIBUS = Large
IND. ETHERNET = Very Large
Selection
Speed
MPI = 187.5 kbps
1.5 mbps (with S7-400)
PROFIBUS = 12 mbps
IND. ETHERNET = 100 mbps
Selection
Number of nodes
MPI = 32
PROFIBUS = 126
IND. ETHERNET = 1024
Selection
Distance
MPI = Smaller
PROFIBUS = Longer
IND. ETHERNET = Longer
Selection
Data consistency
MPI = 22 to 76 bytes
PROFIBUS = 240 bytes
IND. ETHERNET = 8/64 Kbytes
Selection
Purpose of communication
I/O comm. = Profibus-DP
(Time critical) Profibus-PA
ASi
Data comm. = MPI
(Non time- Profibus-FDL
critical) Ind. Ethernet
Selection
Cost
MPI = only cable cost
PROFIBUS = needs additional
hardware
IND. ETHERNET = --do--
Communications Parameters for STEP 7--
Micro/WIN
Communications for STEP 7--Micro/WIN
Establishing Communications
with the S7-200
Downloading the Sample
Program
Placing the S7-200 in RUN Mode
